iosr-JECE   Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering' 2013

Abstract: Historically, businesses have been required to install many different types of energy technologies to address all their energy needs. To ensure power reliability, they purchase costly backup solutions. to increased power quality, they purchase costly power conditioning equipments. If they simply wante clean power, Then they should installed solar panels or purchase renewable energy credits.

Keywords— power quality, reliability, oxide fuel cell, bloom box, bloom energy server, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

[1] Energy and National Security Program Center for Strategic and International Studies.
[2] Www.bloomenergy.com
[3] www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/the-price-on-bloom-energy
[4] www.linkedin.com/company/bloom-energy

Abstract: A wireless network consists of a large number of small sensors. The sensor is low-power transceivers & can be an effective tool for gathering data in a variety of environments. The communication between the sensor nodes must be designed to conserve the limited energy resources within the sensor. LEACH clustering is based protocol. The protocol utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster-heads to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. Enhanced LEACH protocol (En-LEACH) has been adaptable to handle non-uniform energy distribution characteristic of a dynamic sensor network.

Keywords: Cluster formation, energy-efficient, micro-sensor networks, routing topology, threshold value

[1] Malik Tubaishat and Sanjay Madria. Sensor networks: an overview. In IEEE Potentials, April/May
2003, Pages: 20–23
[2] Deborah Estrin, David Culler, Kris Pister and Gaurav Sukhatme. Connecting the Physical World with
Pervasive Networks. In IEEE Pervasive Computing, Volume 1, Issue 1 (January 2002), Pages: 59–69.
[3] Berkeley, University of California, 800 node self-organized wireless sensor network. 2001:
http://today.cs.berkeley.edu/800demo/
[4 ] System Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks: http://www.jlhlabs.com/jhill_cs/jhill_thesis.pdf.
[5] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Hari Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient
Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, January 4-7, 2000, Maui, Hawaii.
[6] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Hari Balakrishnan , An Application-specific
Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks ,in IEEE transaction on wireless
Communications,vol-1,no-4, October 2002. http://www.sigmobile.org/phd/2000/thesis/heinzelman.pdf.
[7] M. Bhardwaj and A. Chandrakasan. Power Aware Systems, presented at the 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and
Computers, November 2000.
[8] X. Lin and I. Stojmenovic. Power-Aware Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. In SITE, University of
Ottawa, TR-98-11, Dec. 1998.
[9] J. Broch, D. Maltz, D. Johnson, Y. Hu, and J. Jetcheva. A Performance Comparison of Multi -Hop
Wireless Ad Hoc Netowrk Routing Protocols. In Proc. 4th ACM International Conference on Mobile
Computing and Networking (Mobicom'98), October 1998.

Abstract: Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely used form of biometric identification. Despite the widespread use of fingerprints, there is little statistical theory on the uniqueness of fingerprint minutiae. A critical step in studying the statistics of fingerprint minutiae is to reliably extract minutiae from the fingerprint images. However, fingerprint images are rarely of effect quality. They may be degraded and corrupted due to variations in skin and impression conditions. Thus, image enhancement techniques are employed prior to minutiae extraction to obtain a more reliable estimation of minutiae locations for verification. This paper presents finger print image enhancement process. And verification by using minutia points.

[1]. A. Bazen and S. Gerez. Systematic methods for the computation of the directional field and singular points of fingerprints.
[2]. IEEE Trans. PAMI, 24(6), June 2002.
[3]. D. Maio, D. Maltoni, R. Cappelli, J. 2.Wayman, and A. Jain. FVC2000: Fingerprint verification competition. IEEE Trans. PAMI, 24(3):402–412, Mar. 2002.
[4]. A. K. Jain and F. Farrokhnia, Unsupervised Texture
[5]. Segmentation Using Gabor Filters, Pattern Recognition,
[6]. Vol. 24, No. 12, pp. 1167-1186, 1991.
[7]. 4. A. K. Jain, L. Hong, and R. Bolle, "On-line fingerprint verification," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 302-313, 1997.
[8]. 5. A. K. Jain, L. Hong, S. Pankanti, and R. Bolle, "An Identity-Authentication System UsingFingerprints," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp. 1365-1388, 1997.

Abstract: With the recent advent of hardware description languages (e.g., Verilog or VHDL) and digital implementation for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), substantial academic digital design projects become practicable. In the present paper, the design of a digital binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) modulator and detector is described. The project details the design of the components (e.g., multiplexer, FIR low pass filter and comparator) and the simulation of the entire system. The entire system was designed using the Matlab's simulink program and system generator block set and implemented on a VIRTEX-2PRO Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development board. The steps taken to simulate the modulation and demodulation blocks are shown.

