iosr-JECE   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ May - Jun. 2025

Abstract: The development and evaluation of a kite-shaped microstrip patch antenna array incorporated with DGS is the main goal of this study. Wideband applicability, improved gain, directivity, and effective current distribution are the goal line of the suggested design, which is well-matched for ISM band submissions. The novel layout uses Fire Resistance FR4 epoxy as the dielectric substrate. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software was used for simulation and parameter optimization, and fabrication to validate the design. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was used for experimental evaluation.

Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna, Defected Ground Structure (DGS), Wireless Communication, Kite Shaped Array Antenna, ISM Band, High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).

[1] S. Zekavat, R. M. Buehrer, G. D. Durgin, L. Lovisolo, Z. Wang, S. T. Goh, And A. Ghasemi, "An Overview On Position Location: Past, Present, Future," Int. J. Wireless Inf. Netw., Vol. 28, Pp. 45–76, 2021.
[2] M. Alsaadi, N. Alotaibi, And W. Ali, "Advanced Iot Technology And Protocols: Review And Future Perspectives," International Journal On Recent And Innovation Trends In Computing And Communication, Vol. 12, Pp. 50–61, May 202
[3] S. Angadi, V. Karteek, C. Ravi, C. Dhanamjayulu, T. Kim, And S. Kumar, "Meta-Atom Loaded Circularly Polarized Triple Band Patch Antenna For Wi-Fi, Ism And X-Band Communications," Heliyon, Vol. 10, 2024, Doi: 10.1016/J.Heliyon.2024.E28906.
[4] Z. U. Islam, A. Bermak, And B. Wang, "A Review Of Microstrip Patch Antenna-Based Passive Sensors," Sensors, Vol. 24, No. 19, P. 6355, 2024, Doi: 10.3390/S24196355.
[5] S. Singh, G. Sethi, And J. S. Khinda, "A Historical Development And Futuristic Trends Of Microstrip Antennas," Int. J. Comput. Digit. Syst., Vol. 12, No. 1, 2022..

Abstract:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM is a widespread method used in modern communications systems, all because it is resistant to frequency-selective fading in addition to its ability to reduce interference between symbols. One of the most important disadvantages of this method is the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio PAPR. This causes energy inefficiency and thus increases the complexity of the transmitting devices. In this study, we present a method to reduce (PAPR) in systems that rely on multiplexing (OFDM) by using the information hiding method, or what is called steganography. Here, steganography hides data, which is often in the form of text, inside the digital .......

Keywords: OFDM; PAPR Reduction; Steganography; Communication Systems; Noise channel; Quality of signal.

[1]. Singh, M., Abd El-Mottaleb, S. A., Ahmed, H. Y., Zeghid, M., Nisar, K. S., Al-Ahmadi, A. N., & Mahmoud, M. (2023). A HighSpeed Integrated OFDM/DPS-OCDMA-Based FSO Transmission System: Impact Of Atmospheric Conditions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 77, 15-29.
[2]. Timande, B. D., & Nigam, M. K. (2023). PAPR Reduction An Effective Approach For Next Frontier MIMO-OFDM Systems. Journal Of Engineering Research, 11(1A).
[3]. Sahoo, S., Panda, C., & Bhanja, U. (2023, May). Performance Evaluation Of An OFDM-FSO-Steganography Model. In 2023 International Conference On Microwave, Optical, And Communication Engineering (ICMOCE) (Pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[4]. Jawhar, Y. A., Audah, L., Taher, M. A., Ramli, K. N., Shah, N. S. M., Musa, M., & Ahmed, M. S. (2019). A Review Of Partial Transmit Sequence For PAPR Reduction In The OFDM Systems. IEEE Access, 7, 18021-18041.
[5]. Liu, Y., Wang, Y., & Ai, B. (2019). An Efficient ACE Scheme For PAPR Reduction Of OFDM Signals With High-Order Constellation. IEEE Access, 7, 118322-118332.

Abstract:Background: The present study addresses video surveillance systems in the identification and monitoring of traffic incidents on state highways in the Island of São Luís. The objective is to analyze video surveillance systems in identifying traffic incidents on the MA highways of the Island of São Luís, observing the efficiency of video surveillance in collecting traffic violations, the variation in traffic incident rates before and after the installation of traffic surveillance cameras.....

