iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2024

Abstract: Sickle cell disease(SCD) is a genetic condition of the hemoglobin synthesis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, whose prevalence can vary from 5 to 25% in the different parts of the world. It is characterised by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin HbS instead of hemoglobin A. Patients suffering from major forms of SCD present the risk of developing epiphyseal necrosis. Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AOFH) caused by ischemia, or bone infarction can affect between 20 and 50% of SCD patients. AOFH have been diagnosed at an early radiological stage in young adults whose average age varies, between 27-36 years. It is estimated that approx. 25-30 % of SCD patients will undergo total hip arthroplasty before 50 years. Gynecological challenges faced by adolescent girls are delayed puberty (late onset menarche), vaso-occlusive pain associated with their menstrual cycle and underdiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding.

Key words : Osteonecrosis, Sickle cell disease, Total hip arthroplasty, abnormal uterine bleeding.

[1]. Rees Dc, Williams Tn, Gladwin Mt. Sickle-Cell Disease. Lancet. 2010;376:2018–31.
[2]. Booth C, Inusa B, Obaro Sk. Infection In Sickle Cell Disease: A Review. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:E2–E12.
[3]. Royal College Of Obstetricians And Gynaecologists. Management Of Sickle Cell Disease In Pregnancy. Green-Top Guideline No. 61. 2011. [Cited 2021 Jul 8]
[4]. Desai Dv, Hiren D; Sickle Cell Disease. History And Origin. The Internet Journal Of Hematology, 2004; 1(2).
[5]. Kumar S, Powars D, Haywood Ij; Anxiety, Self Concept And Personal And Social Adjustment In Childern With Sickle Cell Anemia J.Pediatr,1976;88: 859..

Abstract: A dental impression is an essential part of dentistry.. In order to reduce the inaccuracy with traditional impression technique and material.Computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has been introduced in dentistry which resulted in more accurate manufacturing of prosthetic frameworks, and greater accuracy of dental restoration. (2). From the 1980s, CAD/CAM technology has been utilized in dentistry to create implants, crowns, laminates, inlay and onlay fillings, fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), and laminates(3).The combination of IOS and CAD/CAM have provided ease for laboratory communication.....

[1]. Aakanksha Mahesh Dalal, Samruddhi Rathi, Mithelesh Dhamande, Digital Impressions In Dentistry, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2022, 10 (7): 076-081.
[2]. Yuzbasioglu E, Kurt H, Turunc R, Bilir H. Comparison Of Digital And Conventional Impression Techniques: Evaluation Of Patients' Perception, Treatment Comfort, Effectiveness And Clinical Outcomes. Bmc Oral Health. 2014 Jan 30;14:10. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-10. Pmid: 24479892; Pmcid: Pmc3913616.
[3]. Ting-Shu S, Jian S. Intraoral Digital Impression Technique: A Review. J Prosthodont. 2015 Jun; 24(4):313-21. Doi: 10.1111/Jopr.12218. Epub 2014 Sep 14. Pmid: 25220390.
[4]. Ahlholm P, Sipilä K, Vallittu P, Jakonen M, Kotiranta U. Digital Versus Conventional Impressions In Fixed Prosthodontics: A Review. J Prosthodont. 2018 Jan; 27(1):35-41. Doi: 10.1111/Jopr.12527. Epub 2016 Aug 2. Pmid: 27483210.
[5]. Guerini V. A History Of Dentistry; 1909. P. 305–306..

Abstract: Background: Anchorage control is one of the crucial aspects of orthodontic treatment planning and outcomes. Preservation of anchorage is practically tough in many clinical scenarios especially during en masse retraction. Diverse techniques and devices to reinforce anchorage have been proposed. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different types of mini implant types according to insertion site, namely the interradicular mini.....

