IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-1 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep–Oct 2012

Abstract: This paper examines dam construction in relation to positive and negative socio-economic impacts. It is affirmed that Environmental Impact Auditing (EIA) holds the key to lowering negative impacts. It is a well known fact that dam construction impacts are multi-disciplinary as climatology, geology, biodiversity, etc are affected, with each having feedback effects. Environmental managers and planners must therefore seek to combat negative impacts of dam construction with the use of cognate Environmental Management Plans (EMPs).

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[3] Babalola, A.I. (2003) Economic Impacts of Dam Construction in Ekiti State. N.C.E. Long Essay, College of College of Education, Ikere Ekiti.
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Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a spectrophotometric method of glyphosate assay that is consistent and reproducible over a wide range of concentrations. The use of two buffer systems 4M CH3COOLi pH 5.2/Hydrindantin/DMSO and 0.2M sodium citrate buffer pH 5.0/Ascorbic acid/DMSO which have not been used before for ninhydrin quantification of glyphosate is hereby reported. The absorbance of the resulting purple derivative was measured at 570 nm with molar absorptivity of 5.799×104 and 1.975×104 L mol−1 cm−1. Linear relationships between concentration and absorbance were observed over Beer's law range from 0.3 to 4.5μg/ml. For the citrate system, R2 =0.982, SD = 0.3744, N= 9 and P < 0.0001; while R2 =0.984, SD = 1.0956, N= 8 and P < 0.0001 for the acetate system. The citrate buffer/ascorbic acid system was employed successfully in adsorption studies of glyphosate unto kaolin and starch. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.6159 and 0.699 μg/ml respectively for citrate buffer and 1.802 and 5.5465 μg/ml respectively for the lithium acetate buffer system. The method was applied to quantification of glyphosate adsorption to kaolin and starch, where the citrate buffer gave R2 values of 0.803 (Freundlich) and 0.964 (Langmuir) for kaolin.
Keywords: Buffer, Glyphosate, Ninhydrin, Spectrophotometric determination

[1] T. V. Nedelkoska, G. K. C. Low, High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic determination of glyphosate in water and plant material after pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate, Anal. Chim. Acta., 511, 2004, 145–153.
[2] B. L. Bhaskara, P. Nagaraja, Direct sensitive spectrophotometric determination of glyphosate by using ninhydrin as a chromogenic reagent in formulations and environmental water samples, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 8(11), 2006, 2686–269.
[3] P. L. Alferness, Y. Iwata, Determination of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid in soil, plant and animal matrices and water by Capillary Glass Chromatography with mass-selective detection J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 1994, 2751-2759.
[4] C. D. Stalikas, C. N. Konidari, Analytical methods to determine phosphonic and amino acid group-containing pesticides, J. Chromatography, 907, 2001, 1-19.
[5] FAO/WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 78). Pesticide residues in food — 1986, Evaluations — 1986, Part I — Residues. 1986, Rome.
[6] M. R. Jan, J. Shah, M. Mohammed and B. Ara, Glyphosate herbicide residue determination in samples of environmental importance using spectrophotometric method, Journal of Hazardous Materials 169, 2009, 742–745.
[7] D. K. Sharma, R. Kashyap and N. Kumar, Spectroscopic method for determination of glyphosate in relation to its environmental and toxicological, Arch. Environ. Sc. 6, 2012, 42-49.
[8] A. C. Beckwith, J. W. Paulis and S. Wall, Direct estimation of lysine in corn meals by the ninhydrin color reaction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 23 (2), 1975, 194-196.
[9] S. Moore and W. H. Stein, A modified ninhydrin reagent for photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds, J. Biol. Chem., 211, 1954, 907.
[10] S. Moore, Amino acid analysis: aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent for the ninhydrin reaction. J. Biol. Chem., 243, 1968, 6281-6283.

Abstract: Studies were conducted to analyze the characteristics of shelf stable canned salted beef with tomato gravy involving the effect of thermal processing. Product standardization was done by traditional method utilizing tomato gravy along with salted beef for making shelf stable canned meat. After that the optimized preservative concentration and thermal treatments were given to it at different temperature time combinations viz., 1100C 1150C and 1210C for 20,30 and 40 minutes respectively in order to interpret the effect of thermal processing and salt as a preservative. Samples were evaluated initially and after that at the intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, days for sensory analysis. Microbiological, chemical and sensory studies were conducted after each 15 day interval up to other 60 days in order to depict the increase in shelf life stability due to application of curd as an emulsifier (i.e. effect of preservative and thermal processing). It was found that the thermal processing of shelf stable canned salted beef with tomato gravy done at 121 0C for 40 minutes had significantly superior acceptability and the adequate protein, fat, moisture content was found significantly superior in 1100C for 40 min.
Keywords: Product Standardization, Thermal processing, Canning, Sterilization, Shelf life study.

