iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2021

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a relapsing disease. Repeated relapses have detrimental effects on the patient and care delivery. Non-compliance with medication is the most common reason for relapse. This questionnaire-based study surveyed the knowledge and attitudes of all groups of staff towards relapse prevention within a single organisation. It finds significant deficits in knowledge, with variations across different classes of care professionals, and it mediates compromised beliefs that could contribute to sub-optimal care delivery. Given the crisis in care delivery affecting psychiatric services, the study calls for education of patients, carers and staff regarding the evidence-based therapeutic options available to manage these troubling issues.

Key Word: Schizophrenia, Relapse, Staff Attitudes, Relapse Prevention, Non-Adherence

[1]. Alvarez-Jimenez, M., A. Priede, S. E. Hetrick, S. Bendall, E. Killackey, A. G. Parker, P. D. McGorry and J. F. Gleeson. 2012. "Risk Factors for Relapse Following Treatment for First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies." Schizophrenia Research 139, no. 1–3: 116–128. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.007, PubMed: 22658527.
[2]. Andreasen, Nancy C., William T. Carpenter Jr., John M. Kane, Robert A. Lasser, Stephen R. Marder and Daniel R. Weinberger. 2005. "Remission in Schizophrenia: Proposed Criteria and Rationale for Consensus." American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 3: 441–449. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441, PubMed: 15741458.
[3]. Ascher-Svanum, Haya, Douglas E. Faries, Baojin Zhu, Frank R. Ernst, Marvin S. Swartz and Jeff W. Swanson. 2006. "Medication Adherence and Long-Term Functional Outcomes in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Usual Care." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67, no. 3: 453–460. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0317, PubMed: 16649833.
[4]. Ascher-Svanum, Haya, Baojin Zhu, Douglas E. Faries, David Salkever, Eric P. Slade, Xiaomei Peng and Robert R. Conley. 2010. "The Cost of Relapse and the Predictors of Relapse in the Treatment of Schizophrenia." BMC Psychiatry 10: 2. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-2, PubMed: 20059765.
[5]. Baser, Onur, Lin Xie, Jacqueline Pesa and Mike Durkin. 2015. "Healthcare Utilization and Costs of Veterans Health Administration Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Paliperidone Palmitate Long-Acting Injection or Oral Atypical Antipsychotics." Journal of Medical Economics 18, no. 5: 357–365. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2014.1001514, PubMed: 25525771.

Abstract: World Health Organization defines Teenage Pregnancy as any pregnancy from a girl who is 10-19 years of age, the age being defined as her age at the time the baby is born1. Teenage pregnancies represent a high-risk group in reproductive terms because of the double burden of reproduction and growth. The combination of poor nutrition and early child bearing expose young women to serious health risks during pregnancy and childbirth, including damage to the reproductive tract, pregnancy- related complications such as anemia, preeclampsia, preterm labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, maternal mortality, perinatal and neonatal mortality, and low birth weight.

Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, high risk pregnancy, maternal morbidity, fetal outcome, obstetrics

[1]. Gazala Yasmin, Aruna Kumar, Bharti Parihar. "Teenage Pregnancy - Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Outcome". International Journal of Scientific Study. 2014;1(6):9-13.
[2]. Prianka Mukhopadhyay, R.N.Chaudhuri, Bhaskar Paul. Hospital based Perinatal Outcomes and Complications in Teenage Pregnancy, Kolkata West Bengal, India. J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2010 Oct;28(5):494-500 ISSN 1606- 0997.
[3]. Indranil Dutta, Prashant Joshi. Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Teenage Vs. Vicenarian Primigravidae – A Clinical Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013 Dec, Vol-7(12): 2881-2884
[4]. Adolescent Pregnancy-Issues in Adolescent Health and Development. Who Discussion Papers on Adolescence: Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development World Health Organization, Geneva-2004
[5]. Olausson PO, Cnattingius S, Haglund B. Does the increased risk of preterm delivery in teenagers persist in pregnancies after the teenage period? BJOG 2001;108:721–5. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00182.x

Abstract: Brachial plexopathies presents with symptoms that are difficult to diagnose because of complex anatomy and variety of lesions. Precise diagnosis is imperative for prognostic, surgical, and rehabilitative purposes. MRI having excellent multiplanar imaging capability and contrast resolution plays promising role in its evaluation. The present study was conducted with 30 patients clinically suspected of brachial plexopathies, selected and scanned using 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Out of 30 patients, 18 (60%) were traumatic and 12 (40%) were non traumatic lesions. Amongst traumatic, post-ganglionic injuries (70%) were common than pre-ganglionic (30%). Stretch injury (66.6%) was most common traumatic lesion, followed by root avulsion and psuedomeningocele in (22%) cases. Secondary tumors in 5 cases (41.6%) were most common cause of non- traumatic lesions, followed by primary tumors in 3 cases (25%). MRI is valuable in identifying, localizing, differentiating and characterizing various lesions which is critical for decision making and surgical planning.