Keywords: Infra-zygomatic crest mini-implant, Inter-radicular mini-implant, Anchorage, En-masse retraction of anteriors

[1]. Willams R, Hosila Rj. The Effects Of Different Extraction Sites Upon Incisor Retraction. Am J Orthod. 1976; 69:388-410
[2]. Creekmore Td. Where The Teeth Should Be Positioned In The Face And Jaws And How To Get Them There. J Clin Orthod. 1997; 31:586-608.
[3]. Clemmer Ej, Hayes Ew. Patient Cooperation In Wearing Headgear. Am J Orthod. 1979; 75:517-524.
[4]. Holland Gn, Wallace Da, Mondino Bj, Et Al. Severe Ocular Injuries From Orthodontic Headgear. Arch Ophthalmol.1985;103:649-651
[5]. Heo W, Nahm Ds, Baek Sh. En- Masse Retraction And Two-Step Retraction Of Maxillary Anterior Teeth In Adult Class Iwomen. Angle Orthod. 2007; 77:973-978

Abstract: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition related to an isolated dural sinus occlusion or a cortical vein occlusion.We conducted a descriptive retrospective study over a period of 8 years where we collected 250 patients. The results were in favour of a clear female predominance with an average age of 37 years. ICH syndrome was the most predominant symptom and the superior longitudinal sinus was the most affected vessel. CVT is a condition whose diagnosis and management must be early and rapid.

Keywords: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, intracranial hypertension syndrome (IHS), contraception, anticoagulants

[1]. Zahira Bb, Sifi K, Bouchedjera Y, Et Al. Caractéristiques Cliniques Et Profil Evolutif Des Thromboses Veineuses Cérébrales Au Service De Neurologie Du Chu Tlemcen: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Clinical Features, Outcomes And Prognosis In Neurology Department Of Tlemcen Hospital. Journal De La Faculté De Médecine D Oran. 2019;3(2). Doi:10.51782/Jfmo.V3i2.87
[2]. Alamri As, Almuaigel Mf, Azra Z, Alshamrani Fj, Almohish Nm, Alsheikh Mh. Clinical Presentations, Radiological Characteristics, And Biological Risk Factors Of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis At A University Hospital In Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2021;42(2):213-218. Doi:10.15537/Smj.2021.2.25667
[3]. Ferro Jm, Bousser Mg, Canhão P, Et Al. European Stroke Organization Guideline For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis - Endorsed By The European Academy Of Neurology. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(10):1203-1213. Doi:10.1111/Ene.13381
[4]. Lebas A, Chabrier S, Tardieu M, Kossorotoff M. Traitement Anticoagulant Des Thromboses Veineuses Cérébrales De L'enfant Et Du Nouveau-Né. Les Recommandations De La Société Française De Neurologie Pédiatrique (Sfnp). Archives De Pédiatrie. 2011;18(4):446-458. Doi:10.1016/J.Arcped.2011.01.017
[5]. Richard S. Les Thromboses Veineuses Cérébrales: Etiologies, Facteurs De Risque, Stratégie Diagnostique, Pronostic Et Evolution Vers Les Fistules Artério-Veineuses Durales Etude Rétrospective De 52 Cas.

Abstract: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the leading cause of acute extensive paralysis since the eradication of acute anterior poliomyelitis (1). A precise and repeated neurological examination often confirms the diagnosis. It is an evolving polyradiculoneuropathy that can lead to death. The diagnosis is not always straightforward, even in its classic form, especially early in the disease when the symptoms may be incomplete. It is not uncommon for patients to make multiple visits to the emergency department before the diagnosis is considered (2). The objective of our study is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic profile of polyradiculoneuropathies in order to identify patients at risk of developing acute respiratory failure and provide them with prompt and adequate management.

