iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: Aim: To Analyse The Various Prognostic Factors Which Will Influence The Visual Outcome In Patients With Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Design: Hospital Based Prospective Study. Materials And Methods: Patients More Than 20 Years Of Age, Admitted In Coimbatore Medical College Hospital With Head Injury And Diagnosed As Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Underwent Detailed Ophthalmic Evaluation Including Visual Acuity, Anterior Segment Examination, Colour Vision Testing, Visual Field Charting And Fundus Examination. Results And Conclusion: Visual Improvement Was Found To Be Good When Steroids Were Started Within 48 Hours Of Injury. It Was Also Observed That If Visual Improvement Did Not Occur Within 48 Hours Of Initiation Of Steroids, Further Visual Improvement Was Unlikely.An Initial Visual Acuity Of More Than Counting Fingers Was Associated With A Good Visual Prognosis.

Key Words: Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy, Initial Visual Acuity, Steroids.

[1]. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF. Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. (Ed 3, Vol. 3. Baltimore, Williams &Wilkins, 1969)
[2]. Wolin MJ, Lavin PJM: Spontaneous Visual Recovery From Traumatic Optic Neuropathy After Blunt Head Injury. Am J Ophthalmol1990; 109: 430 – 435.
[3]. Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, Et Al: Final Results Of MRC CRASH, A Trial Of Intravenous Corticosteroid In Adults With Head Injury Outcomes At 6 Months. Lancet 2005; 365: 1957 – 1959
[4]. Sundeep, H Niveditha, Nivedhitha Nikhil, B V Vinutha. "Visual Outcome Of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy In Patients Treated With Intravenous Methylprednisolone". Int J Sci Stud; 2(3) 2014;67-70.
[5]. Lee KF, Muhd Nor NI, Yaakub A, Wan Hitam WH. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Reviewof 24 Patients.Int J Ophthalmol3(2)2010: 175-178

Abstract: : Background: Many pharmacologic approaches have been tried to obtund the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy but none has been proved entirely satisfactory, because either the reflex is blocked incompletely or because the method itself carries some additional risk. Aims and Objective: Our study aims to assess the efficacy of oral Gabapentin 400mg in attenuating haemodynamic response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in ASA I/II normotensive patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind clinical study was conducted on 60 normotensive patients (30 in each group), of either sex, undergoing elective upper abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia.Patients were randomized to C or G group accordingly and received the respective capsules, that is, the Placebo Capsule B-Complex or Capsule Gabapentin 400 mg, 2 hours prior to surgery..........

Keywords: Gabapentin, Haemodynamics, Intubation, Oral, Response.

[1]. King BD, Harris LC Jr, Griefenstein FE, Elder JD Jr, Dripps RD. Reflex circulatory responses to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation performed during anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology 1951; 12: 556-66.
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[3]. Stoelting RK. Circulatory response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with or without prior oropharyngeal viscous Lidocaine. Anaesth Analg. 1977; 56(5): 618-21.
[4]. Venus B, Polassani V, Pham CG. Effects of aerosolized Lidocaine on circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Crit Care Med. 1984; 12(4): 391-
[5]. Sklar BZ, Lurie S, Ezri T, Krichelli D, Savir I, Soroker D. Lidocaine inhalation attenuates the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. J Clin Anaesth. 1992; 4(5): 382-5..

Abstract: Dyslipidemia is associated with type 2 diabetes, with most common patterns of reduced HDL cholesterol and elevated triglyceride levels in diabetic patients. But, it is still unclear that whether low HDL cholesterol levels play a role in type 2 diabetes. Study on 500 patients with type 2 diabetes and serum triglycerides <400 mg/dl was conducted at PMCH DHANBAD, Jharkhand, INDIA and it was observed that There was significant interaction between the HbA1C level risk of low HDL cholesterol.