Keywords: Brachial plexus, MRI , peripheral nervous system, Neuropraxic injury

[1]. Gerevini S, Mandelli C, Cadioli M, Scotti G. Diagnostic value and surgical implications of the magnetic resonance imaging in the management of adult patients with brachial plexus pathologies. Surg Radiol Anat 2008;30:91-101.
[2]. Bowen BC, Pattany PM, Saraf-Lavi E, Maravilla KR. The brachial plexus: Normal anatomy, pathology, and MR imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2004;14:59-85.
[3]. Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, Tajiri Y, Yoshioka N, Masumoto T, et al. Brachial Plexus Injury: Clinical Manifestations, Conventional Imaging Findings, and the latest imaging techniques. RadioGraphics 2005;26:S133-43
[4]. Wittenberg KH, Adkins MC. MR Imaging of Nontraumatic Brachial Plexopathies: Frequency and Spectrum of Findings. Radio Graphics 2000;20:1023-32.
[5]. Addar AM, Al-Sayed AA; Update and review on the basics of brachial plexus imaging. Medical Imaging and Radiology, 2014; 2(1), 1.

Abstract: Aims and objectives of study: In our study we aim to analyze effectiveness of dynamic ultrasound of shoulder compare to MRI in diagnosis of rotator cuff injury. Shoulder ultrasound is increasingly utilized in hospital now days. It is noninvasive and there is no side effect. Dynamic ultrasound allows visualizing every tendon and giving real time assessment of each tendon. Shoulder ultrasound is operator dependent and long learning curve is its limitation. Methods and materials: The study was conducted in tertiary care multispecialty hospital. The study included 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of shoulder pain due to rotator cuff injury from period of Dec 2020 to September2021.Human ethical committee approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee. USG and non-enhanced MRI was done in all patient...........

Key Words: MRI, Dynamic Ultrasound, Shoulder, Rotator cuff Tear.

[1]. Singh, S., Gill, S., Mohammad, F., Kumar, S., Kumar, D., & Kumar, S. (2017).
[2]. Prevalence of shoulder disorders in tertiary care centre. International Journal of R es e a r c h i n M e d i c a l S c i e n c e s , 3 ( 4 ) , 9 1 7 - 9 2 0 . R e t r i e v e d f r om https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/view/1407
[3]. TEEFEY, S., RUBIN, D., MIDDLETON, W., HILDEBOLT, C., LEIBOLD, R. and YAMAGUCHI, K. (2004). DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ROTATOR
[4]. CUFF TEARS. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 86(4), pp.708-716.
[5]. Jacobson, J., Lancaster, S., Prasad, A., van Holsbeeck, M., Craig, J. and Kolowich, P.(2004). Full-Thickness and Partial-Thickness Supraspinatus Tendon Tears: Value of US Signs in Diagnosis. Radiology, 230(1), pp.234-242.

Abstract: Background: Road traffic accidents are events of human tragedy that involves at least one moving vehicle and result in injury or death of one or more individuals. Road traffic accidents account for a major proportion of human suffering all over the world. Ocular injuries contribute to major part of trauma in road traffic accidents. Trauma to eye can cause severe and permanent visual impairement owing to its delicate and complex architecture. Ocular trauma due to road traffic accidents resulting in visual loss create enormous effects both to the victim and to the society. Ocular involvement may include eyelids, lacrimal canaliculi, orbital wall, periorbital structures, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, extraocular muscles..........

Keywords: Road traffic accidents; injury; Ecchymosis; Lid laceration; Orbital fractures

[1]. Guly CM, Guly HR et al. Ocular injuries in patients with Major trauma. Emergency Med Journal. 23: 915-917.
[2]. Supriya Satish Patil, Kakade RV et al. Pattern of road traffic injuries: A study from Western Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Community Medicine. 2008; 33: (1): 56-57.
[3]. Puzari BS, Das RK, Pegu I. A study on ocular injuries following road traffic accidents. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:627-30.
[4]. Panagiotidis D, Theodossiadis P, Pelsias CB. Ocular injuries secondary to motor vehicle accidents Eur J Ophthalmol. 2004;14(2):144-8.
[5]. Kamath SJ, Kamath MG, Kamath MM, Pai SG, Chhablani J, Chowdary S. A study of orbital fractures in a tertiary health care center. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. 2007 Jul 17;6(1).

Abstract: Background: Malnutrition is common in pediatric age group and is responsible for high morbidity, mortality and serious long-term sequelae. A nutritional therapy along with rehabilitation is very Important aspect of its management. Nutritional rehabilitation centres (NRC) have been introduced in India to manage SAM Aims: To assess the clinical profile of SAM in children aged in children and the evaluation of clinical outcome of the children admitted in NRC
Methods: A retrospective study based on the data of case records of the children aged 1 to 59 months admitted with SAM in the NRC, Department of Pediatrics, Gauhati Medical College Hospital. The children were admitted between 1st January 2019 to 31st July 2020 were included in the study.........

Keywords: Rehabilatation centres, Malnutrition, Weight gain, Immunisation.

