iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2026

Abstract: Background: Serum creatinine is the most widely used biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) detection, but it is insensitive to early declines in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cystatin C, a low molecular weight protein filtered freely by the glomerulus, has emerged as a potentially superior early marker.
Objectives: To compare cystatin C and creatinine in the early detection of CKD and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cystatin.....

Key Word: Cystatin C, creatinine, chronic kidney disease, early detection, estimated GFR, biomarkers

[1]. Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, Et Al. Chronic Kidney Disease: Global Dimension And Perspectives. Lancet. 2013;382(9888):260–72.
[2].
Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, Levin A, Coresh J, Rossert J, Et Al. Definition And Classification Of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Position Statement From Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2005;67(6):2089–100.
[3]. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, Mcculloch CE, Hsu C-Y. Chronic Kidney Disease And The Risks Of Death, Cardiovascular Events, And Hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):1296–305.
[4]. London GM. Cardiovascular Disease In Chronic Renal Failure: Pathophysiologic Aspects. Semin Dial. 2003;16(2):85–94.
[5]. Myers GL, Miller WG, Coresh J, Fleming J, Greenberg N, Greene T, Et Al. Recommendations For Improving Serum Creatinine Measurement: A Report From The Laboratory Working Group Of The National Kidney Disease Education Program. Clin Chem. 2006;52(1):5–18.

Abstract: Tonsillectomies have been performed from the ancient times for tonsillar hypertrophy. They’ve been done time and again with minimal complications and very few contra-indications. One of these relative contra-indications would be coagulopathies- given the tendency for haemorrhage. Factor VII deficiency is one among those coagulopathies - a rare autosomal recessive factor haemorrhagic deficiency. Here we present a six year old child with factor 7 deficiency on whom......

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Abstract: Posterior capsular opacities are commonly encountered during cataract surgery and are usually seen as diffuse plaques. We report a rare intraoperative finding of multiple, uniformly distributed white dot opacities confined to the posterior capsule in a 55-year-old male undergoing phacoemulsification. The opacities extended up to the equator and were resistant to capsular polishing. Despite extensive involvement, the patient achieved good postoperative visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. This case is reported for its unusual morphology, distribution, and favorable visual outcome

Key Words – Posterior capsule, white dots, capsular opacity, cataract surgery

[1]. Vasavada AR, Raj SM, Shah GD, Nanavaty MA. Incidence And Management Of Posterior Capsule Plaques During Phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(11):1954–1958.
[2]. Apple DJ, Solomon KD, Tetz MR, Et Al.Posterior Capsule Opacification.Surv Ophthalmol. 1992;37(2):73–116.
[3]. Nishi O, Nishi K, Mano C, Ichihara M, Honda T.Lens Epithelial Cell Behavior And Posterior Capsule Opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23(3):350–356.
[4]. Kim SY, Yang JW, Park YH.Calcification Of The Posterior Capsule Following Cataract Surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(9):1539–1542.
[5]. Ram J, Apple DJ, Peng Q, Et Al.Update On Posterior Capsule Opacification. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2001;49(3):193–202

Abstract: In recent years, numerous studies have explored the quality of life (QoL) in those with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the current state of knowledge on QoL and its various associated factors among people with diabetes in India. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Medline) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A total of 41 articles....

Key Words – Diabetes; health-related quality of life; India; quality of life; scoping review

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Abstract: Background: Teeth with extensive decay that need endodontic treatment often lack sufficient support for a permanent restoration wherein intracanal post are utilized for core retention. Bond strength of the post to the root dentin varies depending....

[1]. Nivaskumar GA, Ranjini MA, Vedavathi B, Ambili C, Prathiksha SK. Effect Of Resveratrol Pretreatment Of Radicular Dentin On Immediate And Delayed Pushout Bond Strength Of Fiber Post Luted Using Self-Adhesive Resin Cement: An In Vitro Study. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2023 Sep-Oct;26(5):579-583.
[2]. Dax S, Abraham D. Need For An Alternative Method To Cement Fiber-Reinforced Posts - A Pushout Bond Strength Analysis. J Conserv Dent. 2020 May-Jun;23(3):240-243.
[3]. Habib SR, Ansari AS, Khan AS, Alamro NM, Alzaaqi MA, Alkhunefer YA, Alhelal AA, Alnassar TM, Alqahtani AS. Push-Out Bond Strength Of Endodontic Posts Cemented To Extracted Teeth: An In-Vitro Evaluation. Materials (Basel). 2022 Sep 30;15(19):6792.
[4]. Marinova-Takorova, Mirela & Radeva, Elka & Kisjova, Iva & Naseva, Emilia. (2018). Effectiveness Of Different Retreatment Techniques In The Removal Of Gutta-Percha Cones And Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealer In The Different Parts Of The Root Canal. Journal Of Medical And Dental Practice. 5. 713-723. 10.18044/Medinform.201851.713.
[5]. Kakoura F, Pantelidou O. Retreatability Of Root Canals Filled With Gutta Percha And A Novel Bioceramic Sealer: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Conserv Dent. 2018 Nov-Dec;21(6):632-636.