[1]. Garcia MJ, McNamara PM,Gordon T, Kannell WB: Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population: sixteen year follow-up study. Diabetes 1974; 23: 105– 111

[2]. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M: Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229– 234

[3]. Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, Abbott RD, Kalousdian S, Kannel WB: Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels: the Frmingham Study. JAMA 1986; 256: 2835– 2838

[4]. Sharrett AR, Ballantyne CM, Coady SA, Heiss G, Sorlie PD, Catellier D, Patsch W: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Group Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL-C density subfractions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Circulation 2001; 104: 1108– 1113

[5]. Grant RW, Meigs JB: Prevalence and treatment of low HDL cholesterol among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 479– 484

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant disorder associated with the chewing of areca nut (betel nut). OSF itself causes significant morbidity and may also cause mortality, if transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our study aims to evaluate lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in serum of different grades of oral sub mucous fibrosis and to compare them with healthy controls and to correlate the relationship between pathogenesis of OSF and the LDH enzyme among patients attending a dental college of Western India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 patients of OSF and 30 healthy controls. Oral Punch Biopsy was taken from OSF patients and venous blood samples for LDH estimation was collected from both OSF patients and healthy control.............

Keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Oral malignancy, Oral pathology, Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF), Squamous cell Carcinoma (SCC).

[1]. Basoya S, Etiopathogenesis and management of oral sub mucous fibrosis, Quality in Primary Care (2015) 23 (6): 327-332.
[2]. Gupta M, Pachauri A, Singh SK, Ahuja R, Singh P, Mishra SSS, Recent Advancements in Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis Management: an Overview, Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education, Vol. 04, No. 02, July 2014
[3]. Wollina U, Verma SB, Ali FM, Patil K, ,Oral sub mucous fibrosis: an update, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2015:8 193–204.
[4]. Lingen MW, Kalmar JR, Karrison T, Speight PM. Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2008;44:10-22.
[5]. Rajendran R, Rani V, Shaikh S. Pentoxifylline therapy : A new adjunct in the treatment of oral sub mucous fibrosis, Indian J Dent Res.2006 | Volume : 17 | Issue : 4 | Page : 190198

Abstract: Active/latent Tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals is termed co-infection.Worldwide around 1million cases of HIV have been affected with Tuberculosis and about 0.4million deaths have occured; more so in developing countries like Africa, India,etc.This study has identified various risk factors and assessed the prevalence of this co-infection in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods:This hospital based retrospective study was done among 150 randomly selected HIV positive patients using their unique ART identification number.All HIV patients on ART irrespective of age, occupation,gender and treatment category were included in the study.Screening and diagnosis of Tuberculosis carried out by Acid fast Ziehl-Neelsen's technique, Radiological findings and Mantoux test..........

Keywords: HIV-TB co-infection,ART, CD4.

[1]. AndrzejPawlowskietal,(2012)TuberculosisandHIVCo-infection, PLoSPathog8(2):e1002464.1371/journal.ppat.1002464,February16, 2012.
[2]. PurushottamAgirietal,PrevalenceofPulmonaryTuberculosisAmong HIVPosotivePatientsAttendingAntiretroviralTherapyClinic,NAmJ MedSci.2013jun;5(6);367-370.
[3]. SBhagyabatiDevietal,HIVandTBCo-infection,JIACM2005:6(3);220-3
[4]. AhmedEsmaeletal,TuberculosisandHumanImmuneDeficiencyVirus Co-infection in Debre Markos Refferal Hospital in Northwest Ethoipia:AFiveYearsRetrospectiveStudy,AIDSClinRes4:263.
[5]. WorldHealthOrganization,HIV/AIDS.TuberculosisandHIV.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a disease of the liver resulting from an inflammatory, infiltrative, immunologic, mechanical or metabolic injury to the liver, which has persisted for six or more months without complete resolution. The leading causes include hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Among the radiological imaging Ultrasonography is most acceptable method of assessment of liver being least expensive and highly safe. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To see the ultrasonological findings in hepatitis C positive patients and to see its association with liver enzymes MATERIAL AND METHODS: - This Cross sectional study was conducted at LLRM Medical College from September 2016 to Aug 2017. All the hepatitis C patients who were admitted in different wards and visited OPD were taken. After selecting the study subjects full history taking..........

