IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2026

Abstract: Chikkaballapur and Kolar both districts has most number of lakes included in Karnataka state, also these twin cities named as dry districts in the view of scarcity of water. These districts facing good drinking water problem, underground water filled with fluoride content it cause to bones and teeth problems. Here Farmers are using water very scientifically through sprinkling and drip irrigation.they growing Vegetables,Grains,Floriculture and Sericutue....

Key Words: HN valley, underground water,Social work.

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Abstract: This research paper evaluates the transformation of Indo–Nepal relations in the post-2014 period, analysing political tensions, border disputes, economic interdependence, and the impact of great-power competition in the Himalayan region. The study examines key episodes—including the 2015 Madhesi movement, the border blockade, the revision of Nepal’s political map, the rise of nationalist discourse in Kathmandu, and China’s expanding....

Keywords: Indo-Nepal Relations; Post-2014 Foreign Policy; India–Nepal Border Dispute; Belt and Road Initiative; Madhesi Movement; 2015 Blockade; South Asian Geopolitics; Economic Interdependence; China–Nepal Engagement; Connectivity Projects

[1]. Muni, S.D. India and Nepal: A Changing Relationship (New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation, 2016).
[2]. Dixit, Kanak Mani. “The Blockade Was the Culmination of India’s Policy Failure,” Himal Southasian, February 2016.
[3]. International Crisis Group, Nepal’s Divisive Constitution (Asia Report No. 276, 2016).
[4]. Singh Sushant Singh. “Behind Nepal’s Political Earthquake: India’s Strategic Missteps,” The Indian Express, 2015.
[5]. Thapa, Deepak Thapa. “The Madhesi Question and Federal Tensions in Nepal,” Economic & Political Weekly 51, no. 2 (2016)..

Abstract: Background: Conventional as well as contemporary financial literacy research frameworks frequently exhibit a persistent “Knowledge-Behaviour Gap”, indicating the failure of the Knowledge-Attitude-Behaviour (KAB) model, which fails to trace the psychological progression from initial awareness to tangible financial actions, thereby neglecting the critical pre-cognitive catalysts, essential for transitioning passive information into active financial engagement.....

Keywords: Financial Literacy, Financial Exposure, Financial Importance, Financial Behaviour, Public Sector Employees, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).

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