iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2018

Abstract: Background : Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of altered carbohydrate metabolism characterised by deficiency of endogenous insulin production or defect in insulin secretion or peripheral resistance to insulin action. Mean platelet volume is one of the haematological parameters used to assess platelet function and activity. Large volumes correlates with increased platelet activity, and this in turn is associated with increased vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Smaller mean platelet volumes on theon the other hand are associated with reduced platelet activity. Objectives :To estimate the mean platelet volume in an uncomplicated type 2diabetes mellitus and to compare with normal controls . To determine the association between mean platelet volume across various levels of albuminuria, thereby relating its association with vascular complications of diabetes, specifically diabetic nephropathy............

Keywords Diabetes mellitus , Glycated hemoglobin , Mean platelet volume

[1]. American diabetes association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes
[2]. mellitus. Diab care. 33 suppl. 1; s62; 2010.
[3]. IDF diabetes atlas, 4th edition, international diabetes federation.
[4]. IDF diabetes atlas, 4th edition, IDF 2009.
[5]. Ramachandran. A, Wan Marc, Snehalatha C. diabetes in asia. Lancet2010; 375 : 408 – 18.

Abstract: Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a long standing infection of a part or whole of the middle ear cleft characterized by ear discharge and a permanent perforationˡ. The concept of mastoid obliteration promotes healing of a mastoidectomy defect at an early phase. Objective To analyse the surgical outcomes of mastoid cavity obliteration with bone dust/ pate compared to open cavity. By employing the technique of obliteration for improving cavity healing period, otorrhea, giddiness and wax formation were assessed. Study design: Prospective, Randomized, Comparative study. Methods: After informed consent,this study was conducted on 40 subjects who are diagnosed of active squamous chronic otitis media. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. The group of 20 controls with an open mastoid cavity and another group of 20 cases, the mastoid cavity was obliterated with bone paté stabilised with a musculoperiosteal...........

Key words: Mastoid cavity; Obliteration; Bonepaté; surgical outcome.

[1]. Mirko Tos Vol 2, Mastoid Surgery and Reconstructive Procedures/ foreword by Tauna Palva – 1995

[2]. Della Santina CC, Lee SC: Ceravital reconstruction of canal wall down mastoidectomy: long-term results. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006, 132:617-23

[3]. Gantz BJ, Wilkinson EP, Hansen MR: Canal wall reconstruction tympano-mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration.Laryngoscope 2005, 115(10):1734-40.
[4]. Ikeda M, Yoshida S, Ikui A, Shigihara S: Canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for middle-ear cholesteatoma: post-operative hearing, cholesteatoma recurrence, and status of re-aeration of reconstructed middle-ear cavity.J Laryngol Otol 2003, 117:249-55.

[5]. Kos MI, Cartrillon R, Montandon P, Guyot JP: Anatomic and functional long-term results of canal wall-down mastoidectomy.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004, 113:872-6.

Abstract: Background: Myocardial infarction continues to be one of the most important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The sequel of infarction may be heart failure, myocardial rupture, various arrhythmias, aneurysm or even death. Early and proper management of myocardial infarction by medical treatment, thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting has improved the outcome to much greater extent in terms of cardiac end point1. If we could have such biomarkers which not only would increase the diagnostic accuracy but also provide the prognostic information about the concerned disease promptly and in an effective way, serum soluble ST2 is one such biomarker which has the above mentioned qualities. Aim: To find relationship between serum concentration of the ST-2 and serial changes in left ventricular function...........

Key Word: Myocardial Infarction, Serum soluble ST2, Left Ventricular Function

[1]. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Vanuzzo D, Hobbs M, Mahonen M, Cepaitis Z, Kuulasmaa K, Keil U:Estimation of contribution of changes in coronary care to improving survival, events rates, and coronary heart disease mortality across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 2000, 355:688700.
[2]. Weinberg EO, Shimpoo M, De Keulenaer GW, Macgillivray C, Tominaga S, Solomon SD, Rouieau JL, Lee RT: Expression and regulation of ST2,an interleukin-1 receptor family member, in cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction. Circulation 2002, 106:29612966.
[3]. Increased soluble ST2 Predicts Long –term Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Chemistry 60:3 530-540.
[4]. The role of interleukin 1 receptor-like 1(ST2) and Interleukin-33 pathway in cardiovascular risk assessment Minerva medica 2012 December; 103(6):513-23.
[5]. Zhang SH,Reddick RL,Piedrahita JA, Maeda N:Spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and arterial lesions in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Science 1992,258:468-471.