Abstract: Chest X-ray is the most commonly performed radiological procedure for visualizing the heart, lungs, and surrounding soft tissues, and effective radiation dose monitoring remains essential. This study assessed absorbed radiation dose in adult patients undergoing chest PA radiography using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeters across three centers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of 200 adults (≥18 years) referred for chest imaging were enrolled. OSL dosimeters were placed anteriorly and posteriorly to measure Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Exit Dose....

Key Words – Chest X-ray, Optical stimulated luminescence, Dosimeters, Entrance Surface Dose

[1]. Holmberg, O, Malone, Rehani, M, Mclean,D & Czarwinski, R. (2010).Current Issues And Actions In Radiation Protections. European Journal Of Radiology, 76, 15-19.
[2]. ICRP. (2007). International Commission On Radiological Protection Recommendation Of The ICRP. Annals Of The ICRP Publication 103, 37 (2-4).
[3]. Mckeever, S. W. S. (2011). Optically Stimulated Luminescence: A Brief Overview. Radiation Measurements. 46, 1336-1341.
[4]. Yabsantia Et Al (2025). Dosimetric Characterisation Of Commercial Optically Stimulated Luminescence And Tin-Filtered Radiophotoluminescence Glass Dosimeters For Accurate Radiation Dose Measurement In General Radiography. Physica Medica, 136, 105030
[5]. UNSCEAR. (2008). United Nations Scientific Committee On The Effects Of Atomic Radiation, Sources And Effects Of Ionizing Radiation, Report To The General Assembly Scientific Annexes. Medical Radiation Exposures: UNSCEAR Vol. I.

Abstract: The Graves ’disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis both are organ-specific autoimmune diseases which are rarely seen in combination and reported. Graves ’disease shows features of hyperthyroidism while Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes hypothyroidism. When features of Hashimotos thyroiditis is seen along with thyrotoxicosis the term ‘hashitoxicosis ’is used to describe this autoimmune thyroid disease where there is an overlap syndrome between these two clinical....

Key Words – Hashitoxicosis, Grave’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, auto-immune

[1]. Dong, Y.H. And Fu, D.G. (2014) Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Mechanism, Genetics And Current Knowledge. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences, 18, 3611-3618.
[2]. Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A. And Rose, N.R. (2014) Hashimoto Thyroiditis: Clinical And Diagnostic Criteria. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13, 391-397.
[3]. Unnikrishnan AG. Hashitoxicosis: A Clinical Perspective. Thyroid Research & Practice 2013;10(1):5-6.
[4]. Melki, A., Oueslati, I., Kilani, M.O., Mchirgui, N., Khiari, K. And Abdallah, N. (2014) Maladie De Basedow Suivie D’Une Thyroïdite De Hashimoto Chez Une Même Patiente. Annales d’Endocrinologie, 75, 489.
[5]. Umar, H., Muallima, N., Adam, J.M.F. And Sanusi, H. (2010) Hashimoto’s Thyroi- Ditis Following Graves ’Disease. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 42, 31-35.

Abstract: Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common chronic disease in young children that adversely affects oral health, growth, and quality of life. Parental knowledge and attitudes strongly influence children’s oral health practices,yet father’s roles remain underexplored. Understanding father’s knowledge, awareness, and perception of E.C.C is essential for developing effective family-centred preventive strategies.This study aims to assess...

Key Words – Father’s knowledge; Awareness; Perception; Parental role

[1]. American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry. 2000-2001 American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry Reference Manual. Paediatric Dent. 2000; 22:82.
[2]. Lone N, Sidiq M, Yousuf A, Khan M. Parental Awareness And Attitudes Towards Preschool Oral Health Of Children Visiting A Government Dental Hospital Of Kashmir. Children. 2016;5(4.7):5-2.
[3]. Banihani A, Tahmassebi J, Zawaideh F. Maternal Knowledge On Early Childhood Caries And Barriers To Seek Dental Treatment In Jordan. European Archives Of Paediatric Dentistry. 2021 Jun;22(3):433-9.
[4]. Chou YC, Cheng FS, Weng SH, Tseng CH, Hu HY, Liu CH. Impact Of Parental Health Beliefs On Early Childhood Caries: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. International Dental Journal. 2025 Oct 1;75(5):100902.
[5]. Chan SC, Tsai JS, King NM. Feeding And Oral Hygiene Habits Of Preschool Children In Hong Kong And Their Caregivers’ Dental Knowledge And Attitudes. Int J Paediatric Dent. 2002; 12:322-31.

Abstract: India leads the world in the number of registered medical institutions and produces the largest number of medical doctors in the world. Notwithstanding this, India struggles for the concerns of poor quality of medical education, incompetent medical workforces, and insignificant research contribution to the world which is due to the malfunctioning....