Keywords: Video surveillance system; Technology; Road safety; Enforcement; Traffic incidents

[1]. Araújo, J. M. De. Fiscalização De Trânsito Por Videomonitoramento. Ctb Digital, 2013. Disponível Em:
Https://Www.Ctbdigital.Com.Br/Artigo-Comentarista/338. Acesso Em: 6 Jan. 2025.
[2]. Atmosfera Online. Polícia Rodoviária Federal Passa A Utilizar Câmeras Para Monitoramento De Rodovias No Rio Grande Do Sul. Atmosfera Online, 2024. Disponível Em: Https://Www.Atmosferaonline.Com.Br/Policia-Rodoviaria-Federal-Passa- A-Utilizar-Cameras-Para-Monitoramento-De-Rodovias-No-Rio-Grande-Do-Sul/. Acesso Em: 15 Fev. 2025.
[3]. Bardin, Laurence. Análise De Conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.
[4]. Barbosa, Eduardo F. Instrumentos De Coleta De Dados Em Pesquisas Educacionais. 2008. Disponível Em: Http://Goo.Gl/Bgnmbu. Acesso Em: 3 Fev. 2025.
[5]. Brasil. Constituição Da República Federativa Do Brasil De 1988. Brasília, Df: Senado Federal, 1988. Disponível Em:
Https://Www.Planalto.Gov.Br. Acesso Em: 28 Fev. 2025..

Abstract:This paper focuses on the approaching 6G network revolution in wireless communication. Future high-tech systems like real-time digital twins, brain-computer interfaces, smart cities, autonomous mobility, and immersive Extended Reality (XR) technologies are investigated with respect to 6G's possible to service them. The main emphasis of this work is on many novel technologies including Terahertz (THz) Communication, Visible Light Communication (VLC), Reconfigurable.........

Key Word: 6G technologies, Sa-Fi, Terahertz Communication, VLC, RIS, DICN, AI

[1] Rappaport, T. S., Et Al. (2020). Wireless Communications: Principles And Practice. Pearson Education.
[2] Zhang, Y., & Zhang, R. (2021). Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces For 6G Wireless Communications: Challenges, Opportunities, And Future Directions. IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications, 20(12), 7594-7608. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/TWC.2021.3051563
[3] Wang, L., Et Al. (2021). Visible Light Communication: Applications And Emerging Technologies In 6G. IEEE Access, 9, 123456-123470. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3085679
[4] Zhang, R., & Liu, J. (2020). Distributed Computing For 6G Networks: Key Enabling Technologies And Applications. IEEE Transactions On Network And Service Management, 17(2), 1100-1112. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/TNSM.2020.2987425
[5] Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2021). Artificial Intelligence In 6G: A Survey And Future Directions. IEEE Transactions On Cognitive Communications And Networking, 7(4), 1-17. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/TCCN.2021.3068463

Abstract:The planning and operation of classrooms are being revolutionised by the Internet of Things (IoT). This technology enhances instructional efficiency and environmental management by regulating temperature, illumination, and attendance through platforms like Thonny IDE, MicroPython, and ThingSpeak. This approach enhances the learning environment by enhancing the classroom's responsiveness and dynamic nature. The accuracy of environmental........

Key Word: Smart Classroom, Internet of Things, MicroPython, Thonny IDE, ThingSpeak, Automation, Environmental Monitoring, Attendance Tracking

[1] Alashwal, M. A., & Abubakar, M. R. (2017). Internet Of Things (Iot) In Education: Review And Future Perspectives. International Journal Of Advanced Computer Science And Applications, 8(7), 225-231. Https://Doi.Org/10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080732
[2] Arora, A., & Soni, M. (2019). A Review Of Smart Classrooms And Iot-Based Educational Systems. International Journal Of Computer Science And Engineering, 7(3), 1475-1481. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/Icose.2019.8889023
[3] Dai, W., Chen, Y., & Zhang, L. (2018). Smart Classroom Architecture Based On Cloud-Edge Computing. IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics, 14(3), 1091-1102. Https://Doi.Org/10.1109/TII.2017.2716347
[4] Fathy, A., & Soliman, M. (2020). Smart Classroom Design Using Iot And Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Smart And Nano Materials, 11(4), 211-221. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/19475420.2020.1844841
[5] Gao, L., & Zhang, W. (2021). Energy-Saving Smart Classrooms Based On Iot Technologies. Sustainability, 13(9), 4915. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Su13094915

Abstract: The journey of smart gadgets begins in a world where human imprint vanishes. This research suggests that an autonomous space inspection rover, competent of negotiating hostile planetary settings, unstable terrain, and inaccessible locations, has been envisioned and developed. The brains of the operation are the rocker-bogie suspension system, which keeps all six wheels firmly planted for great grip and firmness, therefore enabling the rover great agility and poise over difficult terrain. Being mobile is inadequate, however. The rover actively searches for fresh knowledge.......

