IOSR-JHSS   National Conference on SOCIO CULTURAL REDEMPTION IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Abstract: The Indian Women novelists in English Ratika Kapur and Mallika Krishnamurthy have explored the complexities of modern life even in their debut novels. Both, Ratika Kapur 's Over Winter and Mallika Krishnamurthy's Six Yards of Silk narrate poignant tale of love, loss, memory, hurt, and guilt. The novels take place in different milieus but the quintessence of the human emotions has been captured splendidly. Ratika's Over Winter sets in the quiet leafy enclaves of South Delhi is about Ketuki, the protagonist, and her familial bond and her relationship with others. The novel, long listed for Man Asian Literary Prize, investigates the cold internalizations of family, betrayal, and hurt. It conveys that the well ordered life is a life of thin film of ice that covers a lake in winter. Mallika Krishnamurthy's Six Yards of Silk is about Sharmila who lives in New Zealand with her husband and three sons. The action shuttles between India and New Zealand, through memory and loss as Sharmila seeks to understand the mysterious disappearance of her brother, Ramesh. Ratika Kapur and Mallika Krishnamurthy portray the complexities of human relations and their mental breakdowns in their debut novels.
Key words: family, humanity, hurt, love, relations

[1] Kapur, Ratika. Overwinter. New Delhi: Hachette, 2011. Print.
[2] Krishnamurthy, Mallika. Six Yards of Silk. New Delhi: Amaryllis, 2011. Print.
[3] Kumar, Melanie P. "Beneath the Calm." Deccan Herald 4 March 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2013.

Abstract: Women over the period of time in their life move from innocence to wisdom, ignorance to awareness, immaturity to maturity through their various facets of life. This progress takes place not in all characters but only in a few. This paper takes for analysis: Jayakanthan's Kalyani and Dreiser's Carrie who are such women. Though these two writers belong to two different places and society, they were taken for comparison under the following criteria. The protagonists being actresses, their growth from innocence to wisdom through the influence of the society, culture they belong to, and the experience they face every day. Both these authors are revolutionaries, trendsetters for the next generations, and they wanted to create awareness among their country men. They both treated women not as symbol of divinity or as monsters, like others treated, but they dealt with the inner feelings of women, the other side of a woman which the others ignored to look into. Key words: acting, adulterous, identity, society, women

[1] Chandra, Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres, eds. Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 51-80, 1991. Print.
[2] Dreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie, 1900. Ed. Donald Pizer. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1991. Print.
[3] Evans, Robert C. Student‟s Encyclopedia of Great American Writers, 1900-1945. New York: 2010.
[4] Even Stuart, and Elizabeth Even. Channels of Desire: Mass Images and the Shaping of American Consciousness. New York: Mc.
Graw Publishers, 1982. Print.
[5] Jayakanthan. Once An Actress. Trans. K.S.Subramanian. Chennai: New Horizon Media Pvt. Ltd., 2007. Print.
[6] Simone de Beauvoir. The Second Sex. Ed. H.M. Parshley, Vintage Publications, 1960. 235. Print.

Abstract: Literature is along narrative history of events occurred in human's life. It cannot be defined as just an incident. The situations with full of emotions and feelings, empathy, care, sympathy, concern, makes life more meaningful. English literature is a wealthy one that has many stories to delight the readers with. The great writers of yester years have left us with the beautiful collection of poems, prose, fiction and drama. It has taught us how to live with the civilization. The lessons of the past are the present for the future. The dramatists provided lively enjoyment on stage. The novelists brought out the feelings of man. The prose writers threw flavor to think on every aspect of human life. Poets with the imaginative power gave a panoramic view on romantic life. This paper tries to justify the interpersonal relationship seen in various walks of English Literature.
Key words: drama, empathy, emotions, feelings, relationship

