IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2018

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to predict the average concentration of particulate matter of a particular region using artificial neural network. Air pollution represents a long lasting concern for the public authorities, the scientists as well as the civil society because it has a long term impact on health and the environment. The dispersions or suspensions of the particles in solid and the liquid forms in atmosphere are termed as aerosols. The term particulate matter (PM) is used to define the suspended solid-phase matter in the atmosphere. It is the mixture of the different elements. Further pollutants like SO2, CH4, CO, NO, O3 and NO2 are largely found in the industrial waste. The evidences reveal that sulfate and organic matter are the two main contributing factors for annual PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations.......

Keywords: Artificial Neural network, Air pollution, Human health, Mean Square Error, Particulate Matter

[1]. Ma, J., Xu, F., Huang, K., Huang, R., Improvement on the linear and nonlinear auto-regressive model for predicting the NOx emission of diesel engine, Journal of Neuro-computing, 207(26), 2016, 150-164
[2]. Wang, J., Zheng, K., Singh, R., Lou, H., Hao, J., Wang, B., Cheng, F., Numerical simulation and cold experimental research of a low-NOx combustion technology for pulverized low-volatile coal, Applied Thermal Engineering, 114(5), 2017, pp 498-510
[3]. Das M., Çevik Y., Erel, Ö., Çorbacioglu SK., Ischemia-modified albumin levels in the prediction of acute critical neurological findings in carbon monoxide poisoning, The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(4), 2016, 201-206.
[4]. Ma, J., Ma, F., Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Theoretical prediction on CO insertion reactions through the anionic complex [ClMg(ƞ2-O2C]- as a catalyst, Journal of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7(3), 2016, 412-418.
[5]. Seshadri, K., Bai, X., Rate-ratio asymptotic analysis of the influence of addition of carbon monoxide on the structure and mechanisms of extinction of no premixed methane flames with comparison to experiments, Journal of Combustion and Flame, 175(1), 2017, 107-117..

Abstract: Technological development and enormous increase in using electrical and electronic appliances resulted large quantities of e-waste. In India, e-waste issue is emerged as one of the global challenges. 4.1 Mt of e-waste was generated during 2015 and is expected to reach 8 Mt by 2025. Poor collection mechanisms, informal processing methods, illegal dumping, poor awareness among the users cause serious threats to human health and environment in the country. Upgrading and obsolescence of appliances left no way to the people except to go for new products, which cause more e-waste. Systematic collection and processing methods shall be developed and awareness programs shall be arranged for the users. e-Waste (Management) rules, 2016 shall be revised as per the experts suggestion and be implemented properly.

Keywords: e-waste, categorization, composition, human health, management, legislation

[1]. Balde K, Wang F, Huisman J, Kuehr R, (2015), The Global E-waste Monitor. United Nations University, IAS – SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany.
[2]. Begum Kousar Jahan Ara (2013) Electronic Waste (E-waste) Management in India: A Review. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp 46-57.
[3]. Borthakur Anwesha and Madhav Govind (2017) How well are we managing E-waste in India: evidences from the city of Bangalore. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 2(4), 225–235.
[4]. Cui Jirang, Zhang Lifeng (2008), Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: A review, Journal of Hazardous Materials 158, 228–256.
[5]. Diaz A, Álvarez M.J, González P., Logística inversa y medio ambiente, aspectos estratégicos y operativos, McGraw-Hill, 2004, pp. 323-336..

Abstract: Objectives: To study the factors which affect outcome of trial of labor Materials and Methods: All pregnant women admitted to Goa Medical College, from October 2013 to June 2015, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Data was collected in a proforma, meeting the objectives of the study. Antenatal/ past obstetric predictive factors with respect to successful TOLAC were analysed. Results: The study included 1,302 pregnant women with history of one or more previous cesarean deliveries, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 918 cases (70 %), including 236 subjects with previous 2 LSCS and 682 subjects with previous...........

Keywords: Trial oflabor after cesarean (TOLAC), Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC), Elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD)

[1]. Gabert HA, Bey M: History and development of cesarean operation. ObstetGynecolClin North Am 15:591, 1988
[2]. WHO statement on caesarean section rates: WHO/RHR/15.02; April 2015
[3]. Sancheeta Ghosh and K.S James: Increasing caesarean section delivery: A threat to urban women's health? 2013 princeton.edu/papers/130873
[4]. Vaishnavi S D :Analysis of the extent and cost of caesarean section deliveries in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India: Evidence from DLHS-3 survey 2005-2006
[5]. David Branch, Robert SIlver: Managing the Primary Cesarean Delivery Rate: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 55, Number 4, 946–960 ; december 2012..

