iosr-JECE   Volume-2 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Emergency Call for Help Wrist Module
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Krishnaswamy Kannan, R. Giri Seshadri
	:	10.9790/2834-0250104

Abstract: SOS- The distress signal as defined by the Morse code is used by stranded ships to call for help and support. .Life expectancy, self-support, security risks, emergency crises are all on the rise. We define a novel approach to SOS by designing an embedded system to send out the request for help to the responsive organizations of the Government forces. The proposed system has the capability of seeking immediate assistance from the Emergency Services in situations of critical emergency. The module exhibits pure automation by seeking assistance from Emergency Services automatically, in the case of accidents while allowing manual control in the event of a crime. This compact wrist module is capable of tracking the location of the victim and informing the Emergency Services as well as the victim's family in seconds making it an all-in-one solution to the emergency crises.
Keywords: Atmel Microcontroller AT89C52, GPS, GSM, National Instruments LabVIEW software

[1] Lawrence Letham, GPS Made Easy
[2] Micheal Mouly, The GSM System for Mobile Communications
[3] Larsen, LabVIEW for Engineers 1, 1st ed
[4] Arduino forum, http://www.arduino.cc/
[5] Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function for Performance Analysis of OFDM Signals
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Parneet Kaur, Ravinder Singh
	:	10.9790/2834-0250507

Abstract: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is an important parameter for the analysis of Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. CCDF curves are known to have great importance in the study of signal performance on the basis of power level. This paper presents the CCDF performance of the OFDM signal with different number of carriers. Simulation is used to implement the CDF equation and its accuracy is checked on the results. Theoretical results and simulation results are compared.
Key words- Crest factor, CCDF, OFDM, PAPR, and PDF.

[1] Evegenii Krouk, Sergei Semnov , "Modulation and coding techniques in wireless communications", 2011.
[2] Yong soo cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won young Yang and Chung G. Kang, MIMO- OFDM wireless communication with MATLAB.
John Wiley & Sons. (2010).
[3] Van Nee, R. and deWild, A "Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM." IEEE VTC'98, vol.3, pp. 18–21, .May 1998.
[4] Ashraf A. Eltholth, Adel R. Mekhail, A.Elshirbini, M.I. Dessouki , A.I. Abdelfattah , " Low crest factor modulation technique s for
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)",UBICC, Ubiquitous computing and communication Journel, Vol 4, 2007.
[5] Ming kang , Lin Yang, Mohamed–Slim Alouini, "Capacity of MIMO Ricean channels with multiple correlated Rayleigh co-channel
interferers.", IEEE , pp 2636-2647, Oct. 2003.
[6] Yonglan Zhu, pooi yuen kam, Yan Xin, " On the mutual information distribution of MIMO Ricean fading channels.", IEEE Trans.
Communications, May 2009.
[7] Palicot, J. and Louet,Y. Power ratio definitions and analysis in single carrier modulations. EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, Sep. 2005.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Dash7: Performance
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohammad Arsalan, Ahmad Umair,Varun Kumar Verma
	:	10.9790/2834-0250811

Abstract: A new wireless sensor networking technology, DASH7 uses the ISO/IEC 18000-7 standard for active RFID. It operates in the 433 MHz unlicensed spectrum. DASH7 provides many advantages over other wireless technologies such as multi-year battery life, dynamic range of up to 2 Km (potentially farther) etc.DASH7 is the name of the technology promoted by the non-profit consortium called the DASH7 Alliance. DASH7 follows the ISO/IEC 18000-7 open standard for the license-free 433 MHzISM band air interface for wireless communications. 433 MHz was first reserved for military purpose but is now available for use worldwide. DASH7 networking technology was originally created for military use and is now being re-purposed for many commercial applications in place of wireless protocols like ZigBee or IEEE 802.15.4.
Keywords–433 MHz, DASH7, RFID, Zigbee, ISO/IEC 18000-7

[1] JP Norair, BLAST reference, Introduction to DASH7 Tec., March 2009.
[2] Wikipedia, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/dash7 accessed on 3 May,2012
[3] DASH7 Org, www.dash7.org/index.php accessed on 4 May,2012
[4] Lawrence Harte, Steve Kellogg, Richard Dreher, The Comprehensive Guide to Wireless Technology, (APDG Publication; 1st edition)
[5] RFID Journal, www.rfidjournal.com/whitepapers/11
[6] EETimes, Introduction-to-DASH7-Technologies, http://www.eetimes.com/electrical-engineers/education-training/tech papers/4135414

