iosr-JECE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov.-Dec. 2019

Abstract: One of the main concerns in actual antenna design is enhance bandwidth to cover the wide communications standards. Since years ago researchers work in newtechniques looking for better performance in this antenna behavior [1-5]. As others, our group have worked in different techniques to enhance antenna bandwidth as circular or quasi-circular structures, softening sharp corners for both ground and main structures, we also apply slots and cuts, modifying current distribution for field pattern uniformity [6,7].This paper presents application of those techniques over a small ultra-wide band antenna, working from 800 MHz to 10 GHz, covering most of the standards required for actual cellular phones but also for other applications, as satellite communications. Design is applied to a small patch antenna,looking -10 dB for S11 parameter; good field omnidirectional pattern response and an increasingly frequency linear gain. We use electromagnetic simulation to define the best patch and ground plane geometry, selecting a low cost substrate, with the best performance......

Keywords: Antenna, ultra-wide band antenna, multiple standard of antenna.

[1]. Hans G. Schantz, "A brief history of UWB antennas", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 19, 2004, Pp. 22-26.
[2]. J. Becker, D. Filipovic, H. Schantz, and S. Y. Suh, "Ultra-Wideband Antennas", International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Hindawi, Publishing Corporation, 2008.
[3]. SebastianoBarbarino y FabrizioConsoli, "Effect of the substrate permittivity on the features of a UWB planar slot antenna", Microwave and optical technology letters, Vol. 52, No. 4, April 2010
[4]. Hemant Kumar Varshney, Mukesh Kumar, A. K. Jaiswal, RohiniSaxena and KomalJaiswal "A Survey on Different Feeding Techniques of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna" International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4 No. 3 June 2014
[5]. AnindyaGhosh, Malay Gangopadhyay, "Bandwidth Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna A Basic Overview" International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communications, Volume 8 Issue 2 February 2018

Abstract: This Project implements Emergency Retrieval(ER) system for unconscious patients using Medical Bracelets offers an empowering option for individuals affected with chronic illnesses or medical conditions who may present more frequently to the Emergency Medical Service. The project is trying to provide medical help at correct time to an unconscious patient or patient who is unable to communicate can lead to delays in treatment. With Medical Bracelets emergency departments improve efficiency while enhancing the level of patient care. If you have a medical condition such as a life threatening food or medicinal allergy, a pre-existing medical condition or maybe even a rare blood type, a medical bracelet may be the only communication you have to let emergency medical staff know so that they can provide the proper treatment for you without potentially doing more harm. RF Transmitter is used as Medical Bracelet. Receiver section is equipped with RF receiver.

Keywords: Emergency Medical Service(EMS),Radio Frequency(RF),radio frequency identification (RFID),Emergency retrieval(E.R)

[1]. Shivangi Agarwal, Asha Rani,Vijander Singh ,A. P. Mittal "FPGA Based Wireless Emergency Medical System for Developing Countries",2015 Annual Global Online Conference on Information and Computer Technology (GOCICT),available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7545102
[2]. REED M. GARDNER AND M. MICHAEL SHABOT,"Patient-Monitoring Systems",available at http://eknygos.lsmuni.lt/springer/56/585-625.pdf
[3]. Why is India's emergency healthcare system in tatters? Available:http://www.thehealthsite.com/news/why-is-indias-emergencyhealthcare-system-in-tatters/
[4]. Emerging Healthcare: Available:http://modernmedicare.co.in/articles/emergency-healthcaretakingoff-to-the-next-level
[5]. Chanakya Mothukuri1 , K. CH. Prathap Kumar. M,"Patient Monitoring System",International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319‐7064

Abstract: VLSI technology has developed over the year's enhancing the performance of chips in terms of two basic constraints viz., delay and power. This paper basically focuses on the implementation of the technique on combinational logic circuits and experimental delay results have been produced. A 4*4 array multiplier can be designed using logical circuits such as AND gate, EXOR gate, Full adder and Half adder .The multiplier is designed using Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technique. Multiplier is implemented in digital schematic tool. The Layout of the multiplier is obtained and power is calculated in microwind tool along with input and output analysis. This paper shows the comparative study of 4*4 array multiplier using GDI and CMOS technique. The comparative study between GDI and CMOS technique shows GDI is the better one in terms of delay and area.

