IOSR-JEF   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2025

Abstract: This paper examines the dynamic causal relationships between the volatility of the exchange rate, the volume of trade, and economic growth in India. An empirical investigation is conducted over the period 2012 to 2024 using the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. The objective of this paper is to particularly examine the effect of exchange rate volatility on India’s economic growth after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 covering the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings of this paper suggest that exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on imports, export of goods.....

Key Word: VAR, exchange rate volatility, GDP, Net exports, India

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and solve problems in ways that mimic human cognitive processes. AI enables machines to perform tasks such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, making decisions, and adapting to new information. AI can be broken down into four main dimensions: making machines think like humans, making them act like humans, making them think logically, and making them act rationally. So, AI is about creating smart machines that can do tasks as if they were human or as if they were following a well-thought-out plan. AI has the potential to significantly impact the Indian economy, driving growth, enhancing productivity, and fostering innovation across various sectors. Here’s an overview of how AI is influencing the Indian economy.

Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of AI-driven credit scoring models on loan approval processes by banks and NBFCs in Bihar, examining their implications for financial inclusion and risk assessment. Through qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis, the study highlights improved efficiency in loan processing, broader inclusion of underbanked populations, and emerging challenges such as algorithmic bias and data privacy concerns. Recommendations for ethical AI deployment, regulatory oversight, and policy interventions are provided.

Abstract: The DRC has one of the most dollarized economies in the world, leading to the marginalization of the national currency. Authorities have repeatedly attempted to eradicate this phenomenon, but the dollarization rate has only galloped to nearly 90%, compared to an approximate 20% in the 1990s. The de-dollarization process requires, in fact, that certain conditions be met, namely macroeconomic stability. During the 2000s, this stability was achieved, but the rate of dollarization has only increased year after year. Thus, in this article, we advocate an approach aimed at thinking beyond economic stability, and based on the implementation of both incentive and restrictive policies likely to reduce the level of foreign currency use, in order to de-dollarize the economy as a whole. And also, there will need to be a firm will materialized by the application of accompanying measures on the part of the political and monetary authorities.

Keyword: DR Congo, Dollarization, Politicy/Strategy, Economy, Inflation

Abstract: The problem of poverty and inequality is a great challenge that has faced the world at large, especially developing countries like Nigeria. There have been several reforms which have led to minimal or no impact in reducing this problem. However, after the recession in 2008, financial inclusion as a policy was seen as a tool that could significantly increase growth, reduce poverty and inequality. Thereby, this study intends to examine three measures of financial inclusion and its effect in reducing poverty and inequality in Nigeria using the Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) and quarterly data from 2004 to 2018.........

Keyword: Financial Inclusion, Inequality, Poverty, VAR, Institutional Quality.

Abstract: Africa is regarded as the least developed continent in terms of overall development and specifically in terms of human capital development (HCD) ef- forts. Research on the determinants of HCD in Africa is scanty, as the literature is dominated by country-specific studies as well as group of country studies that primarily focus on the effect of human capital on growth and other economic de- velopment parameters. Therefore, this paper investigates the determinants of hu- man capital development in 33 African countries over a 14-year period from 2000 to 2013..........

Keyword: human capital; Africa; health; education; panel data analysis.