Key words: Hepatitis C, Chronic Liver Disease, Ultrasound, Liver Enzymes

[1]. Kasper DL, Bround wald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, longo DL, Jamesson JF..Harrison principle of internal medicine.NewYork: McGraw- Hill Co. 2005:1828-1823.
[2]. 2. Mortele KJ,Segatto E, Ros PR. The infected liver:radiologic-pathologic correlation. .2004;24(4):937-955
[3]. Portal RS, Kaplan JL, Homeier BP,BeersMH. Laboratory tests:testing for Hepatitis and Biliary Disorders.The merck manul medical library:the merk manual of diagnosis and therapy . 2008:http://www.merk.com/mmpe/sec03/ch023/ch023b.html.

[4]. Curry MP, Afdhal NH. Tests used for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Uptodate. Runyon BA, Travis AC, eds. Accessed at: www.uptodate.com. 2014.
[5]. Fontana RJ, Lok AS. Noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36(5 Suppl 1):57-64.

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of hepadna virus family – a DNA virus which is transmitted percutaneously (intravenous drug abuse / blood transfusion), perinatally and sexually. Transfusion associated Hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) is one of the major transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) in India and has high incidence in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions. Material and Method: This study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Retrospective analysis of donor profiles for a period of six years was analysed to assess the distribution of seropositive cases in relation to age, sex, and trend. The analysis was performed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 43839 blood units were screened amongst which 775 (1.76%) were positive for Hepatitis-B. There were 754 (1.71%) males and 21 (0.04%) females..........

Keywords: Donor, ELISA, Hepatitis – B, Replacement donor, Voluntary donor

[1]. Franco E, Bagnato B, Marino MG, Meleleo C, Serino L, Zaratti L. Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries. World Journal of Hepatology 2012;4(3):74-80.
[2]. Marcucci C, Madjdpour C, Spahn DR. Allogeneic blood transfusions: benefit, risks and clinical indications in countries with a low or high human development index. Br Med Bull 2004;70(1):15–28.
[3]. Sonth SB, Gokale S, Hadapad D, SolabannavarSS. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2015;4:915-8.
[4]. Cerny A, Chisari FV. Pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C: immunology features of hepatic injury and viral persistence. Hepatology 1999;30(3):595–601.
[5]. Mahoney FJ. Update on Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12(2):351–66.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the utility of partogram in monitoring the progress of labour and determining whether appropriate interventioms based on it will improve the fetomaternal outcomes. Method: A case controlled, prospective and interventional study was carried out on 600 women at the obstetric unit of a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad from May 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017. The progress of labour was monitored in 300 women with and without partogram each. The duration of labour, mode of delivery and fetomaternal outcomes were noted. Results: Labour was shorter than 12hours in 82%, between 12-24 hours in 17% and more than 24hours in 1% of the primigravida in the control group. After introduction of partogram (case group), labour was less than 12hours in 94% and between 12-24 hours in 6% of the primigravida...........

[1]. World Health Organization. Maternal mortality rates: a tabulation of available information. Geneva, 1991; ( WHO document WHO/MCH/MSM/91.6)
[2]. Phillpott RH. Graphic record in labour. BMJ. 1972; 4:163-5.
[3]. ODriscoll K, Jackson RJA, Gallagher JT. Active mamagement of labour and cephalopelvic disproportion. J Obstet Gynecol Br Com Wealth 1970;77;385-7
[4]. Prem A, Smitha MV. Effectiveness of individual teaching on knowledge regarding partograph among staff nurses working in maternity wards of selected hospitals at mangalore. Int J Recect Sci Res. 2013;4(7):1163-6
[5]. Guise GM, Segal S. Teamwork in obstetric critical care. Best practise & research. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22(5):937-51

Abstract: Normally Mandibular Molars Have Two Roots, Mesial And Distal. But Sometimes They Present A Variation Called Radix Entomolaris, Where The Tooth Has An Extra Root Attached To Its Lingual Aspect And Very Rarely Radix Paramolaris, Where Extra Root Attached To Buccal Aspect. This Additional Root May Complicate The Endodontic Management Of The Tooth If It Is Misdiagnosed Or Maltreated. The Occurrence Of Radix Entomolaris Is Common, While Radix Paramolaris Is Rare. This Report Presents A Case With Detection And Endodontic Management Of Mandibular Third Molar With Radix Paramolaris.