Keywords: Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), Field programmable gate array (FPGA).

[1] Johanna.S, Ruque, David.Ruiz, Carlos, "Simulation and implementation of BPSK system on a FPGA board using system generator blockset for DSP/FPGA", School of Electronics and Communication, Technical university Loja 2005.

[2] B.Sklar, "DigitalCommunications Fundamentals and Applications", 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall PTR, 2001

[3] Faruque Ahamed and Frank A. Scarpino "An Educational Digital Communications Project to Implement a BPSK Detector", IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-34, no. 5, pp. 423–429, May 2000.

[4] F. M. Gardner, "BPSK/QPSK timing-error detector for sampled receivers," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-34, no. 5, pp. 423–429, May 2000.

[5]. C .Britton Rorabaugh "Simulating Wireless Communication Systems", second edition, Prentice-Hall Publication, 2004. [6] L.W.Couch,"Digital and Analog Communication Systems", seventh Edition, Pearson Publication, 2007..

Abstract: Three-phase induction motor of ratings beyond 50 kW take very large currents and low power factor while being started directly from a 3-phase supply. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of starting torque transients and high inrush currents in induction motors, a popular method is to use electronically controlled soft-starting voltages utilizing IGBT's. Normally soft-starters are used for avoiding this problem and to achieve smooth starting of large capacity induction motors. Soft starters use ac voltage controllers to start the induction motor and to adjust its speed. The performance of a voltage-controlled large induction motor soft starter has been improved, resulting in nearly perfect current and torque profiles. Soft starters are used as induction motor controllers in compressors, blowers, fans, pumps, mixers, crushers and grinders, and many other applications. Starting torque pulsations are eliminated by triggering back-to-back-connected IGBT at proper points on the first supply voltage cycle. The soft starter is connected in motor drive during the starting condition only and once the motor get its rated speed then the soft starter is disconnected from the main motor system so that the motor get protected. For analysis of the various waveforms Digital Storage Oscilloscope Textronix TDS2024B is used.

Keywords- AC voltage controller, dspic30F2010, Induction motor, soft starter.

[1] Adel Gastli and Mohamed Magdy Ahmed, "ANN Based Soft Starting of Voltage Controlled IM Drive System". IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, VOL-20,No-3, sSeptember 2005.

[2] Frank M. Bruce, Richard J. Graefe, Arthur Lutz and Michel D. Panlener, "Reduced Voltage Starting of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors". IEEE Trans on Induction Applications, VOL. 1A-20, No-1, January/February 1984.

3] S.A. Hamed and Prof. B.J.Chalmers, "Analysis of Variable Voltage Thyristor Controlled Induction Motors". IEEE Proceedings, Vol.137, Pt.B.No.3, May 1990.

[4] G. Bhuvaneswari, Charles. S and Manjula G. Nair. "Power Quality Studies on a Soft Start for an Induction Motor". 978-4244-1904-3/08/$25.00 2008 IEEE.

[5] Ahmed Riyaz, Atif Iqbal, Shaikh Moinoddin, SK. MoinAhmed and Haitham Abu-Rub "Comparative Performance Analysis of Thyristor and IGBT based induction motor soft starters". International journal of engineering, Science and Technology Vol.1, No.1, 2009, pp. 90-105.A. M. Eltamaly, A.I. Alolah and R.M.Hamouda "Performance Evaluation of Three Phase Induction Motor under Different AC Voltage Control Strategies". 1-4244-0891-1/07/$20.00 2007 IEEE.

[6] Werner Deleroi, Johan B. Woudstra and Azza A.Fahim "Analysis and Application of Three Phase Induction Motor Voltage Controller with Improved Transient Performance". IEEE Trans. on Industry applications, Vol-25. No-2, March/April 1989

[7] M. G. Solveson, B. Mirafzal, and N. A. O. Demerdash, "Soft-Started Induction Motor Modeling & Heating Issues for Different Starting Profiles Using a Flux Linkage ABC Frame of Reference", IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 973-982, July/ August 2006.

[8] G. Zenginobuz, I. Çadırcı, M. Ermiş, and C. Barlak, "Performance Optimization of Induction Motors During Voltage-Controlled Soft Starting," IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, Vol. 19, No. 2,pp. 278- 288, June 2004.