[1]. K. Yano, Y. Sasaki, K. Rikino, and K. Seki, "Top-down pass-transistor logic design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, pp. 792–803, June 1996.
[2]. T. Sakurai, "Closed-form expressions for interconnection delay, coupling, and crosstalk in VLSI's," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 40, pp. 118–124, Jan. 1993.
[3]. V.Adler and E.G.Friedman, "Delayand power expressions for a CMOS inverter driving a resistive-capacitive load," Analog Integrat. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 14, pp. 29–39, 1997.
[4]. J. R. Burns, "Switching response of complementary symmetry MOS transistor logic circuits," RCA Rev., vol. 25, pp. 627–661, Dec. 1964.
[5]. A. Morgenshtein, A. Fish, I.A Wagner, 2002, "Gate-Diffusion Input(GDI)-A Power efficient Method for Digital Combinational Circuits", IEEE Tran.VLSI,Vol.10,n0.5 pp 566-58

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to propose a theoretical model for explanation and expecting e-learning system utilizationperformance among university lecturers in Nigeria. The projected model expects e-learning system utilization attitudes, e-learning system utilization intentions and technology readiness as independent variables that determine university lecturers'utilization performance. To measure the independent variables this study will utilize self-reported opinions of respondents with regard to their attitudes and intentions toward using e-learning system in the classroom. The principal limitation of the study is that it is introductory in nature, highlighting only on the integration of what extant literature has revealed. However, the model suggested in this study is expected to aid researchers to statistically describe university lecturers' utilization performance with attention to manifold variable factors. The study......

Keywords: Attitude, Behavioral Intention, technology readiness, Nigeria, University Lecturers, Utilization Performance, E-Learning System

[1]. Abu-Shanab, E., & Ababneh, L. Exploring Academicians Acceptance of E-Learning Using an Extended TAM: The Case of Yarmouk University. Journal of Network Communications and Emerging Technologies (JNCET) 2015; 1(1), 1-5
[2]. Acemoglu, D., Moscona, J., & Robinson, J. A. State capacity and American technology: evidence from the nineteenth century. American Economic Review, 2016; 106(5), 61-67.
[3]. Adetunji, A., & Ademola, A. A proposed architectural model for an automatic adaptive e-learning system based on users learning style. IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2014; 5(4), 101-128.
[4]. Agbo, A. D. Strategies for Enhancing the Acquisition of Internet Literacy Skills among the Academic Staff in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Research,2015; 2(1), 200-207.
[5]. Agudo-Peregrina, Á. F., Hernández-García, Á. & Pascual-Miguel, F. J. Behavioural intention, use behaviour and the acceptance of electronic learning systems: Differences between higher education and lifelong learning. Computers in Human Behavior,2014; 34(2014), 301-314.

Abstract: This paper presents multiband U slot rectifying antenna in RF energy harvesting system.The difference between two microstrip patch antennas for energy harvesting system from surrounding RF signals at several frequencies is proposed. The first one is single band antennas at three frequencies 2 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The second one is a compact antenna which operates at the same frequencies at the same time. The design, simulation and fabrication of the proposed antennas were performed. The design of a multiband antenna is based on U-slots shapes. Furthermore, the paper presents RF-DC rectifier using the Agilent diode HSMS-2850 and advanced design system (ADS) simulator. The antenna operates at multi-band frequencies such as GPS band, Wi-Fi band, and Wi-Max band with reflection coefficient below -20 dB. The proposed RF energy harvester system will allow collecting power as much as possible at the desired frequencies.it is very effective in many applications that don't need high power consumption like wireless sensor networks (WSN).

