iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by multiple hormonal imbalances, reflecting on a clinical presentation dominated by manifestations of hyperandrogenism, which generate short and long-term consequences on female health [A1]. Among these, infertility is one of the most alarming associated morbidities, as it currently affects approximately 48.5 million women aged 20–44 years [A2], with PCOS accounting for 6–15% of these cases [A3], although up to 70% of women with PCOS may be undiagnosed [A4].

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Abstract: Background ; Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates and infants. It is characterized by over-inflation of one or more lung lobes which is due to localized air trapping that compresses the ipsilateral and contralateral normal lungs. Material & methods; Four cases are reported over a period of 2 years. Clinical and morphological data are collected. Results ; Four cases in neonates from 45 days to 6 months. Not associated with any syndromes or other anomalies. Not associated with family history. Conclusion : Very rare disease, can be corrected by surgery.

Key words; Emphysema, Congenital

[1]. Essam Elbadry Hashim Mohamed , Ayman Mohamed Mohamed Abdel Ghaffar , Khaled Mohamed Abdel-Aal, Abdelhady Ahmed Helmy, Mostafa Ashry .Surgical management of congenital lobar emphysema: A 15 years experience in a tertiary thoracic surgery unit Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 2018 ; vol26:308-317.
[2]. Timothy Andrew Walsh,1 Krishna Revanna Gopagondanahalli,1 and Atul Malhotra1, Williams-Beuren Syndrome and Congenital Lobar Emphysema: Uncommon Association with Common Pathology? Case Reports in Pediatrics 2017,https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3480980.
[3]. Irum Latif, Samina Shamim, Shah Ali. congenital lobar emphysema.-Case Report. JPMA 2016;vo(l66):210-212
[4]. Meletios Kanakis, Konstantinos Petsios, Dimitrios Bobos, Kosmas Sarafidis,Stefanos Nikopoulos, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Achilleas Lioulias,and Nicholas Giannopoulos1eft Upper Lobectomy for Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Low Weight Infant. Case Reports in Surgery 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4182741
[5]. Omer Faruk Demir1 Melih Hangul2 Mehmet Kose. Congenital lobar emphysema: diagnosis and treatment options. international Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2019;14 :921–928.

Abstract: Objectifs : L'objectif est de faire l'état des lieux du dépistage des lésions précancéreuses du col de l'utérus au CHUME-FJE en 2020 Patientes et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, descriptive, sur une période de 12 mois allant de janvier à Décembre 2020. Elle a porté sur des femmes ayant consulté pour dépistage des lésions précancéreuses du col de l'utérus dans le service des consultations externes de gynécologie obstétrique du CHUME-FJE. Les informations recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel EPIINFO 7.2 Résultats : Au cours de cette période, 602 dossiers ont été retenus. Parmi ces femmes, 392 (65,1%) femmes avaient été dépistées durant le mois d'octobre correspondant à la période de la campagne de sensibilisation contre les cancers du sein et du col utérin......

Key word: Dépistage- lésions précancéreuses- mobilisation- diagnostic tardif

[1]. Global cancer statistics 2018. Estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer Journal for clinicians 2018; 68(6):394-424.
[2]. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.Int J Cancer 2015;136 :359–386.
[3]. Mukalisa I, Bindler R, Allen C, et al. Cervical Cancer in Developing Countries: Effective Screening and Preventive Strategies with an Application in Rwanda. Health Care for Women International 2014; 35:1065-1080.
[4]. Some OR, Zongo N, Wardinini R, et al. Dépistage de masse par frottis cervico-vaginal: expérience africaine. GYOBFE 2016:1- 5.
[5]. Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2013; 2 :1-35.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has significant impact on health care delivery system across the globe. It has been reported that hospital admissions due to ACS declined significantly in western world, suggesting less hospital visits by patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, data regarding the effect of this pandemic and its impact at the level of health sector of Indian cardiovascular diseases are meagre. AIM: Aim of the study is to analyse the impact of this pandemic on presentation and outcomes of ACS patients during this pandemic and to compare the effect of increasing pandemic on this population. METHODS: Our study is a Retrospective, comparative study done at Apollo hospitals, Visakhapatnam. Patients presented to our centre with ACS from 1st March2020 to 31st August 2020 were included in the study. The population was divided into two groups based on the number of reported COVID patients in the community. The first group (Group-1) comprised of the patients presented to our hospital from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2020......