[9] V. V. Sastry, M.R. Prasad and T.V. Sivakumar, " Optimal Soft Starting of Voltage- Controller Fed IM Drive Based on Voltage Across Thyristor," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 1041-1051, November 1997.

[10] G. Zenginobuz, I. Çadırcı, M. Ermiş, and C. Barlak, "Soft Starting of Large Induction Motors at Constant Current with Minimized Starting Torque Pulsations," IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, Vol. 37, No. 5,pp. 1334-1347, September/ October 2001.

Abstract: Through this paper we intend to present an improvement in existing traffic control system at intersection. System is made more efficient with addition of intelligence in term of artificial vision, using image processing techniques to estimate actual road traffic and compute time each time for every road before enabling the signal. System is clever enough to provide priority to authorized emergency vehicles with the help of GSM at a particular intersection. This model is resemblance of traditional traffic police man who takes better decision every time and smoothes traffic flow. Unpredicted growth of traffic today has created serious problem in metro cities. Existing automatic traffic control system at intersection with preset timing signals is proved to be inefficient for the reason that system is not intelligent enough to make judgment of varying road traffic density and fail to allocate specific time to clear it. Unnecessary waiting till preset time lapse or wait for multiple round of turns to clear the traffic

Keywords - Artificial intelligence, GSM, Image processing, Traffic

[1] Antonio Albiol, Laura Sanchis, Alberto Albiol, and José M. Mossi, "Detection of parked vehicles using spatiotemporal maps," IEEE. Trans. On intelligent transport systems, vol. 12,no,4, Decemebr 2011. (8)

[2] Alberto Broggi, Senior Member, IEEE, Pietro Cerri, Member, IEEE, Stefano Ghidoni, Member, IEEE,Paolo Grisleri, Member, IEEE, and Ho Gi Jung, Member, IEEE," A new Approach to Urban Pedestrian Detection for Automatic Braking," IEEE. Trans. On intelligent transport systems, vol. 12,no,4, Decemebr 2009.. (8)

[3] Autoscope. [Online]. Available: http://autoscope.com.

[4] Traffic Control. [Online]. Available: http://www.trafficcontrol.es

[5] Reulke, S. Bauer, T. D¨oring, F. Meysel, "Traffic surveillance using multi-camera detection and multi-target tracking", Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, pp. 175–180, Hamilton, New Zealand, December 2007.

[6] Reulke, S. Bauer, T. D¨oring, F. Meysel, "Traffic surveillance using multi-camera detection and multi-target tracking", Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, pp. 175–180, Hamilton, New Zealand, December 2007.

[7] Edwin Ospina1, Eliana Tascon1, Juan Valencia1 and Carlos Madrigal1, Member IEEE,"Traffic flow control using artificial vision techniques," 978-1-4577-0286-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE.

Abstract: The techniques implemented in this paper are proposed to embed the data in transform domain. The watermark is embedded adaptively meaning that discrimination factor used to embed each bit is varied according to the segment characteristics. Robustness is significantly improved by cyclic encoding and decoding of watermark. Diversity in time is used to increases the robustness of the system. The synchronization pattern is added to trace the start of watermark in the watermarked file. The models we proposed are able to embed the watermark bit adaptively and perform the blind extraction of watermark successfully. The model proposed is applicable in the areas like copy protection, piracy control, fingerprinting applications where robustness is preferred.

Keywords - Encoder, Decoder, audio watermark, cyclic codes, Synchronization pattern.

[1] M. R. Patil, S. D. Apte, Adaptive Spread spectrum audio watermarking, ICFAI Journal on Information technology,Vol.1. September 2009. Proceedings Papers:

[2] M. R. Patil, S. D. Apte, Adaptive Audio Watermarking for Indian Musical Signals by GOS Modification, Proc. IEEE International conference TECNCON 2009 held on 23-26 November 2009 at Singapore

[3] N. Sriyingyong and K. Attakimongeol, "Wavelet based Audio watermarking using adaptive Tabu search", Proc. of IEEE Int. Symp.
Wireless Pervacive computing 2006 pp 1-5 available at http://sutir.sut.ac.th:8080/sutir/bitstream/123456789/1821/1/BIB990_F.pdf.

[4] I.K. Yeo and H.J. Kim, "Modified patchwork algorithm: a novel audio watermarking scheme", Proc. ICITCC 2001, p.p. 237-242.

[5] A. N. Lemma, J. Aprea, W. Oomen and L. V. D. Kerkhof, "A Temporal Domain Audio Watermarking Technique", IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. , April 2003, p.p. 1088-1097. Theses:
[6] N Cvejic, "Algorithms for audio watermarking and steganography", academic dissertation report, available on line http://hekules.olu.fi/isbn9514273842.