Keywords: Energy harvesting, Microstrip antenna, Rectifier circuits, Multiband antenna.

[1]. E. Thakur, N. Jaglan, S. D. Gupta, and B. K. Kanaujia," A Compact notched UWB MIMO antenna with enhanced performance" Progress In Electromagnetics ResearchC, vol. 91, pp. 39-53, 2019.
[2]. M.-C. Tang, Z. Wu, T. Shi, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Dual-band, linearly polarized, electrically small Huygens dipole antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, pp. 37-47, Jan. 2019.
[3]. J. Ouyang, Y.M. Pan, and S. Y. Zheng, "Center-fed unilateral and pattern reconfigurable planar antennas with slotted ground plane," IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.66, pp. 5139-5149, Oct. 2018.
[4]. Mansoul A and Seddiki ML, "Multiband reconfigurable Bowtie slot antenna using switchable slot extensions for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and WLAN applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.60, pp. 413-418, 2018.
[5]. Tang, H. Wang, T. Deng, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Compact planar ultra wide band antennas with continuously tunable independent band-notched filters," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, pp. 3292-3301, Aug. 2016.

Abstract: Fiber nonlinearities deteriorate the system performance substantially since they compromise fast, robust, and error-free characteristics of an optical network. Some nonlinear features- SBM, SRS, XPM, SPM, and FWM- influence the overall network performance of a wavelength division multiplex (WDM) radio over fiber (RoF) system. Among the nonlinearities, FWM can cause severe performance degradation of the RoF wavelength division multiplex system. In this research article, we analyzed the performance of the WDM RoF system that uses a Hybrid modulator, Dispersion Compensating fiber, and Optical rectangular filters. The method with 50-200 Km fiber span comprises eight channels, each carrying NRZ modulated data with a channel capacity of 5 Gbps, and the first channel operates at 193.0 THz center frequency. The proposed model can cut down FWM effect considerably.

Keywords: Radio-over Fiber (RoF), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Four Wave Mixing (FWM), Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM).

[1]. S. P.Singh and N.Singh, Nonlinear Effects in Optical fibers: Origin, Management and Application, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 73, 249–275, 2007.
[2]. Haider J. Abd, M.H. Al-Mansoori, N. M. Din, F. Abdullah, and H. A. Fadhil, Priority-based parameter optimization strategy for reducing the effects of four-wave mixing on WDM system, Optik, vol. 125, pp. 25-30, 2014.
[3]. H. J Abed, N. M. Din, M.H. AL-Mansoori, H. A Fadhil, and F. Abdullah, Recent four-wave mixing suppression methods, Optik, vol. 124, pp. 2214-2218, 2013.
[4]. Karanjot Singh, and Harmandar Kaur, Simulative Analysis of 40 Gbps DWDM System Using Combination of Hybrid Modulators and Optical Filters for Suppression of Four-Wave Mixing, International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Vol.9, No.7 (2016), pp.213-220.
[5]. Iftikhar Rasheed, Muhammad Abdullah, Qazi Md, Hamza Mansoor, and Zia-ur-Rehman, Novel Approaches for Suppression of Four Wave Mixing in WDM System using Concocted Modulation Techniques, International Conferenceon Frontiers of Information Technology, 2012.

Abstract: In this paper, authors proposed a new algorithm to improve the Random Exponential Marking on TCP/IP network by using Hedge Algebras Controller. Using NS-2 simulator, the results are verified and compared to some traditional AQM algorithms on the same multiple-congested TCP/IP network. The operational efficiency of AQM algorithms were evaluated in a large network traffic conditions, dynamical changes and large transmission delay.