Abstract: To share our experience about the safety and efficacy of mifepristone and Transcervical Foley Catheter in midtrimester missed abortion with uterine scar due to previous history of three caesarean section. This patient was diagnosed initially as a case of partial mole of 16 weeks pregnancy. After termination missed abortion was diagnosed by histopathological and serum ßhCG report. Medical termination with scared uterus carries grave risk of mother due to rupture of uterus. Initially her cervix was ripened with mifepristone and transcervical Foley catheter then evacuation was completed with oxytocin drip. Now a days its a great challenge to medical termination of midtrimester missed abortion with previous caesarean section specially when it is two or more. It's our goal to report this case as a special entity in increasing awareness about medical termination of midtrimester missed abortion with previous 3 caesarean section with great precaution.

Key words: Missed abortion, Previous three caesarean section, Mifepristone, Transcervical Foley catheter.

[1]. https://www.ferlity authority.com/fertility issue/miscarriage/missed miscarriage
[2]. Bourne j, Bottomley c, when is a pregnancy nonviable and what criteria should be used to define miscarriage? Fertilsteril:2012; 1091-1096.
[3]. Trinder j, Brocklehurst P, Porter R: Management of miscarriage; expectant, medical, or surgical? Result of randomized control trial(MIST trial).BMJ 2006;332;1235-124O.
[4]. Maya Al-Memar, Shyanoly D Sur: Changing practice in the first trimester missed abortion. In-William Ledger, Justin Clarkeds:
Recent advances in obstetrics and gynaecology: JP publishers :2015:93-95.
[5]. Sabina Nazneen, FerdousiSultanta, Kamrun Nahar: Intravaginal Misoprostol verses Transcervical Foley catheter for pre-induction
cervical Ripening and their outcome-A comparative study: Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol,2012;27(2):72-78

Abstract: The Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR Esch. coli) has emerged as a major cause of health care associated infections. They hydrolyze all beta-lactam antibiotics including extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, not inhibited by serine beta-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam and are resistant to many antibiotics. UTIs caused by MDR Esch.coliis a cause of concern due to the decreasing clinical treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the type and antibiotic resistance pattern of the urinary pathogens isolated from patients attending a busy tertiary care teaching institute of Malwa region of Punjab. A total number of 29848 urine samples were collected from R.H Patiala and processed in the Department of Microbiology.............

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Antimicrobial resistance, Multi Drug Resistant, Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL).

[1]. Rupp.M and Fey, P.D extended spectrum -β-lactamase(ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae: considerations for diagnosis, prevention and drug treatment. 2003; 63(4): 353-365.
[2]. Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, et al. Characterization of a new metallo-βlactamase gene, blaNDM-1, and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53:5046–54.
[3]. Walsh TR, Toleman MA, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Metallo-ß-lactamases: the quiet before the storm? ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2005; 18:306–25.
[4]. Rajesh Joshi and AnkurPhatarpekar. Emergence of Metallo β-Lactamases and Carbapenem Resistance. Indian Pediatrics 166 Volume 48: February 17, 2011.

Abstract: Variations in the emissary foramina of the skull are not uncommon and such variations are important both clinically and anthropologically. These cranial variants may or may not be associated with other congenital anomalies. Defect in the ossification of the parietal bones is an important cause responsible for the variations of the parietal foramen such as accessory parietal foramen, enlarged parietal foramen, parietal fissure and obeliac bones. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to study the prevalence, number and position of parietal foramen in dried adult human skulls and to compare the findings with that of other research workers. A total of 48 skulls (96 parietal bones) were used in the present study, out of which parietal foramen was found in 74 parietal bones............

Key words: Variations, emissary foramen, parietal foramen, ossification, sagittal suture.

[1]. Standring S. Head and neck. In: Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P, Crossman AR, Gatzoulis MA, Healey JC, et al, editors. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. P. 423-97.
[2]. Currarino G. Normal variants and congenital anomalies in the region of the obelion. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1976; 127(3): 487-94.
[3]. Freire AR, Rossi AC, De Oliveira VC, Prado FB, Caria PHF, Botacin PR. Emissary foramens of the skull: anatomical characteristics and its relations with clinical neurosurgery. Int J Morphol 2013; 31(1): 287-92.
[4]. Jamieson EB. Dixon's manual of human osteology. 2nd ed. London: Humphrey Milford; 1937.
[5]. Murlimanju BV, Saralaya VV, Somesh MS, Prabhu LV, Krishmurthy A, Chettiar GK, et al. Morphology and topography of the parietal emissary foramina in South Indians: an anatomical study. Anat Cell Biol 2015; 48: 292-8.