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	High Speed Data Acquisition System with Ethernet Interface
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Anju P.Raju
	:	10.9790/2834-0251217

Abstract:This paper introduces a high speed data acquisition system based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) . The aim is to develop a "distributed" data acquisition interface. The development of instruments such as personal computers and engineering workstations based on "standard" platforms is the motivation behind this effort. Using standard platforms as the controlling unit allows independence in hardware from a particular vendor and hardware platform. The distributed approach also has advantages from a functional point of view: acquisition resources become available to multiple instruments; the acquisition front-end can be physically remote from the rest of the instrument. High speed data acquisition system transmits data faster to a remote computer system through Ethernet interface. The data is acquired through 16 analog input channels. The input data commands are multiplexed and digitized and then the data is stored in 1K buffer for each input channel. Then the input data is filtered using FIR filters implemented using processor. The filtering is used to reduce the band width of the input data The main control unit in this design is the 16 bit processor implemented in the FPGA. This 16 bit processor is used to set up and initialize the data source and the Ethernet controller, as well as control the flow of data from the memory element to the NIC Using this processor we can initialize and control the different configuration registers in the Ethernet controller in a easy manner. Then these data packets are send to the remote PC through the Ethernet interface. The main advantages of the using FPGA as standard platform are its flexibility, low power consumption, short design duration, fast time to market, programmability and high density. The main advantages of using Ethernet controller AX88796 over others are its non PCI interface, the presence of embedded SRAM where transmit and reception buffers are located and high-performance SRAM-like interface. The paper introduces the implementation of the distributed data acquisition using FPGA by VHDL. The main advantages of this system are high accuracy, high speed, real time monitoring.
Key words: Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), Data Acquisition System (DAS), Ethernet.

[1]. Hui Xiaowei, Shen Qinglei, Miao Changyun," Acquisition Board Design of High-speed Image Data Based on ARM and FPGA", International Conference On Computer Design And Appliations (ICCDA 2010),2011,pp.374-376.
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[3]. Petr Dostálek, Jan Dolinay, Vladimír Vašek, "Simple Data Acquisition Unit for School Laboratory Exercises", 12th International Carpathian Control Conference,2011.pp.85-88
[4]. Yang Jinhong, Hong Yongqiang, "Design of UART Based on ARM+DSP Distributed Data Acquisition System", The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007,pp.813-815.
[5]. Sumukh Pathare, Robert Gao, Biju Varghese, Changsheng Guo, and Stephen Malkin, "A DSP-Based Telemetric Data Acquisition System for In-Process Monitoring of Grinding Operation", IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,1998,pp.191-196
[6]. Wang Fei, Wu Zhijie, Chen Hong, Xi Yi2, " High-Speed Data Acquisition System Based on FPGA/SoPC," The Tenth International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2011, pp.21-27

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An FPGA Based Microblaze Soft Core Architecture for 2D-LIFTING
Country	:
Authors	:	K. Priyanka, M. Pradeep
	:	10.9790/2834-0251825

Abstract: In this paper we propose a technique for software-implementation of an lifting with the goal of getting a customizable lifting DWT-core which can be used as a module in implementing a bigger system irrespective of ones choice of implementation platform. Here we have written the core processor Microblaze is designed in VHDL (VHSIC hardware description language), implemented using XILINX ISE 8.1 Design suite the algorithm is written in system C Language and tested in SPARTAN-3 FPGA kit by interfacing a test circuit with the PC using the RS232 cable. The test results are seen to be satisfactory. The area taken and the speed of the algorithm are also evaluated.
Keywords: lifting, Microblaze, Softcore, UART,VHDL

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fingerprint Based ATM Security by using ARM7
Country	:	India
Authors	:	D. Vinod kumar, Prof.M R K Murthy
	:	10.9790/2834-0252628

Abstract: The purpose of this project is to increase the security that customer use the ATM machine. Once user's bank card is lost and the password is stolen, the criminal will draw all cash in the shortest time, which will bring enormous financial losses to customer, so to rectify this problem we are implementing this project. The chip of LPC2148 is used for the core of microprocessor in ARM7, furthermore, an improved enhancement algorithm of fingerprint image increase the security that customer use the ATM machine.
Keywords: ATM terminal; ARM7; fingerprint recognition, Image Enhancement, GSM MODEM.