Abstract: Salinization process in the VGTB downstream has been primarily affected by the upstream flow, especially since large hydropower reservoirsthat operated the downstream flow mode have changed a lot compared to the past.In recent years, the salinity of the downstream river has been complicated, especially in Vu Gia and Vinh Dien whose high salinity level seriously affected water supply of Cau Do Water Factory and water pumping constructions on Vinh Dien River. In 2015, government issued a multi-reservoir operation procedure in the VGTB 1537 / QD-TTg. This is the third change that thereservoir operation procedure in the dry season was added, which supports more reasonable regulation of water resource to adapt to the drought and salinity. In order to evaluate the effectiveness..........

Keywords: Salinity intrusion, hydropower plants, reservoir operation, catchment, Vu Gia Thu Bon River

[1]. Nguyen Anh Duc, 2008. Salt intrusion, tides and mixing in multi-channel estuaries. CRC Press.
[2]. Doan Thanh Hang (2010), Development of salinity intrusion forcasting program for the Red River Delta and Thai Binh River, Hanoi.
[3]. Le Hung (2015), "Research and application of MIKE 11 model to calculate salinity intrusion under climate change scenarios and sea level rise up to 2100 for downstream of Vu Gia Thu Bon river". Final report, Danang.
[4]. Nguyen The Hung and Nguyen Huu Thiem (2013), "Application of the model of Mike 11 prediction of salinity intrusion in the Vu Gia River." Journal of Science and Technology, University of Da Nang. 3, 64 (2013).
[5]. Dang Thi Kim Nhung et al. 2015. "Estimation and prediction of salt water intrusion in Tra Khuc-Ve river." Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Sciences. 50, Hanoi.

Abstract: Pit latrines eventually fill up and mostly have to be disludged for continued reuse of the facility. Disludging and disposal of pit latrine contents may expose the public and disludgersto harmful pathogens. Helminthes have been found to exist in faecal sludge and are the most resilient hence their elimination would render the faecal sludge safe upon exposure. Little is known on the occurrence of helminthes parasites and their magnitude in Kenya. It's on these facts that this research is based upon to find out the various helminthes species present in faecal sludge and their occurrences in regard to pit latrine depth. Thirty five pit latrines were selected purposively and sampled at............

Keywords: faecal sludge, helminthes ova, pit latrine

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[4]. Hawksworth, D., Archer, C., Rajcoomar, K., Buckley, C., &Stenström, T. A. (2010).The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the viability of Ascaris ova in urine diversion waste.cell, 72, 8033491.
[5]. Itchon, G. S., Tan, M. L. B., &Holmer, R. J. (2008). An observational study to determine the length of time necessary to eradicate parasitic ova and pathogenic bacteria in human excreta kept in the storage vaults of urine-diverting dehydration toilets in Cagayan de Oro City: A Preliminary Report. Faculty Working Series, (11)..

Abstract: Climate change poses a grave threat to the economies, healthcare, societies, and natural environment. It is caused by various factors, such as the rapid growth of human population, transportation, technology advance, and land use change. The change of land utilization from vegetation to urban areas affects the ecological balance of city environment, especially oxygen needs and the surrounding climate. This present study aims at determining the coverage area of green open space required in Tasikmalaya city, Indonesia, based on the oxygen needs Gerakis formula is employed to calculate the needs of oxygen for human, vehicles, and livestock. The result showed that the green open space in Tasikmalaya city was 342.27 Ha. It is smaller than the required green open space necessary to increase the participation oh the community and business practitioners as the strategy to develop the green..........

Keywords: climate change, green open space, oxygen needs

[1] Gratimah R D G. Analisis Kebutuhan Hutan Kota Sebagai Penyerap Gas CO2 Antropogenik di Pusat Kota Medan. Thesis (Medan: North Sumatera University). 2009 : 1-77.
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[3] Pribadi M A. Analisis dan Arahan Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Sebagai Strategi Mitigasi Urban Heat Island di Kabupaten Karawang. Thesis (Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University). 2015 : 1-93.
[4] Patarkalashvili T K 2017 Urban Forests and Green Space of Tbilisi and Ecological Problems of The City J.Annals of Agrarian Science. 2017; 15(2) :181-187.
[5] Ardani C, Hanafi N, and Pribadi T. Area Prediction of Green Open Space to Complate Oxygen Requirement in Palangkaraya. Journal Hutan Tropis. 2013; 1(1) : 32-38...

Abstract: An attempt is made in the present study to assess the drinking water quality in Dupadu. Drinking water samples collected from 4 locations covering uniformly the entire village. The parameters such as pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Acidity, Alkalinity, Hardness and fluoride were determined. From the analysis, it is observed that the fluoride concentration in drinking water in this village varies from 1.7 mg/l to 2.0 mg/l causing dental and skeletal flourosis. Overall water quality was unsatisfactory for drinking drinking purposes without any prior treatment. The reason for selecting this village is it's our own village, my village people has been suffering from lot of water borne diseases like fluorosis, cholera etc. We decided to know what are the parameters having the drinking water which causes to water borne diseases and suggested to government to take the necessary precautions about public health.

