iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2026

Abstract: Background: Endotracheal intubation remains a cornerstone of airway management. Direct laryngoscopy with the Macintosh blade can be compromised when anatomical alignment is restricted. MAC style video laryngoscopes retain familiar blade geometry and add an indirect view of the glottis. Limited data exist on their performance against the Macintosh in standardised models of difficult intubation. Objectives: To compare laryngeal visualisation, intubation time, adjunct use, first attempt success, complications and ease of intubation.....

Keywords: video laryngoscopy; Macintosh laryngoscope; difficult airway; cervical collar; Cormack-Lehane grade; intubation time; simulated airway

[1]. Frerk C, Mitchell VS, Mcnarry AF, Mendonca C, Bhagrath R, Patel A, Et Al. Difficult Airway Society 2015 Guidelines For Management Of Unanticipated Difficult Intubation In Adults. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(6):827-848.
[2]. Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Connis RT, Abdelmalak B, Agarkar M, Dutton RP, Et Al. 2022 American Society Of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines For Management Of The Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology. 2022;136(1):31-81.
[3]. Combes X, Jabre P, Jbeili C, Leroux B, Bastuji-Garin S, Margenet A, Et Al. Prehospital Standardization Of Medical Airway Management: Incidence And Risk Factors Of Difficult Airway. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13(8):828-834.
[4]. Simpson GD, Ross M, Mckeown DW, Ray D. Tracheal Intubation In The Critically Ill: A Multi-Centre National Study Of Practice And Complications. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(5):792-799.
[5]. Pandian V, Ghazi T, He MQ, Isak E, Saleem A, Semler LR, Et Al. Multidisciplinary Difficult Airway Team Characteristics, Airway Securement Success, And Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2023;132(8):938-954.

Abstract: Introduction: Scabies is a neglected tropical skin infection mostly affecting children living in overcrowded institutional environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of scabies among institutionalized children in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among children attending a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh between......

Keywords: Scabies; Institutionalized children; Clinical profile; Neglected tropical disease; Bangladesh

[1]. Andriantsoanirina V, Ariey F, Izri A, Bernigaud C, Fang F, Charrel R, Et Al. Sarcoptes Scabiei Mites In Humans Are Distributed Into Three Genetically Distinct Clades. Clinical Microbiology And Infection. 2015;21: 1107–1114.
Doi:10.1016/J.Cmi.2015.08.002
[2]. GBD 2017 Disease And Injury Incidence And Prevalence Collaborators. Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Years Lived With Disability For 354 Diseases And Injuries For 195 Countries And Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018;392: 1789–1858. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
[3]. Karimkhani C, Colombara D V, Drucker AM, Norton SA, Hay R, Engelman D, Et Al. The Global Burden Of Scabies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2017;17: 1247–1254.
Doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30483-8
[4]. Gupta S, Thornley S, Morris A, Sundborn G, Grant C. Prevalence And Determinants Of Scabies: A Global Systematic Review And Meta‐Analysis. Tropical Med Int Health. 2024;29: 1006–1017. Doi:10.1111/Tmi.14058

Abstract: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast disorder that often mimics infectious mastitis or malignancy, leading to delayed diagnosis and repeated ineffective interventions. We report the case of a 31-year-old non-lactating woman who presented with recurrent left breast abscesses unresponsive to antibiotics and multiple incision and drainage procedures. Serial imaging showed progressive and recurrent collections, while repeated microbiological investigations were consistently negative. Histopathology demonstrated fluctuating findings, ultimately confirming necrotizing granulomatous mastitis. After exclusion of infectious, malignant, and systemic granulomatous diseases......

Keywords: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; Recurrent breast abscess; Granulomatous inflammation; Corticosteroid therapy

[1] Benlghazi A, Messaoudi H, Belouad M, Ait Bouhou R, Elhassani Mm, Kouach J. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Challenging Case Report And Comprehensive Review Of The Literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024;118:109555.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijscr.2024.109555.
[2] Younis S, Emayof M, Hossen M. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Case Report. Alqalam Journal Of Medical And Applied Sciences 2025;8:32–5. Https://Doi.Org/10.54361/Ajmas.258105.
[3] Gupta N, Vats M, Garg M, Dahiya Ds. Bilateral Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Bmj Case Reports Cp 2020;13:E234979.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Bcr-2020-234979.
[4] Timirau Wm, Sari E, Shahid M, Guzman N, Villegas A. Idiopathic Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Case Report. Hca Healthcare Journal Of Medicine 2024;5:13. Https://Doi.Org/10.36518/2689-0216.1684.
[5] Ahmed H, Steinhoff M, Al-Merekhi H, Abu Shaikha S. Idiopathic Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Emulating Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report. J Med Case Rep 2025;19. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13256-025-05548-W.