Keywords: GBS, MRC score, electromyography, plasma exchange, immunoglobulin

[1]. Historique Syndrome De Guillain-Barré : Jacques Philippon Membre De L'académie Nationale De Médecine Reçu Le 12 Mai 2016, Disponible En Ligne Le 19 Juin 2019, Version Du Dossier 19 Juin 2019 Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0001-4079(19)30651-X
[2]. Que Peut-On Attendre De L'enmg Devant Une Polyradiculonévrite Aigue ? What Can Be Expected From Enmg In Acute Polyradiculoneuritis A.-M. Grapperon A, J. Gallard A, K. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Praneu.2022.10.004
[3]. Landry O. Note Sur La Paralysie Ascendante Aiguë. Gazette Hebdomadaire Méd Chir 1859 ; 6: 472-4–486-8.
Https://Doi.Org/10.2169/Naika.91.2443
[4]. Pearce Jm. Octave Landry Is Ascending Paralysis And The Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl Syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997 May; 62 (5): 495-500. Https://Doi.Org/10.1136%2fjnnp.62.5.495
[5]. Guillain G, Barré J, Strohl A. Sur Un Syndrome De Radiculo-Névrite Avec Hyperalbuminose Du Liquide Céphalorachidien Sans Réaction Cellulaire. Remarques Sur Les Caractères Cliniques Et Graphiques Des Réflexes Tendineux. Bull Soc Med Hop Paris 1916; 28: 1462-70 Https://Doi.Org/10.2169/Naika.91.2362

Abstract: Hematological disorders are a rare cause of stroke, and they are the subject of publications, but they are rarely investigated after a stroke due to the high cost of paraclinical investigations, the cost-effectiveness of which remains to be defined. They account for less than one percent of ischemic stroke etiologies. The most commonly implicated mechanism is hyperviscosity, usually associated with polycythemia, thrombocytosis, or paraproteinemia.....

Keywords: Ischemic stroke • Hematological pathology • Sickle cell disease • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria • Hyperhomocysteinemia

[1]. Blohorn A, Guegan-Massardier E, Triquenot A Et Al. (2001). Antiphospholipid Antibodies In The Acute Phase Of Cerebral Ischaemia In Young Adults: A Descriptive Study Of 139 Patients. Cerebrovascdis, 13: 156-162.
[2]. Arboix A, Besses C. (1997). Cerebrovascular Disease As The Initial Clinical Presentation Of Haematological Disorders. Eurneurol, 37: 207-211.
[3]. Hillmen P, Muus P, Duhrsen U, Risitano Am, Schubert J, Luzzatto L, Et Al. Effect Of The Complement Inhibitor Eculizumab On Thromboembolism In Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Blood 2007;110:4123–8.
[4]. Brodsky Ra, Young Ns, Antonioli E, Risitano Am, Schrezenmeier H, Schubert J, Et Al. Multicenter Phase 3 Study Of The Complement Inhibitor Eculizumab For The Treatment Of Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Blood 2008;111:1840–7.
[5]. Yaster M, Tobin Jr, Billett C, Casella Jf, Dover G. Epidural Analgesia In The Management Of Severe Vaso-Occlusive Sickle Cell Crisis. Pediatrics1994 ; 93 : 310-315

Abstract: Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) significantly improves clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke, but the clinical benefit of this treatment rapidly declines with the passing of time. Still, the time from hospital admission to treatment, the door-to-needle time (DNT) is often delayed for avoidable reasons. Methods: A neurovascular network has been set up with the collaboration of all the specialists involved in the management of strokes. A retrospective study including all patients with recent ischemic stroke treated with Alteplase IV (tissue plasminogen activator [RT-PA]) were enrolled in the stroke thrombolysis registry of the EHU of Oran.....

