iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: Suicide is a serious public health problem. The world health organisation : recognising the growing problem of suicide worldwide urged members to address the phenomenon. During the past decade there have also been dramatic and disturbing increases in reports of suicide among youths. Suicide remains a serious public health problem at the other end of age spectrum. Suicidal risk and protective factors and their interaction form the empirical basis for suicide prevention. Risk factors are associated with the greater suicidal intent and more lethal suicidal behaviour. Understanding risk factors can help dispel myths that suicide is a random act or result from stress alone. Previous suicidal attempt, hopelessness, psychological pain and mental disorders, easy accessto lethal methods constitute important...........

[1]. Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicidal behaviours. Part2:Suicide - related ideations, communications and behaviours. Suicide and life threatening behaviour, 37,264-277.
[2]. Beskow (1 979). Suicide and mental disorder in Swedish men. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, supplementum,277, 1-138.
[3]. Bhatia,M.S., Agarwal, N.K., & Agarwal, B.B.,(2000). Psychosocial profile of suicide ideators, attemptors and completers in India. International journal of social psychiatry,46, 155-163.
[4]. Bille-Brahe U, Schmidtke A, Kerkhof A et al (1994). Back ground and introduction to the study. In AJFM Kerkhof, A, Schmidtke, U Bile-Brahe et al, Attempted suicide in Europe.
[5]. Findings from the multi centre study on Parasuicide by the WHO Regional office for Europe ,pp-3-15.DSWO Press, Leiden.

Abstract: Aristotle said "Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction". A statement that is true nowadays where attractive people have a much better chance of being successful. Dentists and orthodontists can greatly contribute to enhancing patient's smile, appearance, and subsequently self-confidence. The increase in adult orthodontic treatment demand over the last few years, children and adolescents still comprise the majority of the orthodontic patient population. Within this younger population, there has been a shift from traditional treatment goals, such as ideal occlusion and cephalometric standards, to include goals embodying principles of micro-esthetics and soft tissue harmony. It is important for orthodontists to make every effort to develop a harmonious balance that will produce the most attractive smile possible for each patient treated...

Keywords: smile enhancement, smile arc, smile designing

[1]. Cotrim ER, VasconcelosJúnior ÁV, Haddad AC, Reis SA. Perception of adults' smile esthetics among orthodontists, clinicians and laypeople. Dental Press J Orthod 2015;20:40-4.
[2]. Newton JT, Prabhu N, Robinson PG. The impact of dental appearance on the appraisal of personal characteristics. Int J Prosthodont 2003;16:429-34.
[3]. Sabri R. The eight components of a balanced smile. J ClinOrthod 2005;39:155-67.
[4]. Gul e Erum, Fida M. Changes in smile parameters as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, artists, and laypeople. World J Orthod2008;9:132-40.
[5]. Isiksal E, Hazar S, Akyalçin S. Smile esthetics: Perception and comparison of treated and untreated smiles. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2006;129:816..

Abstract: Diabetes disease burden in Diabetes mellitus was explored for its possible association with hematopoietic indices and serum predictors of hypertension with dyslipidemia. Hypothesis was that disease burden of diabetes is correlated with change in serum levels of sugar, lipoproteins, urea, uric acid, creatinine and hematological parameters as consequence of platelet dysfunction manifested as dyslipidemia, nephrosis, thrombosis and diabetes mellitus. A total of 125 diabetic patients with different disease burden were analyzed for correlation and contribution of serum sugar, lipoproteins, urea, uric acid, creatinine and hematological parameters with platelet dysfunction as 'diabetes disease burden index'. Results showed that 'diabetes disease burden index' may reflect the initial trigger of dyslipidemia, hypertension followed by progressive renal complications with growing risk of.........

[1]. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414: 782-7.
[2]. De Fronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and alterosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991;14:173-94.
[3]. Tschoepe D, Roesen P, Schwippert B, Gries FA. Platelets in diabetes: the role in hemostatic regulation in atherosclerosis. Semin Thromb Haemost 1993;19:122-8.
[4]. Tschoepe D. Langer E, Schauseil S, Rosen P, Kaufmann L, Gries FA. Increased platelet volume—sign of impaired thrombopoiesis in diabetes mellitus. Klin Wochenschr 1989;67:253-9.
[5]. Wong T, Pedvis L., Frojmovic M. Platelet size affects both micro- and macro-aggregation: contributions of platelet number, volume fraction, and cell surface. Thromb Haemost 1989; 62: 733-41.

