iosr-JECE   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. - Feb. 2023

Abstract: The increase in the number of low-cost, light weight, highly reliable and low-profile antennas for wireless devices poses a new challenge for the design of antennas for wireless communication. Microstrip antennas meet these requirements because of their inherent characteristics but they are however limited by a number of factors such as bandwidth, directivity and gain. Also, given the number of devices operating in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, issue of overcrowding the frequency band arises since it has only three (3) overlapping channels, thus the need to have a multiband antenna covering the ISM band as well as 5.2, 6.5 and 7 GHz cannot be overemphasized because 5 GHz band has eight (8) overlapping channels which can handle transfer of more sensitive data without interference and with minimal packet loss and delay. This paper presents the design.....

Keywords:Multi-band, Microstrip, Finite Integration Technique (FIT), Bandwidth, WLAN.

[1]. L. Stutzman Warren and G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd ed., vol. 53, no. 9. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[2]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design., 3rd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
[3]. Y. Cheng, J. Lu, and B. qing Sheng, "MIMO handset antenna for 5G/WLAN applications," Frontiers of Information Technology and Electronic Engineering, vol. 21, no. 1. Zhejiang University, pp. 182–187, 01-Jan-2020.
[4]. N. Sharma and V. Sharma, "A design of Microstrip Patch Antenna using hybrid fractal slot for wideband applications," Ain Shams Eng. J., pp. 4–10, 2017.
[5]. P. Sharma, S. K. Jha, and P. P. Bhattacharya, "Design of a Slotted Triple Band Triangular Patch Antenna for 3G and WLAN Applications," no. August, 2016..

Abstract: This paper developed an energy detection algorithm using MATLAB to determine the availability of a spectrum by testing the spectrum for false alarms using the energy detector. The research was carried out on a system whose Noise Power value was known before the detection and was fixed. Additive White Gaussian Noise distribution test Statistics was used to analyze when Noise power is perfectly known, and develop an energy detection algorithm in MATLAB to evaluate probability of detection, probability of false alarm, and signal to noise.....

Keywords:Energy detection, Noise, Spectrum, detection, false alarm

[1]. Byun, B.S., Kansanen, K. and Gil, J.M. (2017). Achieving fair spectrum allocation and reduced spectrum handoff in wireless sensor networks: modeling via biobjective optimization. International conference on Decision and Game Theory for Security (GameSec), 4:325-334.
[2]. Urkowitz H. 2018", "Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals." Elsevier Computer Communications, 18(10):722-730.
[3]. Ovum, O. (2016). 5G Fixed-Wireless Access, Providing Fiber Speeds Over the Air While also Helping Pave the Way for 5G Full Mobility, Samsung, 154pp.
[4]. Maria, A., Jana E. S. and Gerald S. S. (2018). Trusted collaborative spectrum sensing for mobile cognitive radio networks, 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM. 32:283-293.
[5]. Mariani, A. Giorgetti, A. and Chiani, M. (2010), "Energy detector design for cognitive radio applications," in Proc. 2010 IEEE Int. Waveform Diversity & Design Conf., pp. 53–57.

Abstract: the influence of the distance on the remote IR (infrared) sensor assisted measurement system of the temperature is analyzed. Using the MLX90640 Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera sensor, it displays the temperature of the object in a clear color corresponding to its temperature. Of course, this sensor allows us to see where the temperature is maximum and where it is minimum, depending on the image of the object. However, the result is affected by the distance between the object and the temperature sensor. We developed a small model project using ESP32 microcontroller, Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera MLX90640, with an array output of 24 × 32 pixels, TFT SPI 240x320 LCD monitor and HC-SR04 sensors. We analyzed the effect of object and infrared sensor distance on temperature.

Keyword- ESP32 microcontroller, TFT SPI 240x320 LCD display, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, mlx90640 Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera

[1]. https://www.robotique.tech/robotics/radar-controlled-by-esp32
[2]. https://www.melexis.com/en/documents/documentation/datasheets/datasheet-mlx90640 (1 page)
[3]. Geeksvalley, "Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04", Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, https://geeksvalley.com
[4]. Etechnog, (electrical, electronics & technology) "ESP32 Pinout Diagram(30-pin Devkit)", https://www.etechnog.com/
[5]. GrishaSpasov, Vasil Tsvetkov, GalidiyaPetrova "Using IR array MLX90640 to build an IoT solution for ALL and security smart systems" Proc. XXVIII International Scientific Conference Electronics - ET2019, September 12 - 14, 2019, Sozopol, Bulgaria..

Abstract:Security is the main concern in the current world. Recently there are many security systems are developed for securing Home, offices and Personal Properties. The security system includes camera, fingerprint identification, RFID and sensors. In all this security system camera face recognition system is most common, it takes less time for implementation and installation.
In this work, a system is implemented that recognise the family members of the home by face recognition and rang a simple bell. Whereas......

Keyword- face recognition, Open CV, Bell, E-mail

[1]. Ruian Liu Mimi Zhang Shengtao Ma, "Design of Face Detection and Tracking System", 2010 IEEE 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing.
[2]. Rafael C. Gonzalez. 2009. Digital Image Processing. Pearson Education India.
[3]. Yi-Qing Wang. 2014. An Analysis of the Viola-Jones Face Detection Algorithm. Image Processing on Line. 4: 128-148.
[4]. Harshal V. Khodaskar, Shashank Mane "Human Face Detection & Recognition Using Raspberry Pi" International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science ISSN: 2454-1311.
[5]. Shrutika V. Deshmukh, Prof Dr. U. A. Kshirsagar "Face Detection and Face Recognition Using Raspberry Pi", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017