Abstract: Introduction: Membranous glomerulonephritis is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in non-diabetic adults, accounting for up to one third of cases. Case report: A 60-year-old womanpresented with impure nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function. The immunoassay noted negative anti-nuclear antibodies and positive anti-DNAds antibodies. The complement was normal, and hepatitis B and C and HIV serologies were negative. Anti-PLA2R antibodies were positive. A renal biopsy revealed membranous lupus nephritis with immunostaining deposits of IgM, IgG, C3, C1q, kappa and lambda. A positive glomerular capillary stain for anti-PLA2R antigen. The nonimmunosuppressive therapy, angiotensin II receptor blocker and lipid lowering drugs resulted in partial remission..........

Keywords – Membranous glomerulonephritis; Anti-PLA2R antibody; PLA2R antigen.

[1]. Fervenza FC, Sethi S, Specks U. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy: diagnosis and treatment. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008, 3 : 905-919.
[2]. Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:11-21.
[3]. Beck LH Jr, Salant DJ. Membranous nephropathy: recent travels and new roads ahead. Kidney Int 2010; 77:765-70.
[4]. Stahl R, Hoxha E, Fechner K. PLA2R autoantibodies and recurrent membranous nephropathy after transplantation. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:496-8.
[5]. Schlumberger W, Hornig N, Lange S et al. Differential diagnosis of membranous nephropathy with autoantibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor 1. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Feb;13(2):108-13.

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections.Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to to estimate Serum ferritin levels in hepatitis B virus infected patients And normal Controls among the Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: Forty samples from patients and forty from controls were evaluated to determine the serum ferritin levels among HBV positive patients. The serum ferritin was determined using Roche E411® chemistry analyzer...........

Keywords : Serum ferritin, Hepatitis, HBV.

[1] "Hepatitis B Fact sheet N°204". who.int. July 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
[2] Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer (2008).Rubin's Pathology :clinicopathologic foundations of medicine ; [includes access to online text, cases, images, and audio review questions!] (5. ed.). Philadelphia [u.a.]: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 638.
[3] "Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public — Transmission". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Retrieved 2011-11-29.
[4] Chang MH (June 2007). "Hepatitis B virus infection".Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12 (3): 160–167.
[5] buykasik ,N .S., I. Nadir ,F.E .Akin , B .CAKAL , T Kav .O Erosy and Y Buykasik (2011). (serum iron parameter in cirrhosis and chronic hepataitic ; detailed description Turk J Gastroentrol 22(6):606-611.
[6] El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL (June 2007). "Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis". Gastroenterology 132 (7): 2557–76.

Abstract: Karl Landsteiner and Wiener discovered Rhesus (Rh) system in the year 1940. Due to its immunogenicity along with A, B antigens, Rh D antigen testing was made mandatory in pre-transfusion testing. Presently there are more than 50 antigens in Rh blood group system but major ones are D, C, E, c, and e. The most important irregular red blood cell alloantibodies in daily transfusion practice are directed towards the Rh(antiD, -C, -E, -c and -e), KEL Therefore it is important to match the rare antigens before issuing blood so as to prevent complications. Our study aims to find out the Rh phenotype among the voluntary blood donors of Uttarakhand.This is a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 500 healthy voluntary blood donors from January 2016 to July 2017 at our blood bank. Donors were grouped and typed for ABO and Rh major antigens using monoclonal blood grouping reagents and statistical analysis was carried out. A total of 500 blood samples from voluntary blood donors were phenotyped...........

Keywords: Alloimmunization, Antigen, Blood group, Phenotype, Rh

[1]. Owen R. Karl Landsteiner and the first human marker locus. Genetics 2000;155(3):995-8.

[2]. Lögdberg L, Reid ME, Lamont RE, Zelinski T. Human blood group genes 2004: chromosomal locations and cloning strategies. Transfus Med Rev 2005 Jan 31;19(1):45-57. [3]. Flegel WA. The genetics of the Rhesus blood group system. Blood Transfusion 2007;5(2):50.

