iosr-JECE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. - Oct. 2022

Abstract: In this research, an inset-fed rectangular microstrip antenna is designed and optimized in order to use with 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized at 28 GHz centered frequency. The optimaldimensions are 3.285 mm and 4.232 mm for patch length and width respectively with microstrip line width of 0.4481mmand length of 4.037 mm. inset distance is varying in order to control input impedance. The proposed antenna resonates at 27.9832 GHz with return loss of -18.85587 dB and bandwidth of 1.46395 GHz.

Key Word: Microstrip Antenna, Patch Antenna, Inset-Fed, Optimization, Millimeter, Return Loss, Bandwidth, 5G.

[1]. Omar Darboe, Dominic Bernard Onyango Koditi and Franklin Manene, "A 28 GHz Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications", 0974-3154, volume 12, number 6 (2019), pp. 854-857
[2]. Youssef El Gholb, Mohamed El Bakkali, AhmedMounsef, Ikram Tabakh, Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi, "A 9-shaped Antenna for 5G Applications", 978-1-5386-2123-3/17/$31.00© 2017 IEEE.
[3]. IlhemGharbi, Rim Barrak, Mourad Menif, HediRagad, "Design of patch array antennas for future 5G applications", 978-1-5386-1084-8/17//$31.00© 2017 IEEE.
[4]. Yassine JANDI, Fatima GHARNATI, Oulad said ahmed, "Design of a compact Dual bands patch antenna for 5G Applications", 978-1-5090-6681-0/17//$31.00© 2017 IEEE.
[5]. David Alvarez Outerelo, Ana Vazquez Alejos, Manuel Garcia Sanchez, Maria Vera Isasa, "Microstrip Antenna for 5G Broadband Communications: Overview of Design Issues", 978-1-4799-7815-1/15/$31.00© 2015 IEEE..

Abstract: Plant disease identification by visual way is increasingly difficult and simultaneously less accurate. However in the event that disease detection technique is used, it will take less time and processing power and proves to be progressively exact. Some broad maladies in plants appear dark coloured, yellow spots, and some are infectious, viral and bacterial diseases. Image processing is being used for estimation of infected area. Image segmentation is the process of collecting images into different parts. Now a day there are various strategies used for preforming image segmentation, stretching out from the fundamental threshholding procedure to forefront concealing picture division systems. A computer does not any special technique for intelligent objects recognition, so a great......

Key Word: Multi Leaf Disease Detection, Pre-processing, Classification algorithms, Feature Extraction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) etc

[1]. Sharada P. Mohanty, David P. Hughes and Marcel Salathé, "Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection", Frontiers in plant science, vol. 7, pp. 1419, 2016. Show Context CrossRef Google Scholar
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[3]. Savary Serge et al., "The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops", Nature ecology & evolution, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 430, 2019.
[4]. Hanson, A.M.J.; Joy, A.; Francis, J. Plant leaf disease detection using deep learning and convolutional neural network. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Comput. 2017, 7, 5324–5328.
[5]. Lu, Y.; Yi, S.J.; Zeng, N.Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Identification of rice diseases using deep convolutional neural networks. Neurocomputing 2017, 267, 378–384

Abstract: In this article a circularly polarized circular microstrip patch antenna is proposed for 28 GHz, 5 G applications. The proposed antenna is designed on RT duroid of relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and height 0.508 mm. Two orthogonal feed lines are used to excite the circular patch, to generate the two orthogonal fields. The various parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern and axial ratio etcof the purposed antenna has been investigated.

Key Word: 5G, Microstrip Patch Antenna, Circular Polarization.

