iosr-JECE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2021

Abstract: Background: In the present time followers are the approaching load carriers, a worldwide positioned system controlled machine-controlled radio-controlled vehicle acknowledges the surroundings to determine the placement of all things. With none infrastructure, additionally to self-propelled vehicle equipped with radio-controlled positioned technology notice and sense obstacles, racks and walls inside the ware house. Exploitation these established quotation; it will position itself, in real times and verify its route and correct positions. They are not any limitations to hide any distances and created variety of acquire and drop are made.

Keywords: Automated Guided Vehicle, GPS Receiver and Transfer Data-Bluetooth Module, GPS Feed

[1]. Sonali Patil. ;Shrutika Patil. ;Anuja Patil. ;Prof. Deshmukh, S. (2019). "Automatic Luggage Follower" (IRJET), 2199-2202.
[2]. Krishn Kumar Yadav. ;Abhishek Yadav. ;Nitesh Tiwari. (2020). "Design and Implementing Automatic Follower Bag" Easy Chair Preprint.
[3]. Jiangzhou, L. U. ;Sepanta Sekhavat. ;Christian Laugier. (1999). "Fuzzy Variable-Structure Control for Nonholonomic Vehicle Path Tracking" INRIA Rh6ne- Alpes ZIRST-655 av de 1'Europe 38330 Montbonnot, France, 465-470.
[4]. Yi Ma. ;Jana Koseck. ;Shankar S. (1999). "Vision Guided Navigation For A Nonholonomic Mobile Robot" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOL. 15, NO. 3, 521-530.
[5]. Dean Pomerleau, P. "Progress In Neural Network- Based Vision For Autonomous Robot Driving", 391-396.

Abstract: Wide areas such as remote and rural areas in the world suffer from poor or the absence of communication (phone and internet) services due to the lack or weak network coverage from telecommunications companies in these areas, and often the only possibility mean for an internet connection is the use of satellite-based link, this is why satellite communication services where developed to provide large ranges and capacities with the lowest cost , the aim of this paper is to assess two operating geostationary satellites in Sudan which are Nilesat 102 and Arabsat Badr-6 to evaluate their abilities to provide possible communication services such as mobile satellite.......

Keywords: Geostationary Satellites, Performance Evaluation, Communication Services, Coverage, Link Analysis

[1] P. Chini, G. Giambene, and S. Kota, "A survey on mobile satellite systems," Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 29–57, 2010.
[2] G. M. Bousquet,'' Satellite Communications Systems'', Fifth. Wiley, 2009.
[3] Y. Lee and J. P. Choi, "Performance evaluation of high-frequency mobile satellite communications," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 49077–49087, 2019.
[4] C. Science and M. Studies, "A Study on Satellite Communication Network," vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 91–98, 2016.
[5] M. Furqan, "Efficient Utilization of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Spectrum for Satellites in Lower Earth Orbits," in Proceedings from 19th Australian Space Research Conference, 2019, p. 109.
[6] D. Hiatt and Y. B., "Issues and Trends in Satellite Telecommunications," Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 76–79, 2017, doi: 10.14569/ijacsa.2017.080312.

Abstract: In this paper, minimizing edge diffraction in parabolic antenna for satellite communication has been achieved by deploying MTPOapproach. Edge Point Technique (EPT) and Stationery Point Method (SPM) were used by MTPO to model the edge diffraction and scattered fields, in order to reduce edge diffraction that manifested as side lobe radiations. Polar and rectangular plots were used to compare the results of both MTPO and PO (Physical Optics) approach. It was seen that edge diffraction appeared as side lobes that depends on antenna distance between the focus and reflecting surface. It was also seen from the result that MTPO considered two surfaces (perfectly conducting surface (PCS) and aperture), which gave reduced side lobe radiation as compared to the PO, which used only the PCS. The reduction in side lobes from MTPO and PO are 1dB, 2dB and 1dB respectively.......

Keywords: MTPO, PO, Edge Diffraction, Parabolic Antenna, Detour Parameter.

[1]. Dandu, .O. (2013). Optimized design of axially symmetrical cassegrain reflector antenna using iterative local search algorithm. A Published M.Tech project of National Institute of Technology.
[2]. Yahya, R.S & Rand, (2015). Reflector antenna developments a prospective on the past, present and future. An IEEE antennas and propagation magazine, 57 (2).
[3]. Biebuma, J.J (2017). Radio propagation for mobile communication. Net code Research and printing house Choba, Port Harcourt. ISBN: 978-978-54815-5-2.
[4]. Turk A.S (2005).Analysis of aperture illumination and edge rolling effects for parabolic reflector antenna design. International Journal of Electronics and communication ACU 60(2006), 257-266.
[5]. Lorenzo, J.A.M, Pino, A.G, Vega, .I, Arias, .M. &Rubinos, (2005).Induced current analysis of reflector antenna (ICARA). IEEE Antenna and Propagation Magazine 47 (2).

Abstract: The Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) among many other telecommunication industries embrace the use of fiber optic technology to deploy their networks to offer services to their customers based on its numerous advantages. The advantages are not limited to its immunity to electromagnetic wave pick up, high capacity of bandwidth for data and voice activities, and immunity to cross talk. It is without doubt that the fiber optic network infrastructure deployed by the MTN has suffered frequent fiber cuts. In addition, these cuts have had impactsnegatively on the quality of service delivery to its numerous customers across the length and breadth of Ghana. Furthermore, the cuts have had negative effects on the financial status of the aforementioned telecom industry. Hence, research was embarked on to delve into the most serious impacts that resulted from the frequent fiber cuts..........

