iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2026

Abstract: Dental implants have become a cornerstone of modern prosthodontics, providing a predictable and long-term solution for the replacement of missing teeth. Since Brånemark’s discovery of osseointegration, implantology has evolved through significant advances in materials science, surface technology, and digital integration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of dental implant systems, including their biological basis, clinical applications, surface modifications, and biomechanical principles. Complications, maintenance protocols, and future innovations such as nanotechnology, computer-guided surgery, and regenerative implantology are also discussed.....

Keywords: Dental implants, osseointegration, titanium, surface modification, implant complications, digital dentistry, nanotechnology, zirconia implants.

[1]. Atwood DA. Reduction Of Residual Ridges: A Major Oral Disease Entity. J Prosthet Dent. 1971;26(3):266–279.
[2]. Misch CE. Contemporary Implant Dentistry. 3rd Ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2008.
[3]. Buser D, Sennerby L, De Bruyn H. Modern Implant Dentistry Based On Osseointegration: 50 Years Of Progress, Current Trends, And Open Questions. Periodontol 2000. 2017;73(1):7–21.
[4]. Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Et Al. Osseointegrated Implants In The Treatment Of The Edentulous Jaw. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
[5]. Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The Long-Term Efficacy Of Currently Used Dental Implants: A Review And Proposed Criteria Of Success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1(1):11–25.

Abstract: Effective postoperative pain management in pediatric surgical patients is essential for enhanced recovery and patient comfort. Regional anesthesia techniques play an important role in multimodal analgesia. Although paravertebral blocks provide effective analgesia for abdominal surgeries, concerns regarding complications such as pleural puncture and spinal nerve injury have led to the exploration of safer alternatives. The ultrasound-guided retrolaminar block (RLB) has emerged as a promising regional anesthetic technique with a favorable safety profile.....

Keywords: Retrolaminar block, Pediatric anesthesia, Postoperative analgesia, Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia, Abdominal surgery.

[1]. Pfeiffer G, Oppitz N, Schöne S, Heine IR, Höhne M, Koltermann C. Analgesia Of The Axilla Using A Paravertebral Catheter In The Lamina Technique. Anaesthesist. 2006;55(4):423–427.
[2]. Karmakar MK. Thoracic Paravertebral Block. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(3):771–780.
[3]. Elsharkawy H, Pawa A, Mariano ER. Interfascial Plane Blocks: Back To Basics. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(4):341–346.
[4]. Chin KJ, Adhikary S, Sarwani N, Forero M. The Analgesic Efficacy Of Fascial Plane Blocks. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(5):691–697.
[5]. Zeballos JL, Voscopoulos C, Kapottos M, Janfaza D, Vlassakov K. Ultrasound-Guided Retrolaminar Paravertebral Block. Anaesthesia. 2013;68(6):649–651.

Abstract: To compare IV Ondansetron vs IV Ondansetron and IV Dexamethasone in preventing post operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

[1]. Dhawale RN, More S, Chauhan S, Tarkase AS, Deshmukh S. Comparison Of Ondansetron And Combination Of Ondansetron And Dexamethasone On Preventing PONV In Patients Undergoing Surgery Under General Anaesthesia. Medpulse Int J Anesthesiol. 2020 Apr;14(1):32-6. Doi:10.26611/10151418.
[2]. Revathy AM, Vasantha OT, Rudra Mol R. Comparison Of Ondansetron Versus Dexamethasone For Preventing Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Observational Study. Int J Health Sci Res. 2024 Jan;14(1):291-7. Doi:10.52403/Ijhsr.20240137.
[3]. Chattopadhyay S, Biswas A, Ferdows SS, Bhowmik DK, Dey S, Biswas B. Comparison Of Ondansetron, Dexamethasone And Ondansetron Plus Dexamethasone For The Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Indian J Clin Anaesth. 2016;3(3):459-63. Doi:10.5958/2394-4994.2016.00078.0.
[4]. Qasemi F, Aini T, Ali W, Dost W, Rasully MQ, Anwari M, Dost W, Zaheer R, Dost R, Talpur AS. The Effectiveness Of Ondansetron And Dexamethasone In Preventing Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Cureus. 2023 Apr 11;15(4):E37419. Doi:10.7759/Cureus.37419.
[5]. Kalasree M, Vasantha Kumar K, Hari Baskar V, Nagaraj P, Manoharan A, Prabhu T. A Comparative Study Of The Efficacy Of Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, And Ondansetron–Dexamethasone Combination For Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting Prophylaxis In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries. Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Nov;14(6):54–59.