[1] Association of Official Analytical chemists, 1975 Official methods of analysis, Washington
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Abstract: Ants are dominant insects and highly developed social animal. They are widely distributed throughout the world. Currently there are 28 subfamilies and 408 genera. (Bolton et.al, 2007) The species Messor himalayanus Forel belongs to the subfamily Myrmicinae of family Formicidae. The present study was carried out in three places of Kollam district viz. Kuriottumala, Punalur and Yeroor. The ecology of this species ie; nesting pattern, habit, habitat, food preferences, active involvement in day timings and colonial behavior are observed. The species Messor himalayanus Forel resdescribed, compared with other species of Messor and similarities and dissimilarities are also provided. Currently there are only two species of Messor reported from India and only one from South India and the species Messor himalayanus Forel adds a new report to South India.
Keywords: Messor himalayanus, Myrmicinae, New report, Resdescription, South India.

[1] Bingham, C. T. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma.Hymenoptera, Vol.II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps.. Taylor and Francis, London (1903) 506 pp
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Abstract: This study assessed the influence of organo-phosphorus (OP) Diazinon pesticide on adult tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in a semi static renewal bioassay for 30 days. Adult fish were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for 7days and then exposed to varying sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/l) for 30 days and compared with control (untreated). Total protein was determined in plasma, muscle, gills, liver and kidney. The water quality used for the study showed pH 7.05, dissolved oxygen 6.7 mg/l, temperature 26.0 0C, alkalinity 16.25 mg/l, conductivity 106.12ps/cm and turbidity 0.46 NTU. The 96h LC50 of diazinon was 7.65mg/l. At various concentration of diazinon, fish showed uncoordinated behaviour such as somersaulting, convulsion and erratic swimming. The levels of total protein in plasma was significantly lower (P<0.05) in all test concentrations in comparison with the control; but no concentration-dependent among the various concentration of diazinon was observed. Conversely, protein concentrations in muscle, liver, gills and kidney decreased with increased concentration of diazinon (P<0.05). It is concluded that protein concentrations in muscle, gill, liver and kidney are useful biomarkers of sub-lethal effects of diazinon in Oreochromis niloticus.
Key words: Biomarkers, Diazinon, Oreochromis niloticus, Renewal bioassay, Sub-lethal effects, Total protein

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Abstract: The distribution of 73 aquatic and semi-aquatic angiospermic species belonging to 39 genera and 19< families collected from all three tahsils (Lalitpur, Mahroni and Talbahat) of Lalitpur district of Uttar-Pradesh are enumerated. The members of family Cyperaceae exhibit their dominance followed by Hydrocharitaceae, Commelinaceae and Aracaceae with 33, 5, 4 and 4 species respectively.
Key Words: Aquatic and semi-aquatic Flora, Monocotyledons, Lalitpur.

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Abstract: In the present study pork samples from markets of Assam, India were collected and analyzed to< detect the presence of Ceftiofur residues using a High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) System and a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. 300 nos. of representative pork samples were collected from different pork markets of Assam. The samples after collection were preserved at -20°C. Analyses of the samples using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Vis Detector were done as per the method of Oka et al, 1985 while analyses of the same samples using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer were done as per the method of< Annapurna et al. ,2009. Ceftiofur residues were extracted with Mc-IIvaine buffer. Solid phase extraction clean up was done with Sep-pak C18 cartridge. Recovery ranged from 83-95% (HPLC) and 57- 80%(Spectrophotometer).Out of the tested samples, 10 nos of the screened samples were detected to be positive for trace residues of Ceftiofur using Spectrophotometer while 14 nos .of same samples were detected for ceftiofur residue using HPLC method which were well below the MRL value.
Keywords: Assam, Ceftiofur, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Pork, Solid Phase Extraction, Spectrophotometer