Key Words- Anatomical Variations, Mandibular Molar, Radix Paramolaris.

[1]. F. J. Vertucci, "Root Canal Anatomy Of The Human Permanent Teeth," Oral Surgery Oral Medicine And Oral Pathology 1984; 58:589 –99.
[2]. B. C. W. Barker, K. C. Parsons, P. R.Mills, And G. L. Williams, "Anatomy Of Root Canals. III. Permanent Mandibular Molars," Aust Dent J 1974; 19:403–13.
[3]. G. Carabelli, Systematisches Handbuch Der Zahnheilkunde, Braumuller Und Seidel, Vienna, Austria, 2 Edition, 1844.
[4]. Carlsen O, Alexandersen V. Radix Paramolaris In Permanent Mandibular Molars: Identification And Morphology. Scan J Dent Res 1991; 99:189 –95.
[5]. Bolk L. Welcher Gebi_Reihe Gehören Die Molaren An? Z Morphol Anthropol 1914; 17:83–116.

Abstract: This prospective study includes 60 patients ( 33 males and 27 females) of head and neck masses under 14 years of age. The aspiration cytology was carried out in all the cases and histopathology was carried out in 52 cases only. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of head and neck masses in children was found to be 96.15%, 95.6% and 95.9% respectively. The cases where surgery was not done were 3 cases of colloid goiter with hypothyroidism, 2 cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis , 2 cases of chronic parotitis and one case of sternocleidomastoid tumour.

Keywords: FNAC, HPE, Neck masses

[1]. Al-Khateeb TH, Alzoubi F, congenital neck masses J oral maxillofacial surgery 2007 Nov;65(11):2242-7
[2]. Ali khalaf Mahrous , Abd. Elsalam H Hashem, Mohammed M Elsawy et al. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings in Bab Elsheria Hospital. The Egyptian journal of Hospital Medicine 2007; 27: 122-127.
[3]. Amy Rapkiewicz, Bich Thuy Le, Aylin Simsir et al. spectrum of head and neck lesions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in the pediatric population. Cancer Cytopathology. 2007; 111(4): 242-251.
[4]. Aslam M, Hassan SM, Hassan SA. Fine needle aspiration cytology versus histopathology in cervical lymphadenopathy. Ind J Otolaryngol Head Neck surg 2000; 52(2): 137 – 40.
[5]. Burton F.Jaffe M.D. pediatric head and neck tumors. The laryngoscope 1973 oct ; 83(10):1644-51
[6]. Dave B, Shet T, Ramadwar M et al . Cytological evaluation of head and neck tumors in children – a pattern analysis. Diagnostic Cytopathol. 2006; 34: 434 – 46.

Abstract: Objective:To assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in ambulatory post-menopausal Indian women as measured by Calcaneal Quantitative ultrasound(QUS) and to study dietary calcium intake and vitamin D status and their influence on bone mineral density(BMD). Methods: This was a six month descriptive observational study comprising 180 menopausal ambulant subjects performed at M.G.M Medical College Hospital, Jamshedpur,Jharkhand, India, from July 2017 to December 2017 who completed semi structured questionnaire with subsequent measurement of QUS of the right calcaneum. Result:The prevalence of osteoporosis was found 48.5% in post -menopausal women. There was significant correlation between low dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, body mass index,early menopause, parity, occupation, education,socio-economic condition and addictions...............

Keywords: BMD, Osteoporosis, post-menopausal,QUS.

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[2]. Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Christiansen C, Johnson CC,Khaltaev N, The diagnosis of osteoporosis . J Bone Miner Res. 1994; 1137-1141.
[3]. Government of India :Ministry of the Home Affairs. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India;2011.Available from ;http://ceneusindia.govt.in/.Accessed May 3,2015.
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[5]. Parker SE, Troisi R, Wise LA, et al. Menarche Menopause, years formenstruation, and the incidence of osteoporosis; the influence of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. 2014; 99(2): 594-601

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common medical complication among pregnant women due to several anatomical factors and hormonal changes. A cross sectional study was conducted in the department of microbiology MKCGMCH, ODISHA between October 2017 to March 2018 to investigate the prevalence of UTI among pregnant women. UTI was diagnosed by growth of atleast 105 colony forming units/ ml of a uropathogen in a culture of MID STREAM URINE. The isolated bacteria were identified by various biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated uropathogen. Urine should be cultured routinely among pregnant women for screening and diagnosis purpose for all pregnant women.