Abstract: Background: Soft tissue tumours (STTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms with diverse histological lines of differentiation and overlapping clinical, radiological and morphological features. Regional epidemiological data from southern Karnataka, particularly using the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification, remain limited. Aim: To study the histopathological spectrum of soft tissue tumours according to the recent WHO classification and to evaluate their age, sex and anatomical site distribution at a tertiary care centre.....

Keywords: Soft tissue tumours; Histopathology; WHO classification; Immunohistochemistry; FNCLCC grading.

[1]. WHO Classification Of Tumours Editorial Board. Soft Tissue And Bone Tumours. WHO Classification Of Tumours, 5th Ed., Vol. 3. Lyon: International Agency For Research On Cancer; 2020.
[2]. Fletcher CDM, Bridge JA, Hogendoorn PCW, Mertens F, Editors. WHO Classification Of Tumours Of Soft Tissue And Bone. 4th Ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2013.
[3]. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer Statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(1):43–66.
[4]. Wibmer C, Leithner A, Zielonke N, Sperl M, Windhager R. Increasing Incidence Rates Of Soft Tissue Sarcomas? A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study And Literature Review. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(5):1106–11.
[5]. Mastrangelo G, Coindre JM, Ducimetière F, Dei Tos AP, Fadda E, Blay JY, Et Al. Incidence Of Soft Tissue Sarcoma And Beyond: A Population-Based Prospective Study In Three European Regions. Cancer. 2012;118(21):5339–48.

Abstract: Background: Osseointegration failure and peri-implant infection remain the two principal causes of long-term dental implant complications. Conventional titanium surfaces, although mechanically reliable, are biologically inert and do not intrinsically resist bacterial colonization, which predisposes to peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Since the early 2010s, nanotechnology has progressively been applied to titanium implant surfaces in an effort to overcome.....

Keywords: dental implants; nanotechnology; antimicrobial coating; osseointegration; peri-implantitis; titanium surface modification; nanotube; silver nanoparticle.

[1]. Vargas-Reus MA, Memarzadeh K, Huang J, Ren GG, Allaker RP. Antimicrobial Activity Of Nanoparticulate Metal Oxides Against Peri-Implantitis Pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;40(2):135-139. Doi:10.1016/J.Ijantimicag.2012.04.012
[2]. Marasli C, Katifelis H, Gazouli M, Lagopati N. Nano-Based Approaches In Surface Modifications Of Dental Implants: A Literature Review. Molecules. 2024;29(13):3061. Doi:10.3390/Molecules29133061
[3]. Hosseini Hooshiar M, Mozaffari A, Hamed Ahmed M, Abdul Kareem R, Jaber Zrzo A, Salah Mansoor A, H Athab Z, Parhizgar Z, Amini P. Potential Role Of Metal Nanoparticles In Treatment Of Peri-Implant Mucositis And Peri-Implantitis. Biomed Eng Online. 2024;23(1):101. Doi:10.1186/S12938-024-01294-0
[4]. Zhang X, Li Z, Yuan X, Cui Z, Bao H, Li X, Liu Y, Yang X. Cytotoxicity And Antibacterial Property Of Titanium Alloy Coated With Silver Nanoparticle-Containing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2013;33(5):2816-2820.
Doi:10.1016/J.Msec.2013.03.010
[5]. Li M, Liu X, Xu Z, Yeung KWK, Wu S. Dopamine Modified Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating For Antimicrobial And Osteogenesis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(49):33972-33981. Doi:10.1021/Acsami.6b09457

Abstract: Background Adequate bowel preparation is essential for successful colonoscopy, as poor bowel cleansing may lead to missed lesions, prolonged procedure time, and incomplete examinations. Oral Sulfate Solution (OSS) and Polyethylene Glycol with Ascorbic Acid (PGA) are commonly used low-volume bowel preparation agents; however, evidence comparing their efficacy.....