[1] Lin Hong, Wan Yifei, Anil Jain. Fingerprint image enhancement: algorithm and performance evaluation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence. 1998,20(8): 777-789.
[2] E Saatci, V Tavsanogh. Fingerprint image enhancement using CNN gabor-Cpe filter[C]. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications 2002: 377-382.
[3] Gu J, Zhou J, Zhang D.A combination model for orientation field of fingerprints. Pattern Recognition 2004, 37: 543-553.
[4] Cheng J, Tian J. Fingerprint enhancement with dyadic scale-space. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2004, 25(11): 1273-1284.
[5] Chen H, Tian J. A fingerprint matching algorithm with registration pattern inspection. Journal of Software, 2005,16(6): 1046-105.
[6] Smits G FJordaan E M. Improved SVM Regression using Mixtur

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensor for Acoustic Detection with Optimal Performance
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prashil M. Junghare, Dr. Santosh Kulkarni, Raghavendra Mulimani
	:	10.9790/2834-0252933

Abstract : This paper investigates analytically the performance of MZI sensor for acoustic detection in terms of light power, fiber characteristic and detectable acoustically/induced phase in the terms of output current at the photomultiplier tube (PMT). In this paper, pressure of 4.7*10-11Pascal shows the change in the effective length 0.15 meter of fiber and change in the phase of the light path is 6.5*10-4 Radian and output current has been observed for borosilicate crown glass is 1.68*10^-19 Ampere at pressure of 2.5Mpa.
Keywords – MZI, Mandrel, Sensitivity, PMT

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Qualitative and Quantitative Performance Evaluation of Adhoc on Demannd Routing Protocol in Manet
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Patil V.P.
	:	10.9790/2834-0253442

Abstract: A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a network consisting of a set of wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each other without centralized control or established infrastructure. Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like reactive, proactive, hybrid routing protocols which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Reactive Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation in Mobile Ad Hoc Network for protocols such as DYMO, LAR, ABR, TORA, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as security, multicasting, scalability, Packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay, Routing load and network life time by using the NS-2 simulator. The results shows that there is no routing protocol in the current stage without modifications that can provide efficient routing to any size of network, regardless of the number of nodes and the network load and mobility. AODV shows better performance than TORA and DSR.
Index Terms: AODV, TORA, ABR, DSR, Routing protocols, NS-2.

[1] C.Sivaram murthy, B.S.Manoj, "Adhoc wireless networks:Architectures, and protocols", Pearson Education, 2004.
[2] T. Clausen and P. Jacquet (2003), "Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)", RFC 3262, IETF Network Working Group, October 2003.
[3] C. Perkins, E. B. Royer and S. Das (2003), "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", RFC 3561, IETF Network Working Group, July.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of ICI Cancellation techniques in OFDM
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jyoti Wadhwa, Rajiv Chechi, Parul Gupta
	:	10.9790/2834-0254347

Abstract:OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is a well known technique in 4G Broadband wireless communication systems. OFDM has high spectral efficiency but it suffers from frequency offset problem due to the difference between transmitter and receiver local oscillator frequencies which causes loss of orthogonality between subcarriers leading to ICI. This degrades the performance of system so there is a need to suppress it. In this paper we studies three different ICI Cancellation techniques namely Self Cancellation, two path complex conjugate and Phase Rotated complex conjugate technique in OFDM.
Keywords: CIR(carrier to interference ratio),SC(self cancellation), CC(conjugate cancellation), PRCC(phase rotated complex conjugate), ICI(intercarrier interference)

[1] H.-G. Yeh, Y.-K. Chang, and B. Hassibi, "A scheme for cancelling intercarrier interference using conjugate transmission in multicarrier communication systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 6, no.1, pp. 3-7, Jan. 2007.
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[5] C.-L. Wang and Y.-C. Huang, "Intercarrier interference cancellation using general phase rotated conjugate transmission for OFDM," WCNC 2008. IEEE., pp. 652-656, Mar. 2008.