iosr-JECE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ May - Jun. 2024

Abstract: Recent years Application Design verification and RTL Engineers and scientists facing biggest challenge on effective quality moderate long distance high speed high frequency wireless communication system designs to get original high quality modulated and demodulated serial/ parallel signal with effective frequency bandwidth spectrum and baud rate data transfer without signal loss/ distortion, signal interference noise and degradation, timing violations, glitches, crosstalk.......

Keyword: PRBS Pseudo random binary sequence, CCITT- consulting committee for international telegraph and telephone, ITU- International Telecom unit, RTL- Register transfer level, HDL- Hardware description language, ASIC- Application specific integrated circuit, GPS- Global position system.

[1] "Itu-T Recommendation O.150". October 1992.
[2] Tomlinson, Kurt (4 February 2015). "Prbs (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence)". Bloopist. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
[3] Paul H. Bardell, William H. Mcanney, And Jacob Savir, "Built-In Test For Vlsi: Pseudorandom Techniques", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987.
[4] Wikipedia, "Http://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/ Pseudorandom_Binary_Sequence"
[5] Wikipedia "Http://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/ Linear_Feedback_Shift_Register"

Abstract: This study presents the development of a low-cost, real-time environmental monitoring system leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. The proposed solution integrates readily available and economical hardware components and open-source software platforms. At the core of the system is an ESP32 microcontroller equipped with sensors capable of measuring air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and particulate matter concentration. The sensor data is collected and processed by the microcontroller, which transmits it wirelessly to the Blynk IoT cloud platform. Blynk provides a user-friendly interface for data visualization, remote monitoring,.......

Keyword: Environmental monitoring, ESP32 microcontroller, Industrial process monitoring, Cloud platform, Precision agriculture..

[1]. M. F. Acevedo, "Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Sensors And Systems", Crc Press, 2016.
[2]. T. Popovic Et Al., "Architecting An Iot-Enabled Platform For Precision Agriculture And Ecological Monitoring: A Case Study", Computers And Electronics In Agriculture, 2017(140), Elsevier, 2017, Pp 255-265
[3]. N. B. Harmancioglu, S. D. Ozkul, O. Fistikoglu, "Integrated Technologies For Environmental Monitoring And Information Production", Paul Geerders Springer Science & Business Media, 2003, Pp 7-13.
[4]. Q. F. Hassan, "Internet Of Things A To Z: Technologies And Applications", Ieee Press, 2018, 7
[5]. W. Doorsamy, B.S Paul, T. Marwala, "The Disruptive Fourth Industrial Revolution: Technology, Society And Beyond", Springer, 2020, Pp 111- 131."

Abstract: This project work demonstrates the usefulness of an accelerometer sensor and how it can be used to move an object using hand gestures. The existing system involves using Remote-controllers to interact with robot car. Remote- controlled cars typically have multiple channels and buttons on the controller, which might be difficult to operate for some users, but Hand gesture controlled car, if designed properly, can simplify the interaction by translating natural hand movements into vehicle commands, making it more user-friendly. The device uses microcontroller, one as the transmitter and other as the receiver. The functioning of the device is based on the serial data transmitted and received through the Bluetooth modules. The data to be transmitted and received is produced by......

Keyword: Accelerometer sensor, Hand Gestures, Serial data, Baud rates..

[1] Arduino, "ARDUINO UNO REV3," (2018) Available: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno- rev3
[2] M. Rawashdeh, "Food Living Outside Play Technology Workshop RF 315/433 MHz Transmitter- receiver Module and Arduino," (2013).
[3] "ASK Super Regenerative Receiver ST-RX02-ASK Receiver General Description: Applications Car security system Wireless security systems Sensor reporting Automation system Remote Keyless entry," 2006.
[4] Analog Devices, "ADXL345 Rev. E." pp. 13. Available: http://www.analog.com
[5] "ADXL345 Digital Accelerometer," 2019.

