IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2015

Abstract: This Article "The Rights of Non-Muslims in an Islamic State" was undertaken, because of the distortions being circulated about Islam. The article is therefore design to deal with certain aspects of Islam which has been forgotten by the non-Muslims and even so-called Muslim rulers and leaders who may be victim of various vices and may impose regulations which go contrary to the Qur'an and the sunnah. The methodology explored for this article was basically philosophical; this means Qur'an and Sunna covered the primary sources, while the secondary sources will be the published materials.

[1]. AbdulAl-rahman doi, (1990) Shari‟ah the Islamic law unitedkingdom, Taha publishers, /1404.p.426
[2]. Abdalati Hamuda, Islam in Focus, Salimah Kuwait co-operated
[3]. With uk The international Islamic Organizations, 1978 p.145.
[4]. Abdul Musa, The Classical Caliphate , Lagos, Islamic publication Bureau, 1976, p. 129.
[5]. Al Qardqwi,Yusuf, (1977), Ghayr al-Mulimin filmujtama al Islami, Cairo Holy Qur‟an, Chap: 21,Vs,104.

Abstract: Leelavathi, a treatise on Mathematics, is written by Bhaskara II who lived in 12th century A.D. Besides explaining the details of mathematical concepts that were in existence up to that period, the text introduces some new mathematical concepts. This paper is an attempt to analyze the metres employed in Leelavathi as well as the concepts of permutation and combination introduced by the author in the same text.

Key words:-Combination, Leelavathi, Meruprasthara, Metre, Permutation,

[1]. Chandassastra of Pingala with the commentary on Halayudhabhatta, Parimal publications, Delhi, 1994
[2]. Geometry in anceinrt and medieval India,T.A. Sarsvati amma, Motilal Banarsidass publishers Pvt ltd, Delhi 1979, (RevisedEd, 1999)
[3]. leelavathi with the commentary on malayalam of P.K. Koru, Mathrubhumi and Publishing Co-Ltd Kozhikode, 1954
[4]. Leelavathi of bhaskaracharya,A treatise of mathematics of vedic tradition, Ed, K.S. Patwardhan, et..al…, Motilal Banarsidass publishers Pvt ltd, Delhi 2006.
[5]. Leelavathi of bhaskaracharya,Ed, with the Budhivilasini and vivarana commnt.s by V.G. Apte, Anandasramam press, pune1937.
[6]. Leelavathi or A treatise of arithamatic and Geomatry, by Bhaskaracharya,by John Tylor, MD, Bombay,printed at the courier pressby Samuel Rans.Bombay. 1816.

Abstract: This paper assessed the socio-economic importance of Tricycle (Keke Napep) as a tool of poverty alleviation. It is service industry task with the role of commuting passengers and their light freight across a geographical space. The full weight of the transportation medium was exerted on the study area with the ban of motor cycle operations. It forms part of many socio-economic activities taking place in Maiduguri. Multi stage sampling techniques were used in collecting the primary data. Maiduguri was stratified into densely, moderately and sparsely populated areas.

[1]. Dar Al Handassah (1981) Maiduguri Traffic Survey 1980.Kaduna , Shier and partners.
[2]. Janell,D(2002) Model and concept of spatial Reorganization of Traffic Flow in Urban Centres. Earthscan Publications: London.
[3]. Josiah, O. (2008) NAPEP to spend 2 Billion on importation of 5000 Tricycles. Punch Newspapers. http//www.punchng.com/articleprint2aspx?thear
[4]. Kenneth,B.J and Joseph, K.B(2004) Traffic Congestion in an Urban Centres: Case Study of Ilorin ,Nigeria. International Journal of Transportation Planning 2.(8) 18-22
[5]. License Office, Borno State (1996) Statistics 1980-1996.