Keywords: Sector, Stroke, Thrombolysis, DNT

[1]. Gbd 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, Regional, And National Burden Of Stroke And Its Risk Factors, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 ;20(10) :795-820. Doi :10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0.
[2]. Emberson J, Lees Kr, Lyden P, Blackwell L, Albers G, Bluhmki E, Et Al: Effect Of Treatment Delay, Age, And Stroke Severity On The Effects Of Intravenous Thrombolysis With Alteplase For Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis Of Individual Patient Data From Randomised Trials. Lancet 2014; 384: 1929–1935.Doi.Org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60584-5.
[3]. Köhrmann M, Schellinger Pd, Breuer L, Dohrn M, Kuramatsu Jb, Blinzler C, Et Al: Avoiding In Hospital Delays And Eliminating The Three-Hour Effect In Thrombolysis For Stroke. Int J Stroke 2011; 6: 493–497.Doi.Org/10.1159/000432405.
[4]. Fonarow Gc, Zhao X, Smith Ee, Saver Jl, Reeves Mj, Bhatt Dl, Et Al: Door-To-Needle Times For Tissue Plasminogen Activator Administration And Clinical Outcomes In Acute Ischemic Stroke Before And After A Quality Improvement Initiative. Jama 2014; 311: 1632–1640. Doi.Org/10.1161/Strokeaha.115.008974
[5]. Powers, William J., Et Al. "Guidelines For The Early Management Of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update To The 2018 Guidelines For The Early Management Of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline For Healthcare Professionals From The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association." Stroke 50.12 (2019): E344-E418. Doi.Org/10.1161/Strokeaha.119.027708

Abstract: Copper deficiency myeloneuropathy is a rare condition. It is constantly associated with hematological manifestations. Some acquired etiologies are well individualized (gastric surgery, malabsorption, excessive zinc ingestion). We report the observation of a 29-year-old woman with a history of unexplored intermittent pain, who presented with paraplegia, tingling and urinary incontinence, slowly progressively worsening. The clinical examination.....

[1]. Copper Deficiency Myelopathy Produces A Clinical Picture Like Subacute Combined Degeneration ,Neeraj Kumar, John B. Gross, J. Eric Ahlskog Neurology Jul 2004, 63 (1) 33-39; Doi: 10.1212/01.Wnl.0000132644.52613.Fa
[2]. Acquired Copper Deficiency Myelopathy;Revue Neurologique Volume 166, Issues 6–7, June–July 2010, Pages 639-643.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Neurol.2009.10.017
[3]. Madsen, Erik; Gitlin, Jonathan D. Copper Deficiency. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology 23(2):P 187-192, March 2007. | Doi: 10.1097/Mog.0b013e32801421bb
[4]. Maladies Métaboliques - Myélo-Myélo : Une Autre Facette De La Pathologie Du Cuivre –Doi:Rn-04-2007-163-Sup4-0035-3787-101019-200701368.Https://Www.Em Consulte.Com/Article/106048/Maladies-Metaboliques-Myelo-Myelo%C2%A0-Une-Autre-Face.
[5]. La Carence En Cuivre Chez Les Ruminants Domestiques De La Région D'awash (Ethiopie). 1. Teneur En Cuivre Plasmatique Et En Céruloplasmine Du Plasma Des Ovins, Caprins, Bovins Et Camelins De La

Abstract: Universal alopecia represents the most severe form of alopecia areata, an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting hair follicles and causing hair and/or body hair loss. It involves both total scalp baldness and depilation of all body hair. This rare condition has a prevalence ranging from 1 to 5 per 10,000 individuals. While it tends to affect genetically predisposed individuals, its exact causes remain relatively unknown, and its course is unpredictable......

Keywords: Alopecia, Quality of Life, Psychosocial Impact, Depression

[1]. Chelidze K, Lipner Sr. Nail Changes In Alopecia Areata: An Update And Review. Int J Dermatol. 2018; 57(7):776‑83.
[2]. Tabatabaei-Panah P-S, Moravvej H, Delpasand S, Jafari M, , And Al. Il12b And Il23r Polymorphisms Are Associated With Alopecia Areata. Genes Immun. 2020; 21(3) :203 10.
[3]. Pratt Ch, King Le, Messenger Ag, Christiano Am, Sundberg Jp. Alopecia Areata. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 2017;3:17011.
[4]. Conic Rz, Miller R, Piliang M, Bergfeld W, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N. Comorbidities In Patients With Alopecia Areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017; 76(4):755-757.
[5]. Reid Ee, Haley Ac, Borovicka Jh, Rademaker A, West Dp, Colavincenzo M And Al. Clinical Severity Does Not Reliably Predict Quality Of Life In Women With Alopecia Areata, Telogen Effluvium, Or Androgenic Alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2012; 66(3):E97-102