Key Words – Competency-based curriculum, Globalisation, Medical council of Indian, National medical council, Privatisation, The regulatory body Competency-based curriculum, Globalisation, Medical council of India

[1]. Shamika R, Gupta N, Nagaraj P. Reviving Higher Education In India. Brookings [1]India. November 2019. Research Paper No. 11:2019-01.
[2]. Ministry Of Education Of The People’s Republic Of China (2016). Number Of [2]Students In Higher Education Institutions. [Cited 2020 May 19]. Available At:
Http://En.Moe.Gov.Cn/Resources/Statistics/Edu_Stat_2016/2016_En01/201708/T20170822_311603.Html.
[3]. Samiksha G. The Doctor-Population Ratio In India Is 1:1456 Against WHO [3]Recommendation. Economic Survey. (Business Edition)Deccan Herald. [Internet]. 2020 Jan 31 [Cited 2020 May 01]; Budget: [About 1p]. Available From:
Https://Www.Deccanherald.Com/Business/Budget-2020/The-DoctorPopulation-Ratio-In-India-Is-11456-Against-Who-Recommendation800034html.
[4]. Nagarajan R. The Study Reveals The Poor State Of Medical Research. Times [4]Of India. [Internet]. 2016 April 21. [Cited 2020 May 19]: Available From:
Https://M.Timesofindia.Com/India/Study-Reveals-Poor-State-Of-Medical Research/Amp_Articleshow/51920662.Cms.
[5]. Kaul R. The Number Of Govt Medical Colleges Surpasses Private Ones. Hindustan [5]Times. [Internet]. 2020 January 15. [Cited 2020 May 19]: Available From: Https://Www.Hindustantimes.Com/India-News/Number-Of-Govt-Medicacolleges-Surpasses-Private-Ones-Data/Story Yy3shbkdgvcfdm7gplblgl.Html.

Abstract: Placenta accerta spectrum (PAS) comprises abnormal placental adherence disorders – placenta accerta, increta & percreta and is a leading cause of severe obstetric hemorrhage, peripartum hysterectomy & maternal morbidity. The incidence of PAS has increased substantially over recent decades, from approximately 1in 2500 pregnancies to nearly 1in 500 pregnancies, largely parallelling the rising rate of cesarean deliveries.
Timely antenatal....

[1]. Jauniaux E, Ayres-De-Campos D, Langhoff-Roos J, Fox KA, Collins S. FIGO Classification For The Clinical Diagnosis Of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(1):20–24.
[2]. Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ, Et Al. Maternal Morbidity Associated With Multiple Repeat Cesarean Deliveries. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1226–1232.
[3]. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal Placentation: Twenty-Year Analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(5):1458–1461.
[4]. Comstock CH. Antenatal Diagnosis Of Placenta Accreta: A Review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26(1):89–96.
[5]. Finberg HJ, Williams JW. Placenta Accreta: Prospective Sonographic Diagnosis In Patients With Placenta Previa And Prior Cesarean Section. J Ultrasound Med. 1992;11(7):333–343

Abstract: Mature cystic teratoma is the most common benign ovarian germ cell tumor, commonly seen in women of reproductive age but less frequently reported in adolescents. Its presentation may be subtle, leading to delayed diagnosis. We report a case of a 17-year-old nulligravida female presenting with intermittent right iliac fossa pain for two months. Clinical examination revealed a large abdominopelvic mass corresponding to a 22-week-size uterus. Imaging studies suggested a large right ovarian neoplasm, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography was...

Keywords: Mature cystic teratoma, Dermoid Cyst, Ovarian germ cell tumor, Oopherectomy, Adolscent Gynaecology

[1]. “Mature Cystic Teratoma Of The Ovary: An Overview Of Clinical And Imaging Findings” Radiographics. 2020;40(3): 775–795. DOI: 10.1148/Rg.2020190149
[2]. “Complications Of Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratomas: A Review” Annals Of Medicine And Surgery. 2021;67:102520. Open Access On Sciencedirect

Abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially fatal condition commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, viridans group streptococci, and Enterococcus species. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is classically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections and is rarely implicated in invasive infections. We report a rare case of Staphylococcus saprophyticus infective endocarditis in a 17-...

Keywords: Infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defect

[1]. Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, Et Al. Clinical Presentation, Etiology, And Outcome Of Infective Endocarditis In The 21st Century: The International Collaboration On Endocarditis–Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):463–473.
[2]. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Et Al. 2015 ESC Guidelines For The Management Of Infective Endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075–3128.
[3]. Karchmer AW. Infective Endocarditis. In: Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Et Al., Editors. Harrison’s Principles Of Internal Medicine. 20th Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill; 2018.
[4]. Hovelius B, Mårdh PA. Staphylococcus Saprophyticus As A Cause Of Infective Endocarditis. Scand J Infect Dis. 1984;16(3):315–318.
[5]. Chu VH, Cabell CH, Abrutyn E. Native Valve Infective Endocarditis. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2004;29(4):165–222.