Abstract: This study discusses the information generation and utilization of Primary Health Care (PHC) practitioners in Rural Areas of North-Western States of Nigeria. Four (4) research questions were formulated. The research questions sought to find out the: type of PHC information generated by health care practitioners in the PHCs in rural areas of North-Western States of Nigeria; how the primary health practitioners in the PHCs in rural areas of North Western Nigeria utilise the primary health care information generated among others: The population of the study consists of all the primary health care practitioners in the PHCs in rural areas of North Western State of Nigeria. Out of the total population of 5,958 health workers, 1,192 (20%) were selected using stratified Random sampling procedure.

[1]. Benjamin, B. (2008). Medical Information. Britacy Heinemann. PP 48-49
[2]. Blumenthal, D. & Egbert, T. (2010). The Meaningful Use Regulation for Electronic Health Records. The New England Journal of Medicine, 363 (6), 501-504.
[3]. Blumenthal, D. & Egbert, T. (2010). The Meaningful Use Regulation for Electronic Health Records. The New England Journal of Medicine, 363 (6), 501-504.
[4]. Ehiemere, I. O. (2001). A Guide to Nursing Process, 1st Edition. Enugu: Kinsmann Publishers.
[5]. Elisha, M. (2000). "Management of Medical Records". (Unpublished MLs Thesis). Zaria Department of Library and Information Science, Ahmadu Bello University. P.15
[6]. John, O. R. (2006). Interface Model for Information Utilization in Research Institution. Lagos: Journal of Library and Information Science, Vol. 3. (2) pp. 147 – 152.

Abstract: Media works for the development of country. Media throws light on weaker section of the society. In the rural area, small and medium newspapers bridge between the society and concerned government. Small and medium newspapers commenced with an intension to ignite the freedom fire in people mind in the pre-independence India. They are playing momentous role in the development of nation in post independence India also. Small and medium newspapers also have equal responsibility and role to build the nation strongly. Because India is the country of the villages.

[1]. Durgabhavani, 1992, Development News Coverage in Leading Telugu Newspapers, Communicator Journal.
[2]. EshwarDaitota, 1999, Development Journalism, Karnataka Media Academy, Bangalore.
[3]. GopalkrishnaAnamatti, 1999, District Newspapers, Karnataka University, Dharwad.
[4]. Guruprasad.G, 2008, Status of Districts News Papers: A Case Study OfTumkur District, Bangalore University, Bangalore.
[5]. Harishandra D, 2000, Development News in the Newspapers of Dakshin Kannada District, Mass Communication and Journalism Department, Mangalore University, Mangalore.

Abstract: The study examined the factors that determine FDI inflow in Nigeria. It specifically assessed the extent to which market capitalization, trade openness gross fixed capital formation and level of economic activities affect foreign direct investment inflow in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Time series data were collected from the CBN statistical Bulletin using the desk survey method and were analyzed using the ordinary least square multiple regression statistical technique. ADF and PP unit root were complementarily applied to test the stationarity of the time series. A correlation matrix was also used to check the relationship between all the variables. Result on the basis of the OLS revealed that there is a large inverse effect of market capitalization and gross fixed capital formation on FDI inflow in Nigeria. Also an over liberal trade policy is a disincentive for foreign direct investment in Nigeria.

[1]. Adaramola, A. O. & Obisesan, O. G. (2015). Impact of foreign direct investment on Nigerian capital market development. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Science, 5 (1):103-108
[2]. Adefoso, H. A. & Agoola, A. A. (2012). Determinants of foreign direct investment inflow in Nigeria: an empirical investigation. International Business Management, 6 (1): 83-89.
[3]. Akingube, O. (2003). Flow of foreign direct investment to hitherto neglected developing countries. WIDER Discussion Paper.
[4]. Anyanwu, J. C. (2006). Promoting of investment in Africa. African Development Review, 18(1): 42-71.
[5]. Asiedu, E. (2002). On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different? World Development 30 (1): 107-19.
[6]. Asiedu, E. (2003).Foreign direct investment to Africa: the role of government policy, institutions and political instability. Working paper. Lawrence KS: University of Kansas

Abstract: Western Duars is situated in the northern portion of present West Bengal in India. In the pre-colonial period this area was a part of Pragjyotishpur- Kamrup, Kamatapur and Cooch Behar State. Population was very meagre as this area was covered by hill and jungle; only the people of some Indo- Mongoloid tribes such as Mech, Toto, Garo, Rabha, and Drucpa lived there. After the occupation of the Duars by the Brirish in 1865 by the 2nd Anglo- Bhutanese war, Britishers cast their commercial eyes on that area. They introduced new economic policy creating new jotdary system in the lands and establishing tea enterprising in the Duars.