Keywords: Fiber optic, Telecommunication, Financial, Scientific, Network, expenditure

[1]. Adams, L., (2009), "Overview of Fibre Infrastructure Opportunities in the UbuntuNet Region", International Development Research Centre, Canada, [online] available on https://idl-bnc. idrc. ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/40489/1/128889.pdf, Accessed on 6th August 2016.
[2]. Afzal, I. M., n.d., Effect of Fiber Cut in Pakistan, Telenor Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd, http:// www.sanog.org/resources/sanog6/idrees-pk-fibercut.pdf, Accessed on 13th July 2016
[3]. Allwood, M. C., (2011), "The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods is problematic", [online] available on http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/ schatz berg /ps816 /Allwood 2012.pdf, Accessed on 21st August 2016.
[4]. Anon, (2002), "Installation Guide For Optical Fibre Cable", [online] available on http://www.nexans.fr/ France/group/doc/fr_FR/INSTALLATION _GUIDE _Rev.1.0.pdf, Accessed on 17th July 2017.

Abstract: A very important factor in radio transmission design is ascertaining the level of signal strength variation with distance from the transmitter, this is key in determining the coverage area of a transmitter. Though much work on this has been done by researchers in recent times, majority of the works are on Frequency Modulated signals with little or no work on Ultra High Frequency television signals. This work determines the variation pattern of the electric field strength distribution of the Niger Delta Television, Channel 41 Yenagoa. The investigation involves the use of signal Strength meter in measuring the electric field strength of the signals along the various lines of propagation away from the transmitter. The data obtained was analyzed to determine the areas with minimum and optimal coverage. Distance was found not to be the only determining factor in the areas of minimal coverage, rather elevation and vegetation were found to be key factors affecting poor coverage.

Keywords: Signal Strength, Transmission, Signal, Television Broadcast

[1]. P.C. Iwuji and C. Emeruwa (2018), "Investigation of Signal Strength-Level Generated by Orient 94.4 FM Transmitter in Imo State Nigeria". International Journal of Science and Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, Pp 1089-1094.
[2]. O.O. Fagbohun (2014), "Studies of Electric Field Strength Distribution of UHF Television Signal Propagation in Ekiti State Nigeria". IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pp 111-121.
[3]. G.O. Ajayi, and I.E. Owolabi (1975), "Medium Wave Propagation Curves (for use in medium Wave transmission planning and design)" Technical Report of the Radio Wave Propagation Research Group, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Ife, Nigeria.
[4]. L. Bothias, (1987), Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw-Hill Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisca Montreal Toronto, 144175.
[5]. Beasley and Miller (2010): Modern Electronic Communication, 8th edition, Prentice Hall of India pvt. Ltd

Abstract: Approximately 36.5 million tons of garbage is produced by the country annually. If dustbin is not maintained then these can cause an unhealthy environment and can cause pollution that affects our health. The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in keeping our environment clean and reduce human interaction. This smart garbage bin is built using IoT and Robotics. It consists of hardware such as microcontroller, motor driver IC, Wi- fi module, servo motor, battery, etc. which is controlled by remote. The arms of the dustbin move with the help of the servo motors. This project aims to be a better and updated version of the current.......

Key Word: IoT, robotics, Arduino; microcontroller; Motor driver IC; servo motor

[1]. S.S. Navghane, M.S. Killedar, Dr.V.M. Rohokale, IoT Based Garbage and Waste Collection Bin, May 2016.
[2]. S. Sulthan Alaudeen, Dr.Lakshmi A, Degradable and Non-Degradable Waste Separation Using Intelligent Approach International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2019
[3]. R. M. Sahu, A. Godase et al., "Garbage and street light monitoring system using internet of things," International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, vol. 4, issue 4, April 2016
[4]. Mr.Varun Chaudhary1, Mr. Rohit Kumar2, Mr. Anil Rajput3, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019
[5]. S. Sulthan Alaudeen, Dr.Lakshmi A, Degradable and Non-Degradable Waste Separation Using Intelligent Approach International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2019

Abstract: Driving assistance and mishap succour endeavour several services along with minimizing the hazard of accidents by alerting and controls the security of handling vehicles. Suppose the vehicle crosses the hazard ratio and is raised up a certain threshold, a programmed logic is triggered to diminish it through initiating various processes. Nevertheless, it is affordable for mid-range cars and tackles many issues that drivers might face on the road. Driving assistance and mishap succour hold a genuine prospect to advance roadway safety and to minimize the danger of collisions and accidents as many of such clashes are caused by the negligence of humans either by alcohol or fatigue or by rash driving, over- taking or unable to track another vehicle. The proposed system is a blend of real-time IoT verticals, software and hardware. The system's working.....

Key Word: Vehicle Automation, ESP32 cam module-based project, Internet of Things, Driving Assistance, Electronics Project Black Box, Microcontroller, Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).

[1]. J. White, Wreck Watch, automatic traffic accident detection and notification with smartphones, Mobile Networks and Applications 16 (2011) 285–303.
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[4]. URL https://savelifefoundation.org/
[5]. URL https://www.deviseelectronics.com/