Abstract: This paper presents analysis of simulation results for Direction of arrival estimation for smart antenna system using non Eigen value decomposition based algorithm. Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in smart antenna for identifying the directions of the desired signals and the null steering beamformer to adapts the antenna pattern to steer the main beam towards the desired user and nullify all other interference. Once DOA estimation is over using beamforming algorithm beam form in desired direction using any one beamforming algorithm. This system can be used to reduce multipath and co-channel interference. This paper simulation results showing performance of power spectra for DOA estimation using PM appear for smart antenna system. These benefits include the enhancement of coverage and the channel capacity, lower transmitted power, better signal quality, higher data rate and providing value-added services such as user's position location (PL) and at the same time to minimize interference arising from other user by introducing nulls in their direction.

Keywords – Direction- of-Arrival (DOA) Estimation, Least Mean Square (LMS), Multiple Signal classification (MUSIC), Propagator Method (PM), Position Location (PL).

1] T.S. Rappaport, J.H. Reed and B.D. Woerner, "Position location using wireless communications on highways of the future," IEEE Communication. Magazine, vol. 34, no.10, pp. 33- 41, 1996.

[2] G.V. Tsoulos, "Smart antennas for mobile communication systems: benefits and challenges,"IEEE Electronic & Communication Engineering Journal, Vol 11, no.2 pp. 84-94, 1999.

[3] K.J. Krizman, T.E. Biedka, and T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless position location: fundamentals, implementation strategies, and sources of error," in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol 2 pp.919-923, Phoenix, Ariz, USA, May 1997.

[4] Tsoulos G.V. Meach MA. Swalas S.C. "Adaptive Antennas for Third Generation DS-CDMA Cellular Systems", Proceedings of the 45th Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol 1, pp. 45-49, July 1995.

[5] Okamoto G.T. "Smart Antennas and Wireless LANS." Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Mass., 2002

[6] Godara, L.C., "Application of Antenna Arrays to Mobile Communications, Part II: Beamforming and Direction-of Arrival Considerations," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 8 pp 1195- 1245, August 1997.

[7] Ch. Santhi Rani, P.V. Subbaiah, K. Chennakesava and S. Sudha Rani, "LMS and RLS Algorithms for Smart Antennas in a W-CDMA Mobile Communication Environment," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences" vol. 4, no.6, August 2009.

[8] Nizar Tayem and Hyuck M. Kwon, "L-Shape 2-Dimensional Arrival Angle Estimation with Propagator Method", IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagatio, Vol. 53, No. 5, May 2005

Abstract: In this paper a temperature measurement and control system is proposed using ARM processor S3C2440 as a controlling device. This system uses LM35D sensor and its related peripherals for temperature measurement. This temperature is filtered and transmitted to the ADC MCP3201. ARM and CPLD are used for processing and controlling purpose.S3C2440 ARM9 series micro processor and Cypress CY37256P208 CPLD are respectively selected as CPU and control unit.After being processed by CPU, it displays on the LCD display. The performance of the developed system is analyzed and it consumes very low power as compared to conventional system. This system saves the valuable energy and also provides smart automation logic in electrical systems.

Keywords- ARM processor, CPLD, control unit, low power, smart automation

[1] J. Lyon, C. Oxley, HeatBalance, a computer program to determine optimum incubator air temperature and humidity. A comparison against nurse settings for infants less than 29 weeks gestation, Early Human Development, Vol. 62, Issue 1, May 2001, pp. 33-41.

[2] Patel Nita K., Jim Gordon W., Free Alan D. Nexrad Open Radar Data Acquisition (ORDA) receiver characteristics[C]//85th AMSAnnual Meeting, American Meteorological Society – Combined Preprints,2005: 797-801

[3] He Xicai and XueRongyi, Sensor and its application Examples, Beijing: china Machine Press,2004

[4] Pan Wencheng, Wang Jinliang, ShenCaizhong, and Wang Shuqin. Development of platinum resistance temperaturemeasurement system with 30mK precision. 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. p1613-1617 (2007).

[5] Yang Rongzhou, "Linear Compensation for Platinum Resistance Thermometers with High Accuracy and Its Realization in Intelligent Instruments". Instrument technique and sensor, No.8, pp.44-46, 2000.

[6] Chen Zhenglim, XuHua, "Research into the Temperature Compensation Method of Survey Steering Tool". Journal ofelectronic measurement and instrument. Vol.14, No.3, pp.9-12, 2000.