Key words: acute coronary syndrome, STEMI, COVID-19, pandemic.

[1]. Saglietto A, D'Ascenzo F, Zoccai GB, De Ferrari GM. COVID-19 in Europe: the Italian lesson. Lancet 2020;395:1110-1.
[2]. Wilbert-Lampen U, Leistner D, Greven S et al. Cardiovascular events during world cup soccer. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:475–483. https ://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMo a0707427.
[3]. Hagihara A, Onozuka D, Hasegawa M et al (2018) Grand sumo tournaments and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Tokyo. J Am Heart Assoc 7:1–7. https ://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.009163.
[4]. Metzler B, Siostrzonek P, Binder RK et al. Decline of acute coronary syndrome admissions in Austria since the outbreak of COVID-19: the pandemic response causes cardiac collateral damage. Eur Heart J. 2020. https ://doi.org/10.1093/eurhe artj/ehaa3 14.
[5]. Garcia S, Albaghdadi MS, Meraj PM et al (2020) Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020, 75; 22.

Abstract: Background: Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) is an uncommon diagnosis in children that can lead to significant morbidity. In resource limited setting, management of affected patients can be quite challenging. We present a case of IPH in a 3-yr old girl, highlighting some of the challenges in the diagnosis and management of the patient. Case Report: HR, a 3-year-old girl presented with recurrent breathlessness, cough and body swelling since the age of 3 months. She was referred for further evaluation on account of persistent symptoms despite treatment for bronchopneumonia and 2 months course of anti-tuberculous drugs.........

[1]. Park MK. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners, 5th ed. Philadelpia: Mosby publishers; 2007. P 485-98.
[2]. Erika BR, Barst RJ. Clinical management of patients with pulmonary hypertension. In: Allen H D, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF (Editors). Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Including the Fetus and Young Adults. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2008.
[3]. Ivy DD, Abman SH, Barst RJ, Berger RMF, Bonnet D, Fleming TR. et al. Paediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Col Cardio. 2013; 62(25): 117-26.
[4]. Haworth SG, Hislop AA. Treatment and survival in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the UK Pulmonary Hypertension Service for Children 2001-2006. Heart 2009; 95:312-7.
[5]. Beghetti M, Lador F. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. Editorial. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2015; 3(105): 1-2. www.frontiersin.org

Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the world. Although there are minimal microbiological and antibiotic data on COVID-19, bacterial co-infections have been related to poor outcomes in respiratory viral infections. Adequate antibiotic use in conformity with antibiotic stewardship (ABS) recommendations is necessary during the pandemic. Material and procedure: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of 140 adult hospitalised patients (ages 17–99) with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted between February 16, 2021, and April 22, 2021, and who were discharged on May 6, 2021. From 140 COVID-19 participants, the following clinical data........

Keywords: COVID-19, Antibiotic stewardship, Bacterial co-infections, Diagnostic stewardship

[1]. ZhaoL et al. Genomiccharacterisationandepidemiologyof2019novelcoronavirus:implicationsforvirusoriginsandreceptorbinding.Lancet(London,England) 2020; 395(10224): 565–574.
[2]. Wang Z et al. Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71(51): 769–777.
[3]. CevikM. COVID-19 pandemic - a focusedreviewforclinicians.ClinMicrobiolInfect. 2020;86:842-847.
[4]. WHO. Clinicalmanagementofsevereacuterespiratoryin- fection(SARI)whenCOVID-19diseaseissuspected.Interimguidance 2020(3):4-12.
[5]. GuanWJ et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N EnglJ Med 2020;382(18):1708–1720.

Abstract: Background: With the advent of the Doppler study the assessment of maternal & fetoplacental circulation has reduced maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The information on the placental resistance was obtained from the uteroplacental and fetoplacental circulation and Doppler waveform analysis could assess the fetal circulation non-invasively using the fetal response to hypoxia. So it is possible to identify high risk fetuses that were at increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to impaired maternal and fetal circulations and implement corrective measures.This study determines the role of Umbilical artery, Uterine Artery and Middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes in suspected high risk pregnancies and to focus on the role of Doppler velocimetry in clinical management of high-risk pregnancies......