Abstract: Background: Psychotic disorders are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. According to studies, delusions can be present in up to 73% of patients, and hallucinations in over 30%. The average prevalence of identification disorders can reach 25.6% in Alzheimer's dementia, ranging from 38% to 78.3% in Lewy body and Parkinsonian dementias. The existence of these disorders significantly contributes to the reduction of the patient's well-being and places a burden on caregivers. Moreover, these disorders are associated with a faster progression of the dementia....

Keywords: Dementia, Delusion, Hallucination, Identification Disorders, Antipsychotic

[1]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed. Washington DC (USA): American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.
[2]. Ismail Z, Agüera-Ortiz L, Brodaty H, Cieslak A, Cummings J, Fischer CE, Et Al. The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C): A Rating Scale For Neuropsychiatric Symptoms In Pre-Dementia Populations. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56: 929-38.
[3]. Fischer CE And Al. Psychosis And Dementia:: Risk Factor , Prodrome, Or Cause? Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30: 209-19
[4]. Ropacki SA, Jeste DV. Epidemiology Of And Risk Factors For Psychosis Of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Of 55 Studies Published From 1990 To 2003. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 2022-30.
[5]. Reeves SJ, Gould RL, Powell JF, Howard RJ. Origins Of Delusions In Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bio Behav Rev 2012 ; 36 : 2274-87

Abstract: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibro-inflammatory condition affecting a wide range of organs. Elevation of serum IgG4 concentrations and abundant infiltration of IgG4-expressing plasma cells are the main diagnostic characteristics of this autoimmune disease. Salivary glands, pancreas and biliary tract are the organs commonly affected by IgG4 disease, but liver involvement is less well documented. Recently, 5 studies have identified a subtype of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), called IgG4-associated AIH (IgG4-HAI). IgG4-HAI is diagnosed on the basis of a significant accumulation of IgG4-expressing plasma cells in the liver in patients who met the diagnostic criteria for classical AIH [1]. We report here the case of a 70-year-old patient with newly discovered autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed on the basis of classical autoimmune hepatitis criteria and scores and with an elevated igg4 level, and marked igG4 positive plasma cell infiltration of the liver.

Keywords: Liver, auto immune hepatitis, IGG4 disease, IgG4-associated AIH.

[1] Minaga, Tomohiro Watanabe, Hobyung Chung, Masatoshi Kudo Autoimmune Hepatitis And Igg4-Related Disease Kosuke Department Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty Of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
[2] U. Christen And E. Hintermann, "Pathogens And Autoimmune Hepatitis," Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Vol. 195, No. 1, Pp. 35–51, 2019. [2] G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani, A. J. Czaja Et Al., "Autoimmune Hepatitis," Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Vol. 4, P. 18017, 2018
[3] Minaga, Tomohiro Watanabe, Hobyung Chung, Masatoshi Kudo Autoimmune Hepatitis And Igg4-Related Disease Kosuke Department Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty Of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
[4] Clémence Canivet. L'hépatite Auto-Immune À Immunoglobulines G4 : Une Nouvelle Entité Potentiellement Présente Dans Les Pays Occidentaux. Human Health And Pathology. 2015. Ffdumas-01490680f
[5] Umemura T, Zen Y, Hamano H Et Al. Hépatite Auto-Immune Associée Aux Igg4 : Un Diagnostic Différentiel De L'hépatite Auto-Immune Classique. Gut 2007 56:1471-2