Abstract: Objective This case series evaluates the efficacy and safety of pre-emptive oral flupirtine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) under subarachnoid block (SAB). Methods Ten female patients aged 18–55 years scheduled for elective TAH under SAB received a single oral dose of flupirtine 100 mg approximately one hour before surgery. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Rescue analgesia (IV tramadol 50 mg) was administered when VAS ≥ 4. Time to first rescue analgesia and total tramadol consumption within 24 hours were recorded. Patients were monitored for adverse events such as sedation, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness......

Keywords: Total abdominal hysterectomy, pre-emptive analgesia, flupirtine

[1]. Meyer TA, Schöberl T, Et Al. Flupirtine: Pharmacology And Therapeutic Potential. Drugs. 1997;54(3):413-422.
[2]. Reyes-García G, Lezama-Muñiz C, Et Al. Preemptive Analgesia In Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res. 2018;11:2639-2647.
[3]. Kumar S, Kaushal S, Et Al. Preemptive Analgesic Effect Of Flupirtine In Minor Gynecological Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(1):28-33.
[4]. Dahan A, Aarts L, Smith TW. Incidence, Reversal, And Prevention Of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(1):226-238.
[5]. Fisher DM, Rooke GA. Use Of Flupirtine In Postoperative Pain Management: A Review. Anesth Analg. 1994;79(1):11-16.

Abstract: Introduction Airway management in laparoscopic surgeries is challenging due to increased intra-abdominal pressure and ventilatory demands. The Baska mask, a third-generation supraglottic airway device, is designed for easy insertion and minimal haemodynamic disturbance. Objectives To evaluate the clinical performance of the Baska mask in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries, with emphasis on ease of insertion and hemodynamic response.......

Keywords: Baska Mask, supraglottic airway, laparoscopic surgery, case series.

[1]. Choi SR, Kim J, Kim J, Et Al. Comparison Of Clinical Performance Of I-Gel® And Baska Mask® During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019
[2]. Ng CC, Koh YY, Hussin AZ, Et Al. Baska Mask Versus Endotracheal Tube In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Trial. Anaesthesia And Intensive Care. 2021.
[3]. Miller DM. Third Generation Supraglottic Airways: Is A New Classification Needed?. BJA: British Journal Of Anaesthesia. 2015 Oct 1;115(4):634-5.
[4]. Benumof J. Benumof And Hagberg's Airway Management. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012 Sep 24.
[5]. Almeida G, Costa AC, Machado HS. Supraglottic Airway Devices: A Review In A New Era Of Airway Management. J Anesth Clin Res. 2016;7(7):2.

Abstract: Background: Vitamin C injection along with microneedling can be considered as an alternative to invasive surgical procedure in Reconstruction of Interdental papilla. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered vitaminC along with microneedling in the treatment of deficient interdental papilla over three months. Materials and Methods: fifteen patients with class 1 and class 2 interdental papillary loss according to Nordland and tarnow classification 1998 were selected. After oral prophylaxis and baseline measurement,the area was anesthetized with infiltration technique,an insulin syringe(30guage,0.30mm) was used to deposit vitamin c, the needle was injected 2-3mm apical to the involved papilla......

Keywords: Interdental papilla reconstruction; Microneedling; Vitamin C.