[1]. Alfred North Whitehead Quotes – www.thinkexist.com
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Classic Library),Arista Edition.
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Classic Library),Arista Edition.
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Classic Library), Arista Edition.
[6]. Clark. W.G and Wright Aldis. W The Merchant of Venice "Collected Works of William Shakespeare" Illustrated World
Encyclopedia (World Classic Library),Arista Edition.
[7]. Clark. W.G and Wright Aldis. W A Mid Summer Night‟s Dream "Collected Works of William Shakespeare" Illustrated World
Encyclopedia (World Classic Library), Arista Edition.
[8]. Clark. W.G and Wright Aldis. W A Mid Summer Night‟s Dream "Collected Works of William Shakespeare" Illustrated World
Encyclopedia (World Classic Library), Arista Edition.
[9]. Clark. W.G and Wright Aldis. W The Merchant of Venice "Collected Works of William Shakespeare" Illustrated World
Encyclopedia (World Classic Library), Arista Edition.
[10]. Shakespeare William. Measure For Measure Complete Plays-William Shakespeare, Heritage Press, New York,1959

Abstract: John Hoyer Updike was a great American novelist, poet, short story writer, memoirist and critic. His careful craftsmanship, unique prose style and prolific output made him one of the dominant American literary figures of the post-war era. Though Updike's oeuvre is large, his critical reputation rests largely upon his accomplishment as a novelist. His novels chronicle the drama of small town American life. The principal themes of his novels are religion, sex, death and America. Updike is best known for his Rabbit novels – Rabbit, Run, Rabbit Redux, Rabbit is Rich, Rabbit at Rest and a novella Rabbit Remembered. The protagonist of these novels is Harry Angstrom - a middle class American.Updike was a critic of America who saw the society entirely feeble. His novels give a detailed account of middle-class families, their religion and their social customs. This paper portrays Updike's critical view of 1980s American religion through his novel Rabbit At Rest.

[1] Dr. Khan, Hameed. John Updike: A saint of the Mundane. Aurangabad : Kirti Prakashan. 1995.
[2] Howard, Jane. "Can a Nice Novelist Finish First?" Life 61 (1966): 74+. Rpt. in Conversations with John Updike Ed. James Plath.
Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1994. 9-16.
[3] Updike, John. Rabbit at Rest. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
[4] Updike, John. "Why Rabbit Had to go." New York Times Book Review, 5 Aug. 1990: 1+.
[5] Wills, Gary. "Long-Distance Runner." Rev. of Rabbit at Rest, by John Updike. New York Review of Books. October 1990: 11-14.
[6] Wilson, Mathew. "The Rabbit Tetralogy: From Solitude to Society to Solitude Again." Modern Fiction Studies 27.1 (1991):5-24

Abstract: : In the dramas of the modern and postmodern writers of the twentieth-century, many of the vital and traditional elements are rendered inessential. For example, in the theatre of the absurd of Ionesco, Brecht, and Pinter, action is reduced to a few inert movements, language to mere mono or disyllabic words and short snatches if not to mere noises of hums and whimpers, settings to a mere roadside dried-up tree. In the postmodernist context, wherein human worth is measured in terms of one's materialistic achievements, there has been an inevitable paradigm shift in human values and, by extension, literary pursuits have thrown overboard all that is good and desirable in life and art. This paper throws an overview o drama in the period of Arthur Miller.

[1] Miller, Arthur. "Introduction", Collected Plays. Ed. Arthur Miller, 1957. Bombay: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1973 rpt.
[2] Achebe, Chinua. Arrow of God. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1964.
[3] Popourd, Dennis. "An Introduction". Twentieth Century Literary Criticism, Vol.26. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company,
1988.
[4] Miller, Arthur. All My Sons. New York: Dramatists Play Service Inc., 1947.
Raymond Williams. Modern Tragedy. London: Chatto and Windus, 1969.

Abstract: Eco-criticism essentially intends to recuperate the magnificence of nature. An eco-critic reads literature and environment side by side with his one eye set upon the work of art and the other scanning the ecological processes around him with his one hand holding the book and the other holding a branch of a tree. This is about the consciousness of ecology in Shakepaeare's " As You Like It" In short, eco-criticism is an effort on the part of literary critics to add their contribution to the collective efforts of the participants in other disciplines such as: theology, politics, anthropology and psychology, to reserve nature around them that had been kind and benevolent throughout the ages. Here the paper tries to attempt the eco-consciousness in Shakespeare's Pastoral ComedyAs You Like It

[1] Armbruster, Karla, and Kathleen R. Wallace, eds. beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism.
Charlottesville: The University of Virginia, 2001. Print.
[2] Verity, A.W. ed. As You Like It. London: Methuen