ABSTRACT: Conventional aircraft design principles fail at micro-scales where viscous forces dominate and unsteady aerodynamic effects are critical. Yet nature has solved this challenge through 600 million years of evolutionary refinement. This creates an opportunity: translating biological flight principles into engineered systems. However, a significant gap exists between biological discovery and engineering implementation. Fragmented advances in different domains (aerodynamics, materials, control, sensing) lack systematic integration. This review bridges this gap by synthesizing....
Keywords: bio-inspired aerodynamics; leading-edge vortex; flapping wing micro-aerial vehicles; computational design; fluid-structure interaction
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