[1]. Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The Effect Of The Distance From The Contact Point To The Crest Of Bone On The Presence Or Absence Of The Interproximal Dental Papilla. J Periodontol. 1992 Dec;63(12):995-6.
[2]. Cunliffe J, Pretty I. Patients’ Ranking Of Interdental “Black Triangles” Against Other Common Aesthetic Problems. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2009 Dec;17(4):177-81.
[3]. Kurth JR, Kokich VG. Open Gingival Embrasures After Orthodontic Treatment In Adults: Prevalence And Etiology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Feb;120(2):116-23.
[4]. Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles Of Vitamin C In Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 12;9(8):866Ko-Kimura N, Kimura-Hayashi M, Yamaguchi M, Ikeda T, Meguro D, Kanekawa M, Kasai K. Some Factors Associated With Open Gingival Embrasures Following Orthodontic Treatment. Australian Orthodontic Journal. 2003 Apr;19(1):19-24.
[5]. Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic Acid: Chemistry, Biology And The Treatment Of Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Feb;1826(2):443-57.

Abstract: A catheter is said to be retained when the catheter balloon fails to deflate or when encrustation due to the deposit of mineral salts forms around the balloon making it difficult to remove by ordinary maneuver. It is distressing both to the practitioner and the patient.......

Keywords: Retained catheter, Encrustation, Failure of balloon deflation, Open Cystostomy and Aba.

[1]. Thomas B. Mcgregor, Rajan Sharda Retained Urethral Catheter Secondary To Placement In Proximal Urether. Case Rep Urol 2016 April 10:2016:9178645
[2]. Margarita Hollinasworth, Francisco Quiroz And Michael L. Guracnick Management Of Retained Foley Catheters. Canadian Journal Of Urology February 2004:11(1) 2163 – 2166
[3]. Charles J. Weingarten, Alan R. Lawrain Foley Catheter Retained For 3 Years The Journal Of Urology Vol 94, Issue 5 Nov 1965 Pp 628-630
[4]. N.P Agwu, A Khalid And I.A Mungadi Retained Urethral Catheter; Novel Method Of Removal Using Transrectal Ultrasound Guidance. Asian Journal Of Research And Reports In Urology 2(1):1-5

Abstract: Fournier’s gangrene, first documented by Jean Alfred Fournier in 1883 is a rare form of necrotizing fasciitis of the perianal, perineal, genital and lower abdominal region. The systemic manifestations are far greater than the regional manifestations. It is common in males 50 years and above but occurs in children and females. The incidence is lower in females but mortality is higher due to the greater ease and susceptibility to peritonitis and retro peritonitis in the female patient.......

Keywords: Fournier’s gangrene, Necrotizing fasciitis, perianal, perineal, genital, Sepsis and South Eastern Nigeria.

[1]. Ugwumba F.O, Nnabugwu I.I, Ozoemena O.F.N Fournier’s Gangrene - Analysis Of Management And Outcomes In South Eastern Nigeria South African Journal Of Surgery 50:16-19. 2012
[2]. E.A Obiesie, A.M.E Nwofor, C.K. Oranusi, T.U Mbaeri, O.O Mbonu Prognostic Factors And Outcome Of Treatment In Patients With Fournier’s Gangrene In A Tertiary Institution In Nigeria Nigerian Journal Of Urology Vol 10 No 1 & 2 2020
[3]. Nnabugwu I. Ikenna, Okechukwu O. Onumaegbu, Louis T. Okolie Fournier’s Gangrene: A Retrospective Review Of Management Outcomes And Seasonal Variations Of Clinical Presentation. African Journal Of Urology 23 April 2021 Vol 27, Article 66
[4]. El- Bachir Benjelloun Et Al Fournier’s Gangrene: Our Experience With 50 Patients And Analysis Of Factors Affecting Mortality. World Journal Of Emergency Surgery 2013 April 1:8:13
[5]. Eshiobo Irekpita Fournier’s Gangrene: Irrua Teaching Hospital Nigeria Sudanese Journal Of Dermatology 2009

Abstract: Background: Traditional mathematical concepts like the Golden Ratio, RED ratio, and Golden Percentage have historically influenced smile design, yet their universal relevance continues to be questioned in a time characterized by biological diversity and digital processes. Objective: To evaluate traditional aesthetic proportions alongside modern digital tools such as Digital Smile Design (DSD), CAD/CAM, and AI-enhanced planning......