[4]. Gundrajukuppam DK, Vijaya SB, Rajendran A, Sarella JD. Prevalence of Principal Rh Blood Group Antigens in Blood Donors at the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(5):EC07-EC10.
[5]. Patel Piyush A, Patel Sangeeta P, Shah Jigesh V, Oza Haren V. Frequency and distribution of Blood Groups in Blood Donors in Western Ahmedabad – A Hospital based study. National J Med Res 2012; 2(2):207-10.

Abstract: Many years ago the dental profession recognized and accepted patients' wish and need to avoid an edentulous period, which resulted in fabrication of dentures that can be placed in the patient's mouth immediately following the removal of the last natural teeth, mainly anterior teeth. Today dentists are expected to construct immediate dentures, and patients ask for them increasingly, mainly for aesthetic and psychological reasons. This article presents a case report of a female patient with periodontally compromised teeth, who was successfully rehabilitated with an immediate maxillary and mandibular complete denture.

Keywords : aesthetics, immediate denture, interim prosthesis, vertical dimension

[1]. Rayson JH, Wesley RC. An immediate denture technique. J Prosthet Dent 1970;23(4):456-63.
[2]. Seals RR, Kuebker WA, Stewart KI. Immediate complete dentures. Dent Clin North Am 1996;40(1):151-67.
[3]. Massad JJ, Cagna DR. Immediate complete denture impressions:case report and modern clinical technique. Dent Today 2008;27(3):58,60,62-5.
[4]. LaVere A, Krol AJ. Immediate denture service. J Prosthet Dent 1973;29(1):10-5.
[5]. Woloch M. Nontraumatic immediate complete denture placement: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80(4):391-3.

Abstract: The nature and complexity of dental trauma in children vary widely. In nearly all cases, prompt and appropriate management can significantly minimise the distress associated, and improve the prognosis of many of the resulting injuries. Often these injuries occur in school environment therefore, the perception of school teacher towards these is crucial to prognosis. The most serious tooth injury is the tooth avulsion. Hence the present study was planned among school teachers to assess knowledge towards the emergency management of avulsed tooth and compare the level of knowledge of school teachers in Jazan & Dammam region of Saudi Arabia. This cross sectional study was conducted among 111 school teachers...........

[1]. Thabet AM, Kerim HI. Primarily school teachers' knowledge before and after teaching first aid measures about avulsed or broken permanent incisor among children. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science.2106; 5(1): 1-10.
[2]. Pithon MM, Santos RL, Magalhães PH, Coqueiro RS. Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(5):110-5.
[3]. Kaur H, Kaur S, Kaur H. Prehospital emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth: Knowledge and attitude of school teachers. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2012; 23: 556-61.
[4]. Dua R, Sharma S. Prevalence, causes, and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among seven-to-twelve-year-old school children in Dera Bassi. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2012; 3: 38-41.
[5]. de Lima Ludgero A, de Santana Santos T, Fernandes AV, de Melo DG, Peixoto AC, da Costa Araújo FA, Dourado AT, Gomes A. Knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth among elementary school teachers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2012; 23: 585-90.

Abstract: The anterior ridge defects present a challange in a patient to treat and they require great amount of planning, like removable or fixed prosthesis. The patients chief concern in such cases is aesthetics, whereas for the dentist the concern is restoring the phonetics ,function and biomechanics along with aesthetics. These defects have been successfully treated using conventional treatment approaches. However in certain cases where extensive loss of supportive tissue and when the alignment of the opposing arches and/or esthetic arch position of the replacement teeth create difficulties, convential methods of teeth replacement are not a good options. Fixed partial denture require a good abutment support. The supporting teeth should be periodontically healthy and caries free.

[1]. Achieving esthetics with Andrews Bridge, Prasan Kumar, 10.5005, jp-journals-10019-1119
[2]. James E. Immeleus and Mohamed Aramany. A Fixed - Removable Partial Denture For Cleft Palate Patients. J.Pros.Dent. Vol. 34: Issue 3. Sept 1975: 286-291.
[3]. Gordon N. Gates and Andrews J. Boch. Boulder. Prosthodontics-crown and bridges.mht
[4]. R. Sheldon Stein. Pontic – Residual Ridge Relationship: A Research Report; J.Pros.Dent. March – April 1966.
[5]. John E. Rhoads et al. Dental Laboratory Procedures: Fixed Partial Dentures, 2nd Ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1986. p. 367-380. Leonard A. Mueninghoff, Mark H. Johnson. Fixed-removable partial denture. J Prosthet Dent 1982;48:547-550.