IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

ABSTRACT: Zambia’s agricultural sector remains central to national development, yet its progress continues to be undermined by climate variability, low mechanisation, weak policy implementation, and limited access to sustainable farming technologies. The problem addressed in this study concerns the persistent gap between the availability of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) and their adoption in Lusaka District. Although policy frameworks emphasise........

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; Climate-smart agriculture; Agroecology; Policy implementation; Zambia; Agricultural resilience

[1]. Akinnifesi, F. K., Ajayi, O. C., Sileshi, G., & Chirwa, P. W. (2010). Indigenous Fruit Trees In The Tropics: Domestication, Utilization, And Commercialization. CABI.
[2]. Altieri, M. A. (1995). Agroecology: The Science Of Sustainable Agriculture. CRC Press.
[3]. Altieri, M. A. (2002). Agroecology: The Science Of Natural Resource Management For Poor Farmers In Marginal Environments. Agriculture, Ecosystems And Environment, 93(1–3), 1–24.
[4]. Baulcombe, D. (2010). Reaping Benefits: Science And The Sustainable Intensification Of Global Agriculture. The Royal Society.
[5]. Beintema, N., & Stads, G. (2017). A Review Of Agricultural Research In Zambia. International Food Policy Research Institute

ABSTRACT: This literature review examines sustainable agriculture in Zambia by synthesising theoretical, empirical, and policy-based studies that relate to climate-smart agriculture (CSA), agroecology, and broader sustainability transitions. The purpose of the review is to analyse how existing research frames opportunities for sustainability in the agricultural sector, the constraints that undermine adoption, and the persistent gaps in policy implementation. The review focused on literature from Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, FAO repositories, and regional....

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture; Climate-smart agriculture; Agroecology; Zambia; Policy gaps; Agricultural resilience

[1]. Abd-Elmabod, S. K., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Jordán, A., Anaya-Romero, M., Phillips, J. D., Jones, L., Zhang, Z., Pereira, P., Fleskens, L., & Van Der Ploeg, M. (2020). Climate Change Impacts On Agricultural Suitability And Yield Reduction In A Mediterranean Region. Geoderma, 374, 114453. Adegbeye, M. J., Elghandour, M. M., Monroy, J. C., Abegunde, T. O., Salem, A. Z., Barbabosa-Pliego, A., & Faniyi, T. O. (2019). Potential Influence O

ABSTRACT: Background: Ammonia is a by-product of amino acid metabolism and has been shown to exert deleterious effects on embryonic development under experimental conditions. Despite this, little is known about the physiological regulation of ammonia metabolism during normal embryonic development in vivo. This study aimed to investigate developmental changes in ammonia concentrations within the maternal fetal environment during gestation.........

Keywords: Ammonia, Embryonic development, Placenta, Kidney, Rat

[1]. Gardner DK, Leese HJ. Concentrations Of Nutrients In Mouse Oviduct Fluid And Their Effects On Embryo Development And Metabolism In Vitro. J Reprod Fertil. 1990; 88: 361–368.
[2]. Gardner DK, Lane M. Amino Acids And Ammonium Regulate Mouse Embryo Development In Culture. Biol Reprod. 1993; 48: 377–385.
[3]. Lane M, Gardner DK. Increase In Post-Implantation Development Of Cultured Mouse Embryos By Amino Acids And Induction Of Fetal Retardation And Exencephaly By Ammonium Ions. J Reprod Fertil. 1994; 102: 305–312.
[4]. Nakazawa T, Ohashi K, Yamada M, Shinoda S. Degradation Of Glutamine To Ammonium In Embryo Culture Media. J Reprod Dev. 1997; 43: 1–8.
[5]. Sinawat S, Hsaio WC, Flockhart JH, Kaufman MH, Keith J, West JD. Fetal Abnormalities Produed After Pre-Implantation Exposure Of Mouse Embryos To Ammonium Chloride. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18: 2157–2165.

ABSTRACT: Background: Health is a vital indicator of regional development, and the efficiency of primary health services plays a crucial role in improving community well-being. The present study focuses on evaluating the spatial distribution and intensity of diseases in rural areas through the performance of Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Rural Hospitals.........

Keywords: Primary Health Centres, Disease Intensity, Rural Health, Healthcare Accessibility, Field Survey

[1] Agnihotri, R. C. (1995): ‘Geo-Medical Environment And Health Care- A Study Of Bundel Khand Region’. Rawat Publications Jaipur.
[2] Anderson, Ian P S Et Al. “Indigenous And Tribal Peoples' Health (The Lancet–Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): A Population Study.” The Lancet 388 (2016): 131-157.
[3] Bagade, A.C. Et.Al, (1990): “Overview Of Tribal Health”, Tribal Research Bulletin, Pune., Vol.3, No.1, Pp.59-63.
[4] Bhagwat And Sathe (1975): ‘Rogpratibandhak And Samajik Aushad Vaidyak Shastr (Marathi) M. V. G. N. Poona, Page-117.
[5] Bhat, J., Et.Al. (2009): “Prevalence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Amongst The Tribal Population Of Madhya Pradesh, Central India”, International Journal Epidemiology, Oxford University Press New York, Vol. 38, Pp. 1026-1032..

ABSTRACT: Soil fertility is a key determinant of yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in tropical regions. This study evaluated soil fertility and yam production potentials across 36 communities using fertility indices approach, incorporating Soil Fertility Index (SFI), Soil Evaluation Factor (SEF), and Nutrient Index Values (NIV). Soil samples were analyzed for key nutrients, including N, P, K, organic carbon (OC), Ca, Mg and Na. Fertility indices were related to yam tuber yield to assess spatial variability and productivity potential. Results revealed significant spatial variability, with high fertility concentrated in Ndemili.........

Keywords: Yam (Dioscorea spp.), soil fertility indices, nutrient management, Delta state, tuber yield.

[1]. Adeoye, G. O., Akinrinlola, O. O., & Oladipo, O. A. (2018). Soil Fertility Evaluation For Cassava And Yam Production In Southwestern Nigeria. African Journal Of Agricultural Research, 13(22), 1150–1161. Https://Doi.Org/10.5897/AJAR2018.13345
[2]. Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2017). The Nature And Properties Of Soils (15th Ed.). Pearson.
[3]. FAO. (2006). Guidelines For Land Evaluation For Rainfed Agriculture (Revised Edition). Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations, Rome.
[4]. Gebrekidan, H., & Haile, M. (2019). Soil Fertility Assessment Using Fertility Indices And Nutrient Index Values For Maize Production In Ethiopia. Soil & Tillage Research, 190, 1–10. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Still.2019.03.012