Keywords: Smile creation; Golden ratio; RED ratio; Dental aesthetics; Digital smile creation; Gum zenith; Smile curvature

[1]. Goldstein RE. Esthetics In Dentistry. 3rd Ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2018.
[2]. Davis NC. Smile Design. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51(2):299–318.
[3]. Tin-Oo MM, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction With Dental Appearance And Treatments They Desire To Improve Aesthetics. BMC Oral Health. 2011;11:6.
[4]. Newton JT, Subramanian SS, Westland S, Et Al. The Impact Of Tooth Color On The Perceptions Of Personal Characteristics Among Female Dental Patients. Br Dent J. 2021;230(2):82–88.
[5]. Spear FM, Kokich VG. A Multidisciplinary Approach To Esthetic Dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2007;51(2):487–505.

Abstract: Background: Secondary caries arising from microleakage in resin restorations remains a leading cause of restoration failure. Modification of adhesive systems with antibacterial agents is a promising strategy. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) possess potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while chitosan offers biocompatibility and collagen cross-linking ability. This study evaluated and compared the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an 8th generation bonding agent modified with 0.12% chitosan and 0.2% copper nanoparticles on sound and simulated demineralized dentin.......

Keywords: Copper nanoparticles; simulated demineralized dentin; chitosan; 8th generation bonding agent; microtensile bond strength (μTBS)

[1]. Perdigão J. Current Perspectives On Dental Adhesion: (1) Dentin Adhesion - Not There Yet. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2020;56:190-207.
[2]. Suresh M, Abraham TA, Venkatachalam P, Et Al. Bonding System For Restorative Materials – A Review. Indian J Public Health Res Dev 2019;10:1557-61.
[3]. Freedman G. Adhesion: Past, Present, And Future. Oral Health 2019;109:7-14.
[4]. Fusayama T. Two Layers Of Carious Dentin; Diagnosis And Treatment. Oper Dent 1979;4:63-70.
[5]. Warreth A. Dental Caries And Its Management. Int J Dent 2023;2023:9365845

Abstract: Background: The advent of digital technologies has brought a transformative change in the field of prosthodontics. Innovations such as intraoral scanners, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems, virtual articulators, digital facebows, and computer-guided implant planning have enhanced the accuracy, efficiency, and predictability of prosthodontic treatment outcomes. As digital workflows are increasingly being adopted in routine clinical practice, it has become essential for dental graduates to possess adequate knowledge and skills in digital prosthodontics......

Keywords: Digital prosthodontics; Dental education; CAD/CAM; Dental curriculum; Questionnaire-based study.

[1]. Ketharinath N, Kiruppashini T, Kabilan P, Nagappan C. Digital Prosthodontics In Near Future: Awareness Among The Dental Students On Intraoral Scanners And Its Probability Of Replacement Over Conventional Method In The Near Future Of Prosthodontics: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2024 Oct 1;24(4):359–365.
[2]. Schlenz MA, Michel K, Wegner K, Schmidt A, Rehmann P, Wöstmann B. Undergraduate Dental Students’ Perspective On The Implementation Of Digital Dentistry In The Preclinical Curriculum: A Questionnaire Survey. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):78.
[3]. Tripathi S, Dixit RK, Sindhu S, Singh RD, Singhal R, Khanna R. Assessment Of Students’ Perspective On Introduction Of Digital Dentistry As Self-Directed Learning Module In Undergraduate Prosthodontics Curriculum: A Mixed-Method Study. Journal Of Oral Biology And Craniofacial Research. 2025;15(5):925-931.
[4]. Alnafaiy SM, Alyousef H, Aljabr R, Tounsi A, Almutairi R, Albaijan RS. Digital Technology Implementation In Prosthodontics Postgraduate Programs In Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Institutional Survey Of Program Directors. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:1136.
[5]. Sarode S, Kharsan V, Phansalkar G, Agarwal H, Jadhav A, Chaugule P. A Cross-Sectional Survey On Knowledge And Awareness Of Digital Dentistry In Prosthodontics Among Interns And Postgraduates Of Dental Colleges In Mumbai And Navi Mumbai. Jurnal Medisci. 2026;3(5).

Abstract: Background: Dentistry contributes significantly to environmental pollution through the generation of biomedical waste, excessive use of disposable materials, chemical waste, energy consumption, and conventional clinical practices. Green dentistry has emerged as an environmentally sustainable approach aimed at minimizing the ecological footprint...... .