Keywords: Drinking water quality, Flouride concentration, IS & WHO standards

[1]. V.Sunitha, B.Muralidhara reddy & M.Ramakrishna reddy, Advances in Applied Science Research, Assessment of ground water quality with special reference to fluoride in south eastern part of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh,2012,volume 3 (3,)pp 1618-1623.
[2]. WHO. (2006). Fluoride in drinking water.
[3]. IS 10500:2012 drinking water specifications (second revision), table no.1
[4]. G.S.Birdie & J.S.Birde (2012) water supply & sanitary engineering (ninth edition)
[5]. K.N.Duggal (2009) elements of environmental engineering..

Abstract: Teachers use whiteboards written on using whiteboard marker pens. The solvents in the whiteboard marker pen ink are toxic and irritants making chemical safety necessary in schools. Chemical safety is the prevention of the short and long term adverse effects to humans and the environment from the production, storage, transportation, use and disposal of chemicals. The use of chemicals therefore requires an understanding of what makes the chemicals dangerous as well as its both acute and chronic hazards. This study sought to establish the safety knowledge, attitude and practices of teachers on use of dry erase ink. The study design was Cross Sectional with 224 respondents...........

Keywords: Attitude, Chemical safety, Knowledge, Practices, Teachers

[1]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2015). Toxicological profile. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
[2]. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Massachusetts. Academic Press.
[3]. Anderson, R. and Anderson, J. (2003). Acute toxicity of marking pen emissions. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 66(9): 829-845
[4]. Brady, J. E. (2007). The study of matter and its changes (5th Ed). New Jersey. John Wiley and Sons.
[5]. Clarke, M. and Pittaway, S. (2014). Marsh's becoming a teacher (6thedn). Sydney. Pearson...

Abstract: This study focused on the use of antimicrobial edible coatings and films to reduce populations of foodborne pathogens in foods.The edible films were made by various lavander essential oil(Lavandula Stoechas L. Subsp. Stoechas ) concentrations of 1 %, 2 %,egg white protein powder (EWPP) 5% (w/v) and sorbitol 3% (w/v) as plasticizer. Kashar cheese samples were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus at a level of 106 cfu-g. After coating some of the Kashar cheese samples with film, all samples were stored at 4 °C for 30 days. Antimicrobial activities and selected physical-chemical parameters were assessed on the 1st, 7th, 15th...........

Keywords: Edible film, Kashar cheese, lavander essential oil

[1] Abchin, A. S., Nasrolahi Omran, A., Jafari, N., Mostafapour, M. J. and Kia, S. M. 2012. Antibacterial effects of Lavandula Stoechas essential oil, on gram positive and negative bacteria in vitro. Medical Laboratory Journal, 6 (2): 34-41.
[2] Abchin, A., Nasrolahi, O., Jafari, N., Mostafapour, M.J., 2013. Antibacterial effects of Lavandula Stoechas Essential Oil, on Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria in Vitro, Medical Laboratory Journal. 6(2):35-41.
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[4] AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Association of Official Analytical Chemists (publisher), Washington, DC 20044, USA, 1018p

[5] ASTM, 1983. "Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, Standard E96-80", Annual Book of American Standard Testing Methods, Philadelphia, PA., 761-770...

Abstract: The existence of factories has a significant potential to transform community, whether to being more of negativity or of positivity. The factories, thus, are supposed to inhibit the negative effects upon the community as they could generate serious conflicts within the community; which, further, is said to distract factorial and social activities. One of the negative effects refers to any environmental tragedies as result of lack of responsibility from the factories for maintaining and personifying their commitment in an ethical business world. Lots of demands, therefore, are burdened to the factories, requiring them to soon complete their responsibilities upon the community. This current research aimed at investigating role of CSR as a behavioral commitment of factory in response to environmental issues around Purwodadi Sugar Factory. Based on the result of the research, it had been shown that CSR had succeeded to overcome the environmental issues as it could suppress and minimize the occurrence..............

Keywords: CSR, Commitment, Factory, Enviroment

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Abstract: The drainage of mining waters from underground polymetallic mining activity has led to the study of water polluted by mining and its environmental impact in the communities of the Opamayo River Basin of the Huancavelica region, to assess the polluting metal species ; Therefore, the concentrations of the elements existing in waters of the basin and some of its main tributaries were determined, in order to know the real risk generated in the area, for the analysis of these metals the analytical method of spectrophotometry was implemented. Atomic absorption flames, achieving the characteristic concentration according to the equipment Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer............