Keywords:Urinary tract infection, pregnancy, Escherichia coli

[1]. Bacak SJ, Callaghan WM, Dietz PM, Crouse C. Pregnancy-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1999-2000. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(2):592–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.638.
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[3]. Dafnis E, Sabatini S. The effect of pregnancy on renal function: physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Med Sci. 1992;303(3):184–205. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199203000-00011.
[4]. Masinde A, Gumodoka B, Kilonzo A, Mshana SE. Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res. 2009;11(3):154–9.
[5]. A. M. Awaness, M. G. Al-Saadi and S. A. Aadoas, "Antibiotics Resistance in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection," Kufa Medical Journal, Vol. 3, 2000.

Abstract: The management of facial trauma, though frequent, is a demanding aspect of work, a maxillofacial surgeon encounters in his practice. Mandible being the prominent and mobile bone of orofacial skeleton, fractures is common in occurrence. Rigid internal fixation in facial bone fractures is aimed to obtain absolute stability and immobilization. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical outcome in ten patients who underwent open reduction and rigid internal fixation with lag screw osteosynthesis technique for mandibular fractures.

Keywords: Fracture, mandible, lag screw technique, osteosynthesis

[1]. PerrenSM .Physical and biological aspects of fracture healing with special reference to internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979 (138):175-96.

[2]. Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Papademetriou I .Use of lag screws for the management of mandibular trauma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996; 81(2):164-7.

[3]. Ellis E 3rd, Ghali GE .Lag screw fixation of mandibular angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991. 49(1):13-21; discussion 21-2.

[4]. Brons R, BoeringG.Fractures ofthe mandibular body treated by stable internalfixation: a preliminary report.J Oral Surg. 1970; 28(6):407-15.

[5]. Dawson DE, Gapany M, LaVelle WE. Titanium lag-screw osteosynthesis for the restoration of mandibular continuity in mandibular "swing" procedures Laryngoscope. 1990; 100(11):1241-4.

Abstract: Introduction:Various prognostic scoring systems have been used, all aimed at predicting persistent organ failure, particularly respiratory, cardiac and renal. Severity stratification assessments should be performed in patients at 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days after admission. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common gastro-interological diseases. The annual incidence may range from 5-50/100000 populations worldwide. The disease may occur at any age, with peak in young man and older women. Objective:To determine the best prognostic indicator in acute pancreatitis comparing Ranson, Glasgow and Multiple organ system failure (MOSF) systems.To assess the prognostic accuracy of Ranson, Glasgow and Multiple Organ System Failure scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis...........

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Ranson, Glasgow, Multiple organ system failure.

[1]. Bailey and Love's –Short Practice of Surgery 27th edition.
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[4]. Imrie CW. Prognostic indicators in acute pancreatitis. Can J Gastroenterol 2003;17:325-328.
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adnexal mass is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ultrasound scan is the mainstay in detecting pelvic adnexal mass. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sonographic detectable adnexal masses among women undergoing gynaecological ultrasound scan at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH). METHODS: This was a non-experimental retrospective study carried out at radiology department UMTH. Data was collected using convenient sampling method and was grouped into positive and negative ultrasound findings. The data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 statistical software. RESULTS: Total of 300 subjects were recruited for the study. 15.7% or 1 in every 6 patients (1:6) ultrasound detectable adnexal masses was reported. Youngadult (20-40 years) had the highestadnexal mass (9.7%). CONCLUSION: This study has established the various pattern and occurrence of ultrasound detectable adnexal masses seen at radiology department UMTH.