Abstract: Human milk is a bioactive fluid that evolves from colostrum to mature milk as the infant matures. Breast milk is the unique source of nutrition that plays an important role in the growth, development and survival of infants. There is still a lack of knowledge in newborn care and particularly about the appropriate interventions including breastfeeding management. Exclusive breastfeeding practice for six months is not so hopeful in South East Asia region and also in our country. The aim of this study is to identify the socio-demographic profile of the mothers and their relation with the time of initiation of breastfeeding. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Post natal ward of Gynae and Obs Department, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from April 2008- September..........

Key words: Breastfeeding, Colostrum, prelacteal, human milk

[1]. Wagner CL, Graham EM, Hope WW 2006. Human Milk and Lactation. Available at http://as.medscape.com/js.ng/
Params.richmedia.Medscape. eMedicine Specialties , Neonatology..Accesss on 12/01/2009.
[2]. Giashuddin MS& Kabir M. Duration of breast-feeding in Bangladesh. Indian J Med Res 2004;119:267-272.
[3]. Khan MH, Khan FR, Noman N, Hashmi G, Gul S, Ali A et al. Essential Newborn Care Practice in Hospital Versus Home Deliveries. Journal of Medical Sciences 2006; 4:7-9.
[4]. World Health Organization (WHO) – 2003. Promoting Effective Perinatal Care; 2002. Essential Newborn Care and Breastfeeding Training modules.
[5]. Khanam W, Haque MA, Rahman N, Khatoon S, Hannan A. Cognitive development of exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed infants and young children in selected rural community. Bangladesh J Child Health 2007;31:1-7..

Abstract: Stress can be defined as ''a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense'' and also as ''a number of normal reactions of the body (mental, emotional, and physiological) designed for self preservation''. Despite its diffuse perception, most of the well-known definitions emphasize stress as ''any factor that threatens the health of an individual or has an adverse effect on the functioning of the body'. Medical education is perceived as stressful. High levels of stress have been documented in medical students in various studies.Amongst medical students, stress has been reported to be due to academic demands, exams, inability to cope, helplessness, increased psychological pressure, mental tension and too much work load. The present study was done on about..........

[1]. Stress Level Comparison of Medical and Non-medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study done at Various Professional Colleges in Karachi, Pakistan ; ACTA PSYCHOPATHOLOGICA ; ISSN :2469:6676 Syed Aoun Muhammad Jafri, Ejaz Zaidi, Iram Saddiqa Aamir, Hafza Waqar Aziz, Imad-ud-Din and Mohammad Ali Husnain Shah
[2]. Bayram N, Bilgel N. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008; 43: 667-72.
[3]. Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson B. Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Med Educ 2005; 39: 594-604.
[4]. Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ 2001; 35: 12-7
[5]. Azhar MZ. Psychological stress and treatment - research issues. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59: 143-5.

Abstract: Poor absorption of prednisolone is very uncommon, but an absorption study may be useful confirmatory evidence of poor concordance in a patient who denies not taking Prednisolone. Nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis, is defined by the presence of nephrotic-range proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia. While nephrotic-range proteinuria in adults is characterized by protein excretion of 3.5 g or more per day but in children it is defined as protein excretion of more than 40 mg/m2/h or a first-morning urine protein/ creatinine of 2-3 mg/mg creatinine or greater. Prednisolone is a steroid medication used to treat children with nephrotic syndrome which is frequently used. The aim of this study was to estimate serum Prednisolone in children with nephrotic...........

Key words: Nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, Serum Prednisolone

[1]. Priya pais, Avner DE, Nephrotic Syndrome. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Geme JWS, Stanton BF, Schor NF, (eds.) Nelson Textbook of pediatrics. 19th edition. Philadelphia, PA, Elsevier; 2012. p.p 1801-7.
[2]. Gatti G, Perucca E, Frigo G.M. Pharmacokinetics of prednisone and its metabolite prednisolone in children with nephritic syndrome during the active phase and in remission. Br J clin Pharmac1984;17:423-31.
[3]. Madani A, Daryoush F, Esfehani TS, Mohsseni Parvin, Atayee N, Ahmedi M, Elmi F,Haddadi M.G. Glomerular diseases in Iranian children: clinico-pathological correlation. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 925-28.
[4]. Bhimma R, Adhikari M, Asharam K, Connolly C. The spectrum of kidney disease ( stage 2-5 ) in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;23(10):1841-6.
[5]. Uddin GM.Paediatric renal transplantation in Bangladesh. The Child Kidney News 2009;1(1)..