[1]. Chopra A, Raju K. Green Dentistry: Practices And Perceived Barriers Among Dental Practitioners. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2017;15(1):53-56.
[2]. Pockrass F, Pockrass I. The Four R’s Of Eco-Friendly Dentistry: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink. Dent Econ. 2008;98(12):80-83.
[3]. Duane B, Stancliffe R, Miller FA, Sherman J, Pasdeki-Clewer E. Sustainability In Dentistry: A Multifaceted Approach Needed. J Dent Res. 2020;99(9):998-1003.
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[5]. Alshatrat SM, Shuman D, Darby ML, Jeng HA. Jordanian Dentists’ Awareness And Implementation Of Eco-Friendly Dental Office Strategies. Int Dent J. 2013;63(3):161-168

Abstract: The majority of cystic lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region are odontogenic in origin. It is formed by odontogenic cell rests entangled inside jaw tissue, such as cell rests of malassez, cell rests of serre, and the enamel organ. The permeability of the cyst wall, the protein content of the cyst fluid, and the intracystic fluid pressure on the jaw bone are all factors that contribute to the enlargement of these jaw cysts. The colour, consistency, presence of......

Keywords: maxillofacial; odontogenic; cell rests of malassez; cell rests of serre; intracystic

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Abstract: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy in older adults and is rarely encountered in young individuals. We report a case of a young male presenting with painless diminution of vision in the right eye associated with relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), optic disc edema, and characteristic visual field defects. Fundus examination revealed right optic disc edema and left superior sectoral disc pallor......

Keywords: NAION, optic disc edema, ischemic optic neuropathy, RAPD, altitudinal scotoma.

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Abstract: The establishment of anterior guidance is a critical component of restorative and prosthodontic rehabilitation,
influencing function, aesthetics, phonetics, and occlusal stability. Accurate replication of patient-specific mandibular movements remains a clinical challenge when using conventional articulators with standard incisal guide tables.
This case....

Keywords:Anterior guidance, customized incisal guide table, prosthodontic rehabilitation, posterior disclusion, aesthetic dentistry

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Abstract: Background: Oral cancer remains a major global public health concern, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for more than 90% of all oral malignancies. Despite advances in therapy, prognosis remains poor due to delayed diagnosis and the limited availability of disease-specific biomarkers. Vitamin D and its nuclear receptor (VDR) have attracted considerable attention over the past two decades for their pleiotropic roles extending beyond calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
Objective: This narrative review summarises current.....

Keywords:Vitamin D; Vitamin D receptor (VDR); Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Calcitriol; Chemoprevention; Tumorigenesis

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pleiotropic effects. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(1):365–408.
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analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(6):2017–29.

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Abstract: Aim: This research aims to examine the anti-microbial property of turmeric (Curcuma longa) mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment who are more susceptible to biofilm formation in their oral cavities because of the appliances, which in turn can cause gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and method: The research was a parallel arm, randomized controlled clinical trial with a single blind center and a 1:1 allocation ratio. There were 40 contestants in all, regardless of gender. Throughout the trial, the oral hygiene status of each participant was evaluated three times. Before beginning orthodontic treatment (T1), the initial evaluation....

Keywords:curcumin, chlorhexidine, plaque, plaque index, gingival index, mouthwash

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Review Of The Literature" Australasian Orthodontic Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, Sciendo, 2007, Pp. 121-129.
Https://Doi.Org/10.2478/Aoj-2007-0019
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Brackets Immersed In Spices And Salt Solution: A Pilot Study.J Clin Of Diagn Res.2019; 13(12):ZC09-ZC12.
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In Rats: ABiochemical, Histological And Immunohistochemical Study. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2018; 21: 160–167.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ocr.12232

Abstract: Background: Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure in Indonesia, but it often causes anxiety and pain
in patients. Local anesthesia is the main solution to overcome this pain. Lidocaine HCl 2% with adrenaline is commonly used, but its effectiveness can be affected by various factors, including smoking habits. Cigarettes contain nicotine and other substances that have the potential to affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anesthetic drugs, especially through their interaction with sodium channels and acceleration of drug metabolism.....

Keywords: Local anesthesia, smokers, anesthetic onset

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Anesthesia During Simple Tooth Extraction. The Saudi Dental Journal, 33(7), 674–678.
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Mechanisms Of Blockade Of The Muscle-Type Nicotinic Receptor By Benzocaine, A Permanently Uncharged Local Anesthetic.
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