[1]. American College of Radiology. ACR AppropriatenessCriteria 2008: clinically suspected adnexal mass.American College of Radiology Web site. Available at:http://www.acr.org/SecondaryMainMenuCategories/quality_safety/app_criteria/pdf/ExpertPanelonWomensImaging/SuspectedAdnexalMassesDoc11.as. [2]. Accessed April 9, 2009. [3]. Liu J, Xu Y, Wang J. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Radiol 2007; 62: 328-334. [4]. Oluwakemi O. Obstetrics and Gynaecology ultrasound. 1st edition,UK: Elsevier limited, 2005; 244-245. [5]. Bega G, Toaff AS and Kane P. Three dimensional ultrasonography in gynaecogy. J Ultrasound Med. 2003; 22: 244-245.

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculous spondylitis represent 50% of cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. It is more common in patients with end stage renal disease and is life-threatening. The diagnosis is often delayed, made at the stage of complications. Given the difficulty of obtaining a diagnostic with certainty, it is necessary to think of new tests such as Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay using automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology. Observation: A 58-year-old diabetic man on chronic hemodialysis for 5 months was admitted for intermittent chest pain and weight loss. The biological assessment noted a frank inflammatory syndrome. The infectious investigation remained negative. An empiric antibacterial therapy has been introduced, leading to a slight improvement.Spinal MRI performed for sudden paraplegia and sphincter disorders showed dorsal spondylitis and spinal cord compression at the level of fourth and fifth dorsal vertebrae..............

Keywords: Spondylitis; Tuberculosis; Hemodialysis; Antituberculous treatment.

[1]. Naim-ur-Rahman. Atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62-B(2):162–5.
[2]. American Thoracic Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Infectious Diseases Society of America American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: controlling tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172, 1169-1227
[3]. Chou KJ, Fang HC, Bai KJ, Hwang SJ, Yang WC, Chung HM: Tuberculosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Nephron 2001, 88, 138–143.
[4]. Passalent L, Khan K, Richardson R et al: Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Head-to-Head Comparison of the T-SPOT.TB Test, Tuberculin Skin Test, and an Expert Physician Panel Clin J Am SocNephrol 2007, 2, 68–73
[5]. Poduval RD, Hammes MD: Tuberculosis screening in dialysis patients: Is the tuberculin test effective? ClinNephrol 2003, 59, 436–440

Abstract: Salivary gland tumors are uncommon, accounting for between 2 to 6.5 percent of all neoplasms of the head and neck. About 70% of all salivary gland tumors arise in the parotid gland and a great number of these are benign tumors, with an average prevalence of 75%-85%. Pleomorphic adenomas are benign salivary gland tumors, which predominantly affect the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. Deep lobe parotid tumors are relatively uncommon. Most of these tumors present as external masses. They can also present in the oral cavity and oropharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology have made it possible to establish a definite diagnosis and identify the exact location of the tumor in almost all cases before surgery.............

[1]. Auclair PL, Ellis GL, Gnepp DR, Wenig BN, Janey CG. Salivary gland neoplasms: Surgical pathology of the salivary glands. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1991:135-64.
[2]. M orita N, Miyata K, Sakamoto T, Wada T. Pleomorphic adenoma in the parapharyngeal space: report of three cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:605-10.
[3]. Batsakis JG, Sneige N. Parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space diseases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989;98:320-1.
[4]. Smith JRG, King WWK, Tang WYM, et al. Differentiating tumors of the deep and superficial lobes of the parotid gland by computed tomographic sialography. Clin Radiol. 1987;38:345–9.
[5]. I zzo L, Frati R, Cianfrone F, Sassayannis PG, Costi U, Galati G, et al. Parotid gland cancer: a case report of a primitive adenocarcinoma arising from a multirecurrent pleomorphic adenoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2004;23:153-6.

Abstract: Background: Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. This study was undertaken to find out the various causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out to identify the causes of pancytopenia based on bone marrow examination. Bone marrow examinations were performed in 98 cases for indications over a period of one year , fulfilled the criteria of pancytopenia. Results: Total 98 cases of pancytopenia were examined during period of one year. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (33%) followed by aplastic/hypoplastic anemia (31%). other cause includes acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myelofibrosis.Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration coupled with trephine biopsy can diagnosed majority cases of pancytopenia.Megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia are the commonest causes of pancytopenia. A comprehensive clinical and hematological study of patients with pancytopenia will help in the identification of Underlying cause.

Keywords: Bone marrow, Pancytopenia

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