Abstract: We grated nine fruits and vegetables and filtered through a 20-micron paper filter to extract the plant cell vacuoles, and measured the S-parameters in the frequency range from 1 to 100 MHz. The primary equivalent circuit of the plant cell vacuole was a parallel circuit of resistance R and capacitance C. The value of R varied with the plant species, while the value of C was almost constant. Comparison with the equivalent circuit of NaCl solutions at different molar concentrations indicates that in plant cells, the resistance R is determined by the ion concentration in the plant vacuole and the capacitance C by the polar water molecules.

Keyword: EIS; plant cell; vacuole; S-parameter; equivalent circuit; vegetable and fruit.

[1]. A. Fuentes, J. L. Vzquez-Gutierrez, Maria B. Perez-Gago, E. Vonasek, N. Nitin, D. M. Barrett, "Application Of Non-Destructive Impedance Spectroscopy To Determination Of The Effect Of Temperature On Potato Microstructure And Texture", Journal Of Food Engineering, 133, Pp.16-22, (2014). Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jfoodeng.(2014).02.016
[2]. D. E. Khaled, N. Novas, J. A. Gazquez, R. M. Garcia, F. Manzano-Agugliaro, "Fruit And Vegetable Quality Assessment Via Dielectric Sensing", Sensors, 15, Pp.15363-15397, (2015). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/S150715363
[3]. X. Zhao, Hong Zhuang, S. Yoon, Y. Dong, W. Wang, And W. Zhao, "Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy For Quality Assessment Of Meat, Fish: A Review On Basic Principles, Measurement Methods, And Recent Advances", Hindawi Journal Of Food Quality, 6370739, 16 Pages, (2017). Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2017/6370739
[4]. B. M. Aboalnaga, L. A. Said, A. H. Madian, A. S. Elwakil, A. G. Radwan, "Cole Bio-Impedance Model Variations In Daucus Carota Sativus Under Heating And Freezing Conditions, "Ieee Open Access, Vol.7, Pp.113254-113263, (2019).
Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/Access.(2019).2934322
[5]. I.Jocsak, G. Vegvari, E. Vozary, "Electrical Impedance Measurement On Plants: A Review With Some Insights To Other fields", Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 31:359-375, (2019). Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S40626-019-00152-Y(0123456789)

Abstract: This paper introduces an assistive technology solution aimed at aiding visually impaired individuals in identifying currency notes, utilizing the ESP32 CAM microcontroller and TensorFlow image classification model. Upon activation, the ESP32 CAM captures an image of the currency note, which is transmitted to a cloud server hosting the TensorFlow model via an API. The model processes the image and returns classification results indicating the denomination of the currency note. To enhance accessibility, feedback is provided through a piezo buzzer and vibration motor, with the number of beeps......

Keyword: Assistive technology, visually impaired, ESP32 CAM, TensorFlow, Image classification, Currency notes identification.

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Abstract: Light Fidelity (Li- Fi) is a wireless optical networking system that transmits data using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This technology results in high speed, bi-directional wireless communication with the help of optical sources and detectors. This work focuses on the mathematical model for the design of a filter to obtain the improved signal-to-noise (SNR) for the different audio signal ranges that can be used to strengthen the received signal and results high the power density. This paper presents Li-Fi filter that has been implemented for various audio frequency signals......

Keyword: Audio frequency filter, Light Fidelity, Signal to noise ratio, Visible light communication, Internet of things

[1] M. Müller Et Al., "Lifi With 5g For The Smart Factory," 2022 Ieee Wireless Communications And Networking Conf. (Wcnc), Austin, Tx, Usa, 2022, Pp. 2310-2315, 2022.
[2] D. D. Diambeki, R.E. Mandiya, K. Kyamakya And S.K. Kasereka, "Securing The Light Escaping In A Li-Fi Network Environment," Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 201, Pp. 684-689, 2022.
[3] Max Riegel, "Lifi Standardization Status And Evolution," In Lifi Conference, Eindhoven, 2022.
[4] K. Manivannan, A. Avaninathan, R. Sivanantha, And S. Selvendran, "Channel Characterization For Visible Light Communication With The Help Of Matlab", Intl. Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer Science And Software Engineering (Ijarcsse ), Vol. 5, No. 12, 2015.
[5] G. Mongia, H. Verma, And G. Verma, "Design And Analysis Of Li-Fi System," Intl. Journal Of Innovative Research In Technology (Ijirt), Vol. 7, No. 6, 2020