KEYWORDS: Doppler waveform ;Uterine artery;Umbilical artery;Middle cerebral artery; Perinatal outcome .

[1]. Urmila S, Beena B. Triple vessel wave pattern by Doppler studies in normal and high risk pregnancies and perinatal outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2010;60(4):312-316.
[2]. Zha C., Li J., Li X. Pulsatility indices of fetal middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery for predicting intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 1996;31:345–347.
[3]. Sieroszewski P.,Guzowski G.,Sosnowski.,et al.The usefulness of uterine artery doppler velocimetry in high risk pregnancy diagnostic (PIH and/or IUGR) Ginekol Pol. 2005;76:342–347.
[4]. Karsdorp V.H., Vugt J.M., Geijn H.P., et al. Clinical significance of absent or reversed end diastolic velocity waveforms in umbilical artery. Lancet. 1994;344:1664–1668. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(94)90457-X.
[5]. Pai MV. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in women with normal pregnancy, PIH and IUGR. OGS and Gynec today 2001;6(a):668- 670

Abstract: Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with increased mobidity and mortality. Raised serum ferritin levels reflects the increased body iron stores and is often associated with insulin resistance and increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes. Objective: The study aims at estimation and comparison of FBG ,PPBG,HbA1c and serum ferritin in Type 2 diabetics and controls and establish a relationship between FBG,PPBG,HbA1c with serum ferritin. Material and methods: A total of 100 subjects were included in the study 50 controls and 50 patients with Type 2 diabetes.......

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes ,FBG(Fasting blood glucose) ,PPBG(Postprandial blood glucose) HbA1c,serum ferritin.

[1]. Braunwald M, Fauci. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Harrison's principles of internal medicine.15th Ed. Mc Graw Hill 2001. p. 3341-4.
[2]. Ghazanfari Z, Haghdoost SA, and Mohammad A (2010): Comparison of HbA1c and Fasting Blood Sugar Tests in General Population. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1 (3): 187-94.
[3]. Adeghate E, Schattner P, and Dunn E (2006): An update on the etiology and epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. Ann N Y Acad. Sci., 1084: 1–29.
[4]. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2013:6th edn.Chapter-2.1; 34.
[5]. Ramachadran A, Snehalatha C, Yamuna A, Mary S, Ping Z. Cost effectiveness of the Interventions in the Primary Prevention of Diabetes Among Asian Indians. Within-trial results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP). Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(10): 2548-2552.

Abstract: A fistula is defined as an abnormal connection between two structures or organs or between an organ and the surface of the body. In the case of perianal fistula, it is a connection between the anal canal and the skin of the perineum. It predominantly affects young males, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The most common presenting symptom is discharge , but local pain due to inflammation is also common . Although imaging techniques played a limited role in evaluation of perianal fistulas in the past, it is now increasingly recognized that imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance (MR) imaging play a crucial role........

Keywords: Perianal fistula , Abscess drainage , Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging

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Abstract: The behavior of general public in Tiruvallur district will likely to have an effect on how the Covid 19 disease spreads. Covid 19 is the dreadful pandemic that has its spread worldwide. This study is aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness among the general population in Tiruvallur district. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 370 persons in Tiruvallur district. A questionnaire survey has been used to collect the data which comprises of 15 questions among persons of various age groups. An online survey was conducted using "Google forms". The questionnaire was distributed using online platform and the data has been recorded........

Keywords: COVID, AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE

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Abstract: Fractures of the subtrochanteric femur are common and the treatment of unstable fractures generally requires an operative approach. Despite the advancement of several fixation devices, treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures remains a challenge. This study aims to find the efficacy of the Reverse LISS Plate for unstable subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Materials and methods The study was carried under the department of Orthopedics, SRG hospital and medical college, Jhalawar during the period of June 2019 to December 2020 including 20 patients with unstable proximal femur fractures treated with reverse LISS plating system.......

Keywords: Subtrochanteric femur fractures, Reverse LISS, Modified Harris hip score.

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