[1]. B. Li, S. Zhang, A. G. Dempster, and C. Rizos, ""Impact of RNSSs on positioning in the Asia-Oceania region,‟‟ J. Global Positioning Syst., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 114–124, 2011.
[2]. K. M. Mak, H. W. Lai, K. M. Luk and C. H. Chan, "Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for Future 5G Mobile Phones," in IEEE Access, vol. 2, pp. 1521-1529, 2014.
[3]. R. M. Shubair, A. M. AIShamsi, K. Khalaf, and A. Kiourti, "Novel miniature wearable microstrip antennas for ISM-band biomedical telemetry," in Antennas Propagation Conference (!APC), Loughborough, pp. 1--4.2015
[4]. M. E. Shorbagy, R. M. Shubair, M. I. AlHajri and N. K. Mallat, "On the design of millimetre-wave antennas for 5G," 2016 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MM), pp. 1-4.
[5]. T. Manabe, Y. Miura, and T. Ihara, "Effects of antenna directivity and polarization on indoor multipath propagation characteristics at 60GHz," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 441–448, 1996.

Abstract: Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have attracted researchers due to their high absorption coefficient at longer wavelength, low noise, high operational speed and high infrared sensitivity. In this work the author has proposed an intersubabnd GeSn/SiGeSn QWIP on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The top SiO2 anti-reflection layer and bottom buried oxide layer create vertical cavity effect that considerably increased the light-matter interaction inside the QWIP and thereby the optical response. After that different theoretical approaches have been discussed to increase the 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of the QWIP without compromising detectivity. This work suggests that the proposed GeSn/SiGeSn QWIPs on SOI are an encouraging contender for higher 3-dB BW along with high detectivity in mid infrared region for optical detection

Key Word: Mid-infrared, photodetectors, 3-dB Bandwidth, Responsivity, Detectivity.

[1]. P. Pareek, R. Ranjan, S. K. Pandey, J. K. Mishra, A. K. Kushwaha, "Performance Comparison of Tin based Group IV SQWIP and MQWIP in Dark Conditions," Nanophotonics VIII, Proc. of SPIE, 11345, p. 113452A, 2020.
[2]. S. D. Gunapala, J. S. Park, G. Sarusi, L. True_Lon, J. K. Liu, P. D. Maker, "15μm 128×128 GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array camera," IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 44, pp. 45-50, 1997.
[3]. S. D. Gunapala, S. V. Bandara, A. Singh, J. K. Liu, B. Rafol, "640×486 long wavelength two color GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array camera," IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 47, pp. 963-971, 2000.
[4]. A. Rogalski, "Infrared detectors: an overview," Infrared Phys. Tech. 43, pp. 187-202, 2002.
[5]. V. Gueriaux, N. de Brierel'Isle, A. Berurier et al., "Quantum well infrared photodetectors: present and future," Opt. Engg. 50, p. 061013, 2011..

Abstract:this paper evaluates the performance of a newly introduced Error mitigation technique utilizing Phase-Congruency (PC) concept that is usually used in image processing for optimizing the reception
performance of Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in dense Multipath fading channel model using Selective-RAKE Receiver in presence of Multiple-User-Interference (MUI). System models used in this paper are based on both Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping as spreading techniques for the UWB Pulses. UWB System presented in this paper studied the performance of RAKE Receiver with different number of RAKE Fingers. The analysis and simulation have been run using the 6th derivative of UWB Gaussian pulse which is the new Pulse Shape studied in the paper. The analysis.....

Key Word: Bit-Error-Rate (BER), Phase-Congruency (PC), Direct-Sequence (DS), Federal- Communication-Commission (FCC), Multiple-User-Interference (MUI), Signal-to Noise-Ratio (SNR), Time-
Hopping (TH), Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Power-Spectral-Density (PSD).

[1]. Ian Oppermann, Matti Hamalainen "UWB Theory and Applications," Book, pp. 15–80.
[2]. M.Ghavami, L.B.Michael "Ultra-Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering," Book, pp. 26–113.
[3]. Amer Nezirovic, "Parameter Optimization in UWB Impulse Radio for Single User Scenario". New York, Master Thesis 2009, ch.2,3, 4.
[4]. B. M.Mezzour, "Direct Sequence UWB performance over STDL " paper Journal, vol.3.
[5]. Andreas F. Molisch, "UWB Wireless Channels – Propagation Aspects and Interplay with System Design" IEEE Trans. Vol.4 2010.