Keywords: Colonoscopy; Bowel preparation; Oral sulfate solution; Polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid; Boston Bowel Preparation Scale; Adenoma detection rate; Patient satisfaction; Randomized controlled trial

[1]. Gimeno-García AZ, Benítez-Zafra F, Nicolás-Pérez D, Hernández-Guerra M. Colon Bowel Preparation In The Era Of Artificial Intelligence: Is There Potential For Enhancing Colon Bowel Cleansing? Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1834.
Doi: 10.3390/Medicina59101834.
[2]. Jha AK. Oral Sulphate Solution For Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation: A New Kid On The Block. J Dig Endosc 2019; 10(03): 178-179. DOI: 10.1055/S-0039-3401912.
[3]. Dsouza R, Menon G, Pfeifer C. Colonoscopy. [Updated 2025 Sep 14]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK559274/
[4]. Park JH, Kim M, Hong SW, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Et Al. Comparison Of L L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid And Oral Sodium Sulfate Tablets For Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation. J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 9;13(23):7493. Doi: 10.3390/Jcm13237493. PMID: 39685949; PMCID: PMC11642427.
[5]. Nam JH, Hong SB, Lim YJ, Lee S, Kang HW, Kim JH, Et Al. Comparison Of Oral Sulfate Solution And Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid On The Efficacy Of Bowel Preparation. Clin Endosc. 2020 Sep;53(5):568-574. Doi: 10.5946/Ce.2019.209. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32336051; PMCID: PMC7548154.

Abstract: Objective To assess the periodontal status, prosthetic status, and prosthetic treatment needs among the geriatric population of Pune city. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 individuals aged ≥60 years selected through multistage random sampling....

Keywords: Geriatric population; Periodontal status; Prosthetic status; Prosthetic treatment needs; Oral health; Pune.

[1]. World Health Organization. World Report On Ageing And Health. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
[2]. United Nations. World Population Ageing Report. New York: UN; 2020.
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[5]. Felton DA. J Prosthodont. 2009;18(2):88–96.
[6]. Locker D. Community Dent Health. 1992;9(2):109–124.

Abstract: Résumé Introduction : L’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) reste une complication fréquente et grave en milieu hospitalier, associée à une augmentation de risque de mortalité, de la durée de séjour, du recours à l’épuration extrarénale et de progression vers la maladie rénale chronique. Les critères diagnostiques actuels reposent essentiellement sur l’élévation de la créatinine sérique et la baisse de la diurèse, deux marqueurs souvent tardifs. L’intelligence artificielle (IA), en particulier le machine learning et le deep learning, pourrait permettre d’identifier.....

[1]. Zhang H, Wang Y, Wu S, Ngo J, Feng Y, He X, Et Al. Artificial Intelligence For The Prediction Of Acute Kidney Injury During The Perioperative Period: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. BMC Nephrol. 2022;23:405. 1
[2]. Ostermann M, Bellomo R, Burdmann EA, Doi K, Endre Z, Goldstein SL, Et Al. Controversies In Acute Kidney Injury: Conclusions From A Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Conference. Kidney Int. 2020;98(2):294-309. 2
[3]. Koyner JL, Carey KA, Edelson DP, Churpek MM. The Development Of A Machine Learning Inpatient Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Model. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(7):1070-1077. 3.

Abstract: Background: Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) represents the pressure difference between arterial blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP), playing a critical role in maintaining adequate blood flow to the optic nerve head. While OPP has been extensively studied in older adult populations, data on OPP characteristics and its determinants....

Keywords: Ocular Perfusion Pressure; Intraocular Pressure; Blood Pressure; Young Adults; Nigerian Population

[1]. Ramya, C. M., Rajalakshmi, R. R., & Nataraj, S. M. (2018). Ocular Perfusion Pressure Variation In Relation To Gender And Body Mass Index In Healthy Young Adults. National Journal Of Physiology, Pharmacy And Pharmacology, 8(3).
[2]. Luo, X., Shen, Y. M., Jiang, M. N., Lou, X. F., & Shen, Y. (2015). Ocular Blood Flow Autoregulation Mechanisms And Methods. Journal Of Ophthalmology, 2015(1).
[3]. Tomita, G., Huang, D., O'Brien, C., Park, K., & Nakazawa, T. (2015). Ocular Blood Flow And Visual Functions.
[4]. Pechauer, A. D., Huang, D., & Jia, Y. (2015). Detecting Blood Flow Response To Stimulation Of The Human Eye. Biomed Research International.
[5]. Liebmann, J. M. (2013). Ocular Perfusion Pressure And Glaucoma: Clinical Implications. Current Opinion In Ophthalmology, 24(2), 123-128..