Abstract: Parkinson's disease poses significant challenges for individuals, particularly in daily living activities such as eating and communication. This project addresses these challenges through two key objectives: the development of a self-stabilizing spoon and an effective communication tool utilizing hand gestures. The development of a self-stabilizing spoon involves the design and implementation to assist Parkinson's disease patients to eat independently with reduced spillage. Parkinson's disease often manifests in tremors and involuntary movements, making it difficult for patients to control eating utensils during meals. The self-stabilizing spoon will incorporate gyroscopic and other.....

Keyword: Parkinson's Disease, Self-Stabilizing Spoon, Stabilization Technologies, Gyroscopic Technology, Communication, Speech Difficulties, Hand Gestures, Reduced Spillage, Efficient Means of Communication

[1] Jaswanth D K, Christopher Lenord J, Pavan S L, C Nagaraju, " Self-Stabilizing Spoon For Parkinson's Ailment ", International Journal Of Engineering And Manufacturing (Ijem), Vol.10, No.5, Pp38-44, 2020.
[2] S. Bhattacharya, R. Krishna, B. Clay And C. Moore, "'Shake_N_Scale': A Measurement System Of Motor Characteristics Of Parkinson's Disease," 2015 Ieee Virtual Conference On Applications Of Commercial Sensors (Vcacs), Raleigh, Nc, Usa, 2015, Pp. 1-16, Doi:10.1109/Vcacs.2015.7439570.
[3] A. S. Adhavi Shri, S. Praveen Kumar And T. Aravind, "Design Of Mems Gyroscope To Detect And Monitor Parkinson's Disease - A Study," International Conference On Smart Structures And Systems - Icsss'13, Chennai, India, 2013, Pp. 77-81, Doi:10.1109/Icsss.2013.6623005.
[4] W. Wang, X. And F. Sun, "Design Of Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscope With Two Degree-Of-Freedom Drive-Mode And Sense-Mode," In Ieee Sensors Journal, Vol. 12, No. 7, Pp. 2460-2464, July 2012, Doi:10.1109/Jsen.2012.2192497.
[5] Chandrasekaran, S., & Veeran, R. (2019, October). Assistive Device For Neurodegenerative Disease Patients Using Iot. In International Conference On Innovative Data Communication Technologies And Application (Pp. 447-452). Springer, Cham.

Abstract: In this paper, we proposed method based on relaxed lexicographic method for the synthesis of linear antenna array with uniform excitation amplitude and non-uniform inter-element spacing. Presented algorithm was used to obtain the optimal position of the elements in order to get the minimum side lobe level and nulls in desired directions. The main difference compared to other methods is that we used a relaxed lexicographic method. We divided the problem.......

Key Word: Array factor, Linear Antenna Array, Null control, Optimization, Side lobe level

[1]. S. Schelkunoff, A Mathematical Theory Of Linear Arrays, Bell Systems Technology Journal, 22, 1, Pp. 80-107 (1943).
[2]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis And Design. 3rd Ed. San Francisco: John Wiley, 2005.
[3]. A. D. Bresler, A New Algorithm For Calculating The Current Distributions Of Dolph – Chebyshev Arrays, Antennas And Propagation, Ieee Transactions, Nov 1980, 28, Pp. 951-952 (1980).
[4]. S. J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves And Antennas. New Jersey: Rutgers University, 2014.
[5]. Y. Cengiz, H. Tokat, Linear Antenna Array Design With Use Of Genetic, Memetic And Tabu Search Optimization Algorithms, In Progress In Electromagnetic Research C, 1, Pp. 63-72 (2008).