[1]. Aoyama. T, A new generation network: Beyond the Internet and NGN, Communications Magazine, IEEE, Volume: 47 (5): 82 – 87, 2009.
[2]. Athuraliya S., Lapsley D. E., Low S. H, Random early marking for Internet congestion control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 15(3): 48-53, 2001.[3]. Binh Lam Hoang, Fei Luo, Duy Nguyen Tien, Phuong Huy Nguyen, "Dissolved Oxygen Control of the Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process Using Hedge Algebraic Control", Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), 7th International Conference (BMEI 2014), pp 827 – 832, 2014
[4]. C.H. Nguyen, N. L. Vu, X. V. Le, "optimal hedge-algebra-based controller: Design and application", Fuzzy Set. Syst., 159, pp. 968-989, 2008
[5]. Chrysostomou. C., Fuzzy Logic Congestion Control in TCP/IP Tandem Networks , ISCC'06 Proceedings 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, pp.123 – 129, 2006.

Abstract: In the proposed technique, an attempt was made more on lossless compression due to the data substance of the critical segment as in we won't dispose of any wavelet coefficients. Be that as it may, because of the intrinsic idea of wavelet encoding and consequent round off blunders there was in every case some misfortune related with the encoding plan. It comprises of the Transformation, Quantization, and compression. The outcome demonstrates that the method utilized here would be of the precise method of compression in the required range. What's more, the method utilizes the lossy compression with the two frequencies like high-frequency energy dispersion and low-frequency spatial area. The high compression rate was of 97.1%.

Keywords- Wavelet coefficient, transformation, quantization, compression and lossy compression.

[1]. Acharya, T., & Tsai, P. S. (2005). JPEG2000 standard for image compression: concepts, algorithms and VLSI architectures. John Wiley & Sons.
[2]. Rabbani, M., & Joshi, R. (2002). An overview of the JPEG 2000 still image compression standard. Signal processing: Image communication, 17(1), 3-48.
[3]. Wang, X., & Meng, J. (2008). A 2-D ECG compression algorithm based on wavelet transforms and vector quantization. Digital Signal Processing, 18(2), 179-188. [4]. Beghdadi, A., Larabi, M. C., Bouzerdoum, A., & Iftekharuddin, K. M. (2013). A survey of perceptual image processing methods. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 28(8), 811-831. [5]. Hsiang, S. T. (2001). Embedded image coding using zero blocks of subband/wavelet coefficients and context modeling. In Data Compression Conference, 2001. Proceedings. DCC 2001. (pp. 83-92). IEEE..

Abstract: The adeptness of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) modelin combination with a Two-stage transmit antenna selection technique is addressed for the upcoming generation of cellular mobile communication. The primary goal of achieving low cost, low complexity with high diversity gain is significantly contributed by the merge of the recently proposed non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and transmit antenna selection (TAS) techniques. The mobile traffic is on the increase exponentially and the demand is to have a considerable gain in the capacity and.......

Keywords- NOMA,Multicast group,Transmit Antenna selection, Spectral efficiency

[1] Amjad Saeed Khan, Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou, Sangarapillai Lambortharan, Gan Zheng "Network-Coded NOMA with Antenna Selection for the support of Two Heterogeneous Groups of Users" IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.1332-1345, February 2018.
[2] X. Liu and X. Wang , "Efficient antenna selection and user scheduling in 5G massive MIMO-NOMA system" in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Nanjing, China, pp. 1-5, May 2016.
[3] Shahab Sanayei and Aria Nosratini, "Antenna Selection in MIMO Systems" IEEE Communications Magazine, pp.68-73, November 2004.
[4] Neelesh B. Mehta and Salil Kashyap, Andreas F. Molisch, "Antenna Selection in LTE: From Motivation to Specification" IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 144 – 150, October 2012.
[5] V Y Zhang, J. Ge, and E. Serpedin, "Performance analysis of nonorthogonal multiple access for downlink networks with antenna selection over Nakagami-m fading channels," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 10590-10594, Nov. 2017...