[1]. Surgeon Rennie, Bhotan and the Story of Dooar War, First published in London in 1866, Second Published in New Delhi, 1970
[2]. Charu Chandra Sanyal, The Meches and the Totos- Two Sub- Himalayan Tribes of North Bengal, NBU, 1973, p, 7.
[3]. W. W. Hunter, A Statistical Account of Bengal, Delhi, 1877, pp, 254-255.
[4]. West Bengal State Archives, Kolkata, Revenue Depertment, Land Revenue, Government of Bengal, P.V.I, Nov, 1891.
[5]. Ibid.
[6]. Barun De, et.al,West Bengal District Gazetteer,Jalpaiguri 1981,pp, 204-205,and J.A. Milligan, op.cit,Letter of F.A.Sachse,Director of Land Records,Bengal, p, 6.

Abstract: Juanda Declaration is one of the milestones of the Republic of Indonesia to be recognized and inclusion as Island States (Archipelagic State) in UNCLOS. The recognition of consequences of the condition of the waters of Indonesia to increase the breadth of the territorial waters of Indonesia. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, with as many as 17,508 islands and territorial waters covering an area of 3.1 million km2 and a coastline of 95 181 km (fourth longest in the world), making the Indonesian waters are open. During the conduct of security in the territorial waters conducted by the police in addition to referring to the positive law is also guided by the international rules contained in the 1982 UNCLOS.

[1]. CMIS PS Satgas Bareskrim Mabes Polri, Penanganan Penyelundupan Manusia di Indonesia (Polri, Jakarta, 2012).
[2]. CMIS PS Satgas Bareskrim Mabes Polri, Petunjuk Penanganan Tindak Pidana Penyelundupan Manusia: Pencegatan, Penyidikan, Penuntutan dan Koordinasi di Indonesia (Polri, Jakarta, 2012).
[3]. Indonesian Law No. 6 Year 1996 about Perairan Indonesia
[4]. Indonesian Law of Civil
[5]. Indonesian Law of Civil Procedure

Abstract: Dharma is the preservative and supportive principle of cultural life which encompasses human duties, customs, traditions, religion, and righteousness. It is considered first among the four ends of human life (Purusārthacatuṣṭaya). Out of all the yogas and paths to 'God realization' as described in the Bhagvad Gīta (the Gītā), three yogas – jñāna (knowledge), karma (action) and bhakti (devotion) are considered a trinity in unity where karma is the leader. The Bhagvad Gītā preaches that karma (action) sans kāma (desire) with a spirit of sacrifice (niṣkāmakarma) can lead one to divinity.

Keywords: Dharma, Karma, Bhakti, Jñāna, Niṣkāmakarma.

[1]. Apte, V.S. The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass,1985. Print.
[2]. Sastri, Haragovinda ed. Manusmṛtiḥ. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, Vikramasamvit 2069. Print.
[3]. Pandeya, Ramanarayan Dattasastri. ed. with Hindi tr. Mahābhārata. Vol.II, Gorakhpur: Gitapress, Vikramasamvit 2044. Print.
[4]. Chakrabarty, Debasis. Vaisesika-Sutra of Kanada, New Delhi: D.K. Print world (p) Ltd, 2003. Print.
[5]. Winternitz, M. A History of Indian Literature, Vol. I, Tr. V.S. Sarama, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 2009. Print.
[6]. Radhakrishnan, S. et al. ed. The Cultural Heritage of India, Vol.II, Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 2006. Print.