[1]. ALCÁNTARA BOZA, F.A. (2015). Modelo de geoformaciones cóncavas para recargas de agua subterránea en cabeceras de cuenca del río jequetepeque, cajamarca. (tesis doctorado: doctorisphilosophiae en recursos hídricos) doctorado en recursos hídricos. Universidad Nacional Agraria laMmolina, Lima, Perú
[2]. ALIAGA MARTINEZ, M.P. (2010). Situación Ambiental del Recurso Hídrico en la Cuenca baja del Rio Chillón y su Factibilidad de Recuperación para el Desarrollo Sostenible. (Tesis Maestría: Maestría en Ciencias con mención en Tratamiento de Agua y Reuso de Desechos) Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Lima, Perú.
[3]. CALLA LLONTOP, H.J. (2010). Calidad del agua en la cuenca del Río Rímac - Sector de San Mateo, afectado por las actividades mineras. (Tesis Maestría: Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales con mención en Desarrollo Sostenible en Minería y Recursos Energéticos) Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica Minera Metalúrgica y Geográfica. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú.
[4]. CESAR DALMO, F. (2009). Simulação de Demandas de Recursos Hídricos Utilizando o Modelo de Simulação MIKE BASIN, no Trecho do Reservatório de Ibitinga no Rio Tiete e Seus Afluentes. (Título de Mestre: emCiências da Engenharia Ambiental) A escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil.
[5]. QUISPEALAYA LUIS et al. (2018). Estudio de AguasContaminadaspor la Minería y suImpactoAmbiental en lasComunidades de la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Rio Opamayo de la Región de Huancavelica. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Perú...

Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of Organochlorine and Organophosphorous pesticides residues in water samples from some paddy fields ditches, ponds and tubewells in Daudkandi Thana of Comilla district in Bangladesh by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Among 25 samples, Organophosphorus (Malathion) pesticide was found in eleven samples while Organocholorine was absent. The level of the pesticide residues (Malathion) were found in the range of 1 to 82 ppm, which were above the maximum acceptable levels of total and individual pesticide contamination.

[1]. Sultana P, Nobukazu N. An analysis of pesticide use for rice pest management in Bangladesh. Journal of International Development and Cooperation. 2001; 8(1): 107-126.
[2]. Bagchi S, Azad AK, Chowdhury MAZ, Uddin MA, Al-Reza SM, Rahman MA. Quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in some pond water samples of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution. 2009; 6(4):27–30.
[3]. Hossain MS, Fakhruddin ANM, Chowdhury MAZ, Rahman MA, Alam MK. Health risk assessment of selected pesticide residues in locally produced vegetables of Bangladesh. International Food Research Journal. 2015; 22(1):110–115.
[4]. Akoto O, Andoh H, Darko G, Eshun K, Osei-Fosu, P. Health risk assessment of pesticides residue in maize and cowpea from Ejura, Ghana. Chemosphere. 2013; 92(1): 67-73.
[5]. Rahman S. Pesticide consumption and productivity and the potential of IPM in Bangladesh. Science of The Total Environment. 2013; 445-446: 48-56...

Abstract: To fulfill the demand for land in the surrounding of Losari Beach in Makasar city due to increasing population growth and economic activities, now the local government is and will be doing the reclamation in the area that will be referred to as Center Point of Indonesia (CPI). Coastal reclamation has potential to affect the quality of marine waters. Therefore, it is necessary to water quality computational modeling to forecast changes in water quality due to reclamation to consequently planned measures to minimize the negative impact. Computational modeling of water quality is done by the software MIKE-21 module ECO-Lab FM from DHI. This module is the latest a numerical simulation tool for modeling 2D and 3D ecology an ecosystem. Based on modeling results, the value of Biological Oxygen.........

Keywords: reclamation, water quality, BOD, DO, numerical modeling

[1]. Amelia, M. Victor, K.M.R., Barkah, N. & Dewantama, I., Dampak reklamasi lingkungan perairan : studi kasus Teluk Benoa, Bali, Indonesia, Prosiding Seminar Nasional ke-III Fakultas Teknik Geologi Universitas Padjajaran - Peran Geologi dalam Pengembangan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Kebencanaan, 2016.
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Abstract: The preservative potentials of the aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds, leaves and stem bark were studied by evaluating their antibacterial activities against some bacteria isolated from spoilt locally produced soymilk at different concentrations of 2g/100ml, 4g/100ml, 6g/100ml, 8g/100ml and 10g/100ml each of the seeds, leaves and stem bark powder. This was aimed at finding an alternative, but safer and cheaper way of preserving soymilk. The bacteria isolates were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the study showed that the seeds, leaves, and stem bark of aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera were active against the isolated bacteria..........

Keywords: Soymilk, Moringa oleifera, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial, preservative.

[1]. Abalaka M. E. , Daniyan S. Y., Oyeleke S. B. , Adeyemo S. O. (2012).The antibacterial evaluation of moringa oleifera leaf extracts on selected bacterial pathogens. Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(2): 1-4

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