[1] H. N. Booth,; Mc. Donald, E. L. John's Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, (5th edition, section 14, Kalyani publishers
,India,1993), 766-67.
[2] R.E Hornish and S. F. Katarski, Cephalosporins in Veterinary Medicine - Ceftiofur Use in Food Animals, Current Topics in
Medicinal Chemistry, 2 (7),2002 , 717- 731
[3] R. L. Althaus, M. P Molina, M. Rodriguez and N. Fernandez, Detection limits of beta-lactam antibiotics in ewe milk by penzym
enzymatic test, Journal of Food Protection ,64(11). 2001,1844-1847.
[4] M. A Payne, B. S Wetzlich, J. R Edward, Brown, Gardner, S. C James and L. C. Arthur . Comparison of the use of regulatory
assays and high-performance liquid chromatography for detection of residues of ceftiofur sodium metabolites in tissue specimens of
culled dairy cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. ,65(12),2004 ,1730-1733.
[5] Anonymus, Report on Integrated Sample survey for estimation of production of Milk, Egg and Meat, Directorate of Animal
Husbandry & Veterinary Department, Govt. of Assam, 2008-09.
[6] H. Oka, H. Matsumoto and K. Uno, Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. VIII. Application of prepacked C 18 cartridge
for the analysis of tetracycline residues in animal liver. Journal of Chromatography, 325,1985, 265-274
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Abstract: The study investigated the Telfairia occidentalis waste (leaves and stalk) potential in supplementing the naturally low nutrients in compost. Experimental study design was conducted inside windrows to compare different recipes for aerobic composting of the waste. Total of four windrow chambers (labeled as: AA, BB, CC, TO) were used. Inside each chamber, compost recipes were varied viz: AA contained mixture of Telfairia occidentalis waste, Cow Intestinal Waste (CIW) and other organic waste from Mixed Municipal Waste (MMW); BB contained Telfairia occidentalis waste and CIW; CC contained CIW and MMW; and, TO contained Telfairia occidentalis waste alone. The ratio of 3:1 was maintained for either Telfairia occidentalis waste or MMW and cow waste respectively. The materials were allowed to decompose for a period of 12 weeks. At maturity composts samples were analyzed for their nutrient and heavy metal compositions. BB appeared to be the best recipe for Telfairia occidentalis waste management through composting. It gave the highest values for the following nutrients: C (37.350±0.212 %), N (3.205±0.007 %), P (1.310± 0.028 %), Mg (0.500±0.057 %), and Ca (0.730±0.028 %) that are of good compost characteristics. The levels of nutrients and heavy metals were within the ranges of national and international standards. Hence, the management of Telfairia occidentalis waste through composting serves dual purposes of recovering nutrients locked-up in the stalk and leaves for plant growth and environmental sanitation.
Keywords - Composting, Environmental sanitation, Fluted pumpkin, Plant growth, Waste management

[1] S.N. Asoegwu, Effects of irrigation on the leaf and pod production of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) in Southern
Nigeria, Food Chemistry, 70(2), 2000, 235-240.
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Ibadan, April 26-30, 2004.
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Source and Botanical Insecticide in Telfairia occidentalis, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3 (5), 2007, 642-652.
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anemia in Nigeria, African Journal of Agricultural Research 3 (1), 2008, 074-077.
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522-527.
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Abstract: This study was carried out in the areas of kodad in Nalagonda District, during the time frame 2009- 2010. In this study a group of 50 healthy workers and another group of (100exposed) labours working in cement factories were randomly selected with ages ranging from 20-35, 35-50, 50-65 years. The blood samples were taken from them and estimation of hemoglobin (Darkbinsmethod), total Leukocyte count were analysed.The result shows the% of hemoglobin of exposed labours from different age groups 20-35, 35-50, 50-65 are non significant (P>0.05) Total leukocyte counts in labours of different age groups 20-35, 35-50, 50-65 are< insignificant (P<0.05) Results were compared in a mean, and on the basis of period exposure. Considering the hazards of exposure to cement dust, this study incorporated the basic hematological parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the total leukocyte count. The idea was to identify a simple, readily available and cost effective screening test that could help in identifying the presence of disease, its severity, in cement workers potentially related to their workplace.
Keywords: Cement Workers, hematology, exposure.

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Abstract:Background: Environmental challenges and opportunities vary among schools around the world, across countries and within communities. World Health Organization had reported that the biggest threats to child health and in fact accounting for more than five million deaths each year in children less than 15 years of age are linked to the environment in which they live, learn and play -their homes, schools and their communities. This study assessed the quality of the physical environment of all the secondary schools in
Calabar, Cross River State.

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