[7] Shang yupei, Shi linsuo,Zhangzhengren, "Application of least square method in temperature measurement with high accuracy".Journal of transducer technology, Vol.19, No.1, pp.47-48, 2000.

[8] D A Ducker, A J Lyon, R Ross Russell, C A Bass, and N Mcintosh, Incubator temperature control: effects on the very low birth weight infant,Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1985, 60, pp. 902-907.

[9] P Neelamegam, A Rajendran, Linear heating system for measurement of thermo luminescence using 8031/51 microcontroller, Bull. Mater. ScL, August 2003, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 565-568

Abstract: Anew framework for designing robust adaptive filters is introduced. It is based on the optimization of a certain cost function subject to a time-dependent constraint on the norm of the filter update. Particularly, we present a robust variable step-size NLMS algorithm which optimizes the square of the a posteriori error. We also show the link between the proposed algorithm and another one derived using a robust statistics approach. In addition, a theoretical model for predicting the transient and steady-state behavior and a proof of almost sure filter convergence are provided. The algorithm is then tested in different environments for system identification and acoustic echo cancelation applications.

INDEX TERMS—Acoustic echo cancelation, adaptive filtering, impulsive noise, normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm, robust filtering.

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Abstract: In the present world, communication has got many applications such as telephonic conversations in which the messages are encoded into the communication channel and then decoding it at the receiver end. During the transfer of message, the data might get corrupted due to lots of disturbances in the communication channel. So it's necessary for the decoder tool to also have function of correcting the error that might occur. Viterbi algorithm has got many applications due to its error detection and correction nature. Convolution encoding with Viterbi decoding is a powerful method for forward error correction. It has been widely deployed in many wireless communication systems to improve the limited capacity of the communication channels. In this project, viterbi algorithm is implemented for detection and correction of single bit error [1].

Keywords- Communication, Encoder, Decoding, Convolution coding, Viterbi Algorithm

[1] A. J. Viterbi, "Error Bounds for Convolutional Codes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm," IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol. IT-13, pp.260-269, 1967
[2] ManjeetSingh, Ian J. Wassel "Comparison between Soft and Hard decision decoding using quaternary convolutional encoders and the decomposed CPM model", Laboratory for communications Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge.
[3] Charon Langton, "Coding and decoding with conventional codes", www.complextoreal.com,July 1999
[4] A. J. Viterbi, "Convolutional codes and their performance in communication systems,"IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-19, pp. 751 -772, Oct., 1971.
[5] Chip Fleming, "A tutorial on convolutional coding with Viterbi algorithm", 2003.
[6] H. Yang and X. Lang, "Design and implementation of high speed and area cefficient Viterbi decoder," IEEE, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Solid State and Integrating Circuit Technology, ICSICT‟06, pp. 2108–2110, 2006

Abstract: In Now days we have many different types of emergencies in the indoor environment. Response to such emergencies is critical in order to protect resources including human life and to save property from damage. There is need to develop wireless sensor network for temperature controlling. In this Paper, we present wireless sensor network for Temperature Controlling. Which can Control the temperature, This can use for number of applications such as control the temperature of water , control the temperature of industrial machines, in the industry where temperature Controlling is necessary. In future this system can use for Protection from Fire, then obviously we can save life of people.

Keywords: - IEEE 802.15.4, Temperature Controlling, WSN, Zigbee, TCN75, PIC Microcontroller

[1] Build an IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Network for Emergency Response Notification for Indoor Situations by V.A. Victor, C. Khadar, C. Rao and A. Mehta march 2008

[2] Wireless sensor for home monitoring by gourab s. gupta, subhas c. mukhopadhay recent patent on Electrical Engg. 2008

[3] Zigbee wireless network by Carl binkies 17th Telecommunications forum TELEFOR 2009 Serbia, Belgrade, November 24-26, 2009.

[4] Routing in Zigbee by Francesca Cuomo IEEE Communication Society Subject matter expert for publication in the ICC 2007 Proceeding.

[5] Johann lonn and Jonas Olsson, Zigbee for wireless network 15th March2005.A. 6. William Stallings, Wireless Communication and Networking, Prenctice Hall 2002, ISBN 0-13-040864-6.

[6] IEEE standard 802.15.4,IEEE 2003,ISBN-0-7381-3677-5 SS95127

[7] Zigbee Aliance,http:/zigbee.org,2005-03

[8] Sinema coleri Ergen zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary, September