Key Word: Rocker bogie mechanism; Soil moisture sensor; IP camera; Rugged mobility system

[1] Agle, D. C. (28 March 2019). "'Mount Sharp' On Mars Links Geology's Past And Future". NASA. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
[2] Arias, Francisco. J (2019). "A Method Of Attaining High Pressurized Vessels In Space, The Moon And With Particular Reference To Mars". 2018 International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 54nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Cincinnati, OH, Propulsion And Energy, (AIAA 2018–4688). Doi:10.2514/6.2018-4488. ISBN 978-1-62410-571-5. S2CID 240369235
[3] Atzinger. (January 24, 2019). "Introduction To Special Issue - Habitability, Taphonomy, And The Search For Organic Carbon On Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 386– 387. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..386G. Doi:10.1126/Science.1249944. PMID 24458635.
[4] Changela, Hitesh G.; Chatzitheodoridis, Elias; Antunes, Andre; Beaty, David; Bouw, Kristian; Bridges, John C.; Capova, Klara Anna; Cockell, Charles S.; Conley, Catharine A.; Dadachova, Ekaterina; Dallas, Tiffany D. (December 2019). "Mars: New Insights And Unresolved Questions". International Journal Of Astrobiology. 20 (6): 394–426. Doi:10.1017/S1473550421000276. ISSN 1473-5504.
[5] Chow, Dennis (22 July 2019). "NASA's Next Mars Rover To Land At Huge Gale Crater". Space.Com. Retrieved 2019-07-19

Abstract:This work introduces a gesture-controlled wheelchair system that enhances mobility for individuals with physical disabilities using a smartphone's built-in accelerometer. By detecting tilt gestures—such as forward, backward, left, and right—the smartphone sends motion commands wirelessly via Bluetooth to a microcontroller, which then controls the wheelchair's movement. This hands-free system eliminates the need for traditional input devices or additional sensors, making it both cost-effective and user-friendly. A mobile application serves as........

Key Word: Accessibility, Assistive Technology, Bluetooth Communication, Gesture Control, Wheelchair

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Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan And Rich Picking, “Gesture Controlled User Interfaces: A Review Of The History, Applications, And Usability,” Journal Of Software Engineering,2011.
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[3] S. Prasanth, M. Ramesh, R. Sridhar, “Smart Wheelchair Controlled Using Hand Gesture And Accelerometer Sensor,” International Journal Of Innovative Technology And Exploring Engineering (IJITEE),2021.
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[5] Anwar Hossain, A.K.M. Muzahidul Islam, M. Foisal, “An Automated Robot Car Control System With Hand Gestures And Mobile Application Using Arduino,” Researchgate,2019.

Abstract:Background: Cochlear Implant (CI) partially replaces the functions of the cochlea, converting sound energy into electrical signals, enabling electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve and transmission to the cerebral cortex. This study investigates auditory nerve Recovery Time (REC) and introduces the Frequency Following Response (FFR) with stimulus |da| as tools to assess auditory system integrity in CI users, particularly concerning speech perception in quiet and noise........

Key Word: Cochlear implant. Auditory Nerve Recovery Time (REC). Frequency Following Response (FFR), Speech Recognition in Silence and Noise.

[1] NATEGHIFARD, Kayvan Et Al. Cone Beam CT For Perioperative Imaging In Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implantation–A Human Cadaveric Study. Journal Of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, V. 48, N. 1, P. 1-8, 2019.
[2] WIDMANN, Gerlig Et Al. Pre-And Post-Operative Imaging Of Cochlear Implants: A Pictorial Review. Insights Into Imaging, V. 11, N. 1, P. 93, 2020.
[3] FALLON, J. B.; IRVINE, D. R. F.; SHEPFERD, R. K. Cochlear Implants And Brain Plasticity. National Institutes Of Health, Australia, V. 238, N.1-2, P. 110-117, 2008.
[4] KRAUS, Nina; ANDERSON, Samira; WHITE-SCHWOCH, Travis. The Frequency-Following Response: A Window Into Human Communication. Springer International Publishing, 2017.
[5] HORNICKEL, Jane Et Al. Auditory Brainstem Measures Predict Reading And Speech-In-Noise Perception In School-Aged Children. Behavioural Brain Research, V. 216, N. 2, P. 597-605, 2011.

Abstract: Industrial air pollution refers to the release of hazardous substances into the atmosphere by manufacturing units such as cement factories, thermal power stations, pharmaceutical plants, and fertilizer units. These emissions often include toxic gases and fine particulate matter, which can lead to serious health concerns, particularly respiratory illnesses like asthma, bronchitis, and even lung cancer.........

Key Word: Construction of air cleaning chamber built with charcoal powder and filter buds, simulation of factory pipe, main processing unit built with Arduino Nano, MQ 135 air quality measuring sensors, LCD, ESP8266 WiFi module, instrument fan, power supply unit

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[4] S. P. Sethy, C. Pandey, A. K. Panigrahi, And M. K. Mohanty, “Iot Based Industrial Air Quality Monitoring System,” In Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Comput. Sci., Eng. Appl. (Iccsea), Gunupur, India, Sep. 2022, Pp. 1–5, Doi: 10.1109/Iccsea54677.2022.9936294.
[5] G. Anitha, V. S. Rao, M. N. V. S. S. Kumar, And P. V. S. Sobhan, “Smart Industry Pollution Monitoring And Controlling Using Labview Based Iot,” In Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Sens., Signal Process. Secur. (Icsss), Chennai, India, May 10.1109/Ssps.2017.8071568. 2017, Pp. 206–211, Doi:.