Abstract: At the last decades, the secured multimedia data has become essential to protect the multimedia contents from unauthorized persons. Generally, various techniques have been used to disguise significant image data from intruders, one of them the chaotic encryption to prevent the vulnerable to eavesdropping. In this review article, a review of existing chaotic encryption techniques will be conducted highlighting the advantages and shortcomings in relation to suitability for image security.

Key Word: Image encryption Security, Logistic map, Sine map, Chebyshev map Arnold cat map, LFSR,AES and block cipher.

[1]. A. Uhl and A. Pommer, Image and video encryption: from digital rights management to secured personal communication, vol. 15, Springer, 2005.
[2]. C. Paar and J. Pelzl, Understanding cryptography: a textbook for students and practitioners, Springer Science \& Business Media, 2009.
[3]. J. L. Imana, "LFSR-Based Bit-Serial $ GF (2\^{} m) $ G F (2 m) Multipliers Using Irreducible Trinomials," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 156-162, 2020.
[4]. L. Kocarev and S. Lian, Chaos-based cryptography, Springer, 2011.
[5]. Y. Mao and G. Chen, "Chaos-based image encryption," in Handbook of Geometric Computing, Springer, 2005, pp. 231-265..

Abstract: The Key Objective is HDL RTL Design Architecture of Ultra high multi Clock Frequency Speed Rate ( MHz, GHz, THz, PHz, EHz, ZHz, etc) Bits Per Second Baud Rate ) P.R.B.S(Pseudo Random Binary Sequence) Transceiver Soft A.S.I.C IP Core product for identification of the property of Different Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Patterns (Seed Words) of 2e7-1, 2e10-1, 2e15-1, 2e23-1, 2e31-1 tapped elements as per C.C.I.T.T-I.T.U Standards and IEEE-754 Single and Double Data Rate Data Precision Standards (32 bit & 64 Bit Data Width ) suited for Very Advanced....

Key Word: P.R.B.S- Pseudo Random Binary Sequence, Wi-Fi-Wireless Fidelity, F.P.G.A – Field Programmable Gate Array, IDE – Integrated Development Environment. C.C.I.T.T- Consulting Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone, I.T.U- International Telecommunication Union, A.S.I.C- Application Specific Integrated Circuit, E.D.A- Electronic Design Automation

[1]. "ITU-T Recommendation O.150". October 1992.
[2]. Tomlinson, Kurt (4 February 2015). "PRBS (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence)". Bloopist. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
[3]. Paul H. Bardell, William H. McAnney, and Jacob Savir, "Built-In Test for VLSI: Pseudorandom Techniques", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.
[4]. Wikipedia, "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Pseudorandom_binary_sequence"
[5]. Wikipedia "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Linear_feedback_shift_register.

Abstract: The Ambition is to HDL RTL Design & Verification for "Ultra High Frequency baud rate Data transfer speed (Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta ,Yotta ,Xona ,Weka Hertz Data transfer/Seconds) General Data Serialize and De-serialize ASIC /SOC Array Card design of Different Data Stream Lengths ( 32,64, 128, 256 bit) and PRBS Data Serialize and De serialize of Various Different PRBS Tapped Seed word patterns- (2e7-1, 2e10-1, 2e15-1, 2e23-1, 2e31-1, 2e48-1,2e52,-1, 2e63,-1) for ultra high Speed Long Distance 6th Sense Space/Satellite Wireless Data Serialize De-Serialize Communication Smart Computing Products". The 32,64,128,256 Data stream bit width based Data......

Key Word: EDA – Electronic Design Automation, ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit, SOC- System on Chip , RTL – Register Transfer Level, PRBS- Pseudo Random Binary sequence

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