iosr-JDMS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4

Abstract:Introduction –Total hip arthroplasty for Developmental Dysplasia of Hip with secondary arthritis in younger patient is a challenge in itself due to its distorted anatomy. To restore the normal anatomy of hip, achieving length, stability, function and longer survivorship surgical technique and implant plays a major role. One should be careful to complications like sciatic nerve palsy, non-anatomic positioning of implants, shortening etc. Case Presentation – This is a case report and five year follows up of a young female of 34 years age with Neglected Developmental dysplasia of hip confirmed clinically and radiologically. Patient had painful limp, shortening and decrease range of motion resulting into restriction in performance of her daily routine activities. She was treated with Ceramic on Ceramic Modular uncemented total hip replacement and was followed up for 5 years . Conclusion – Restoration of anatomical hip centre with complete containment of acetabular socket, judicious use of cement-less implant and ceramic bearing surface could provide excellent result in a case of secondary arthritis due to congenital dislocation of the hip (Crowe type IV) in a young and active patient. Keywords- Delta, Ceramic on ceramic bearing, Developmental dysplasia of hip, Congenital dislocation of hip.

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Abstract: Aim:-Hospital based study from April 2005 to March 2011 conducted among the population to determine the prevalence of cataract in Alappuzha district of Kerala state of India. Methodology:-The data's collected from registers of ophthalmology department of district hospital and two private hospitals in Alappuzha district to access the gender prevalence and prevalence of different age groups. The total number of cataract operation carried in Alappuzha district was collected from Directorate of Health, Thiruvananthapuram to evaluate the prevalence among the total population Significance were analysed using student's t-test (mat lab). Result:- Among the total population cataract prevalence in Alappuzha district was significantly (p=0.0010) increased from 0.26% to 0.37% within six years. Gender prevalence is significantly higher in females (60.6%,p=0.0000344) than in males, suggest that more cataract patients are females. A significantly highest prevalence recorded in the age group of 61-70 years (40.2%,p=0.000044) compared with all other age groups. Conclusion:-The present study of cataract prevalence in Alappuzha district may to some extend throw light on the gravity of cataract incidence in Kerala state. Cataract blindness in Kerala can be effectively controlled only if effective strategies are developed to reduce the incidence of blinding cataract.

Key words: Cataract, Prevalence

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Abstract: Detection of carriers among healthcare workers is an important component of strategies for controlling the spread of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a hospital setting. We conducted a cross sectional study on clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at Lagos University Hospital, Nigeria. A total of 250 healthcare workers from medical and surgical units, hospital attendants (ward maids), laboratory and laundry departments were randomly sampled and screened for MRSA using nasal swabs. The overall carriage rate of MRSA was 13.6% and the prevalence was seen higher among the clinical healthcare workers than the non-clinical staff (10% vs. 3.6%; P<0.0001). Poor adherence to infection control practices, antibiotic use within the past three months, contact with patients with cutaneous lesions were among factors associated with MRSA in this study. Other risk factors observed included the Length of service of workers as well as use of protective clothing. However, the prevalence of MRSA carriage among healthcare workers is still low in this endemic setting compared to others in same Sub-Saharan African region or developed countries hence screening is however highly useful to identify the imported cases and also to allow prompt isolation precautions.

Keywords: carrier, infection control, prevalence, risk factors, Staphylococcus aureus

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Abstract: Since its introduction, medical abortion has rapidly gained popularity. The ease of administration ,the convenience ,wider availability of drugs –sometimes over the counter – low complication rates, and the affordable cost has led to the of abuse medical abortion [M.A.]. Objective of the study was to see why women resort to abortion without hesitation, what is their knowledge, attitude and mindset about medical abortion .We subjected 124 women seeking medical abortion to a questionnaire comprising their educational social ,religious background ,reasons for seeking abortion, contraceptive usage, acceptability of post- abortion contraception. Observations; .Most of women were married. Common cause pregnancy was non use of contraceptive, followed by failed contraception. Reasons for wanting abortion was too soon after LCB, having completed family, too early in the married life, economic conditions and wanting to postpone pregnancy for education and career. Conclusion; Medical abortions is being looked as an easy way to get rid of an unintended pregnancy. More women are taking pro-choice rather than pro-life approach. The guilt of abortion and moral liability is reducing, because of easy availability. Women opt for medical abortion instead of using regular contraception, as a means of post conception method of limiting and spacing families

Keywords – Abuse, Alternative to contraception, medical abortion, Psycho-social aspects

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