IOSR-JAP   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2025

ABSTRACT: Glaucoma is an irreversible eye problem that leads to vision loss. It is divided into two main different types, which are open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). This study aims to evaluate selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) for treating OAG. The investigation took place in the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation environment. The eye’s anterior chamber was modeled, and the two LASERs were exposed through Schlemm’s canal and trabecular meshwork, which are part of the eye’s anterior chamber. The thermal responses of the eye due to the absorption of the electromagnetic energy carried by the two LASERs were measured.......

Keywords: Eye’s anterior chamber, Schlemm’s canal, trabecular meshwork, laser trabeculoplasty

[1]. J. S. Yoon, Y. eun Kim, E. J. Lee, H. Kim, and T. W. Kim, “Systemic factors associated with 10-year glaucoma progression in South Korean population: a single center study based on electronic medical records,” Sci. Rep., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27858-z.
[2]. S. Farooq and A. Rizwan, “Glaucoma Detection and Classification Using Improved U-Net Deep Learning Model,” 2022.
[3]. M. P. Lehekar, “International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development ( IJTSRD ) Implemetation of Kanban,” no. June 2021, pp. 598–621, 2017.
[4]. Vaughan & Asbury’s, General Ophthalmology, 19th ed. New York Chicago San francisco Athens London: McGraw-Hill Education, Inc, 2018.
[5]. A. Khurana, Comprehensive Ophthalmology-Diseases of the Retina 6th Edition. 2015.

ABSTRACT: In this article, the authors start with a discussion of various quantum states and their associated density matrices. The evaluation of the density matrices for pure, mixed, and entangled states is done elaborately. The concept of the trace of the density matrices is then explored and its relation with the purity of any state is discussed. The mathematical process of diagonalization of a matrix is studied for pure, mixed, and entangled states.

Keywords: Quantum states; Pure state; Mixed states; Entangled states; Density matrix; Purity of state

[1]. Aitken, A.C.: Determinants and matrices. Read Books Ltd (2017)
[2]. Bell, J.S.: On the einstein podolsky rosen paradox. Phys. Phys. Fiz. 1, 195 (1964)
[3]. Blum, K.: Density matrix theory and applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2012)
[4]. Griffiths, D.J.: Ouantum Mechanics. (2003)
[5]. Luo, S., Sun, Y.: Quantum coherence versus quantum uncertainty. Phys. Rev. A. 96, 22130 (2017)

ABSTRACT: While coherence is an intrinsic characteristic of quantum systems, de-coherence describes the environmental intrusion during the measurement process, leading to transition from quantum to classical reality, hence playing a pivotal role in quantum information processing. The authors emphasize the need to understand physical aspect of various elements of the density matrix of a quantum state and how these elements control the coherence/de-coherence behaviour of quantum physics and the transition to classical domain.

Keywords: Quantum states; Density matrix; Coherence; de-coherence; measurement; Environment

[1]. Ashhab, S., Johansson, J.R., Nori, F.: Rabi oscillations in a qubit coupled to a quantum two-level system. New J. Phys. 8, 103 (2006)
[2]. Barrera, G., Mocha, W.L., Garcı, A.: On the definition of the Poynting vector : A non-local derivation. Elsevier Phys. B. 405, 2920–2924 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.01.004
[3]. Blum, K.: Density matrix theory and applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2012)
[4]. Gerry, C.C., Knight, P.L.: Introductory quantum optics. Cambridge university press (2023)
[5]. Griffiths, D.J.: Ouantum Mechanics. (2003)
[6]. Schlosshauer, D.: The quantum-to-classical transition. Front. Collect. (Springer-Verlag, 2007). (2007)

ABSTRACT: The study of specific heat in solids provides fundamental insights into lattice vibrations and electronic behavior, especially at low temperatures. The Debye model offers a theoretical framework to understand the lattice contribution to specific heat, introducing the Debye characteristic temperature () as a key parameter reflecting phonon dynamics and bonding strength. This work reviews the theoretical foundations of the Debye model, the temperature dependence......

Keywords: Specific Heat, Debye Temperature, Debye Model, Lattice Vibrations, Phonons, Low-Temperature Heat Capacity, Electron-Phonon Interaction, Solid-State Physic, Thermal Properties, Metals

[1]. Debye, P. (1912). “On the Theory of Specific Heats.”
[2]. Einstein, A. (1907). “Planck’s Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heat.”
[3]. Born, M., & von Kármán, T. (1912). “On Oscillations in Space Lattices.”
[4]. Blackman, M. (1935). “The specific heat of solids”.
[5]. Peierls, R. (1929). “On the Kinetic Theory of Heat Conduction in Crystals.

ABSTRACT: There are two significant merit function of PSF, the first one being the intensity in the central lobe of the PSF should be large and the second being the width of the central maximum or the radius of the first dark ring in the PSF should be less when compared to that of the Airy case. The focus of this work is to formulate the optical filters so that the two aspects of the merit features of the PSF are realized in terms of reduction in the first minima and increase in the intensity distribution in the central maxima......

Keywords: Point spread function; Defocus; Primary spherical aberration; Super resolution, Apodization

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