[1]. National Family Health Survey-5, India Fact Sheet, 2019-20, International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai.2021. Available at National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) (rchiips.org).
[2]. National Family Health Survey-5, Assam , 2019-20, International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai.
[3]. National Family Health Survey-4, India Fact Sheet, 2015-16, International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai. Available at http://rchiips.org/nfhs/nfhs4.shtml.
[4]. Government of Madhya Pradesh. Manual for facility based management of severly malnourished children in Madhya Pradesh. 2011.Bhopal, India: Department of Health and family Welfare
[5]. Ashraf S, Javed MT, Abbas N, Aysha H et al: Malnutrition in diseased children with reference to age, sex, socioeconomic status and area of living; Int Jour Agri Biol. 2001; 3(4):419-422.
[6]. Aneja B, Singh P, Tandon M, Pathak P et al: Etiologiocal factors of malnutrition among infants in two urban slums in Delhi; Ind Pediatrics, 2001: 38(2); 160-165

Abstract: Background: Acute intestinal obstruction is an emergency condition with an estimated 2-8% of the cases presenting at emergency room. Surgical intervention is preferred when the clinical signs do not resolve with medical management alone or when there is evidence suspicious of vascular compromise of bowel or hemodynamic instability of the patient. Elevated levels of lactate in venous blood has been considered as one of the markers for acute intestinal ischemia. Materials and Methods: The material for the study is taken from the cases admitted in the emergency ward in the Department of General Surgery, GMKMCH, Salem with clinical diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction. Between October 2018 and October 2020, 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction were recruited...........

Key Words: Acute Intestinal Obstruction, Serum Lactate Level, Early Total Care. Damage Control surgery.

[1]. Ten Broek RP, Issa Y, van Santbrink EJ, et al. Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5588. [2]. Taylor MR, Lalani N. Adult small bowel obstruction. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(6):528–544.
[3]. Miller G, Boman J, Shrier I, Gordon PH. Etiology of small bowel obstruction. Am J Surg. 2000;180(1):33–36. [4]. Barmparas G, Branco BC, Schnüriger B, Lam L, Inaba K, Demetriades D. The incidence and risk factors of post-laparotomy adhesive small bowel obstruction. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(10):1619–1628. [5]. Jackson, P., & Cruz, M. V. (2018). Intestinal obstruction: evaluation and management. American family physician, 98(6), 362-367.

Abstract: � Liver abscess is a common condition in India. India has 2nd highest incidence of liver abscess in the world. Liver abscesses are caused by bacterial, parasitic or fungal infection.
� Pyogenic abscesses account for three quarters of hepatic abscess in developed countries and are caused due to diseases of the biliary tract, haematogenous spread and direct extension. While amoebic liver abscess cause two third of liver abscess in developing countries2. Cryptogenic abscess ,with unknown etiology still account for 20% of pyogenic liver abscess,

[1]. Ochsner A, DeBakey M, Murray S. Pyogenic Abscess of the Liver II. An Analysis of Forty-Seven Cases with Review of the Literature. Am J Surg. 1938;XL:292-319.
[2]. Kapoor OP. Amoebic liver abscess, 1st eds, SS Publishers, Bombay, 1999.
[3]. Davis A, Pawloski ZS. Amoeblasis and its control : A WHO meeting. Bulletin of WHO 1985; 63: 417-426.
[4]. Vaidya A, Ray D. Amoebiasis : The tropical scourge. Science Today 1982; 16(8): 21-26.
[5]. Martinez Baez M. Biology of Entamoeba histolytica : Human parasitic diseases. 1986; 12(2): 12 43.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019),caused by SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2), is first reported in Wuhan,China1.WHO declared coronavirus disease as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020.COVID-19 and has become a global pandemic2.It is important to know about COVID impact on pregnant women. AIM: To assess the Impact of COVID 19 in maternal and fetal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case control study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Gandhi hospital, Secunderabad,Telangana,India.Studied medical records of 500 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID 19 and1000 non COVID pregnant women who delivered between February 2021 and May 2021......

KEYWORDS: COVID-19, NON COVID, MATERNAL OUTCOME,FETAL OUTCOME, CO MORBDITIES,

[1]. Bachani S, Arora R, Dabral A, Marwah S, Anand P, Reddy KS, Gupta N, Singh B. Clinical Profile, Viral Load, Maternal-Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy With COVID-19: 4-Week Retrospective, Tertiary Care Single-Centre Descriptive Study. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021 Apr;43(4):474-482. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.09.021. Epub 2020 Oct 28. PMID: 33349556; PMCI
[2]. Chakraborty I, Maity P. COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment, and prevention. Science of the Total Environment, 2020Apr 22:138882.
[3]. Hapshy V, Aziz D, Kahar P, Khanna D, Johnson KE, Parmar MS. COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Risk, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment [published online ahead of print, 2021 Apr 21]. SN Compr Clin Med. 2021;1-7. doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00915-2.
[4]. Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [GoogleScholar]doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004012PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref.
[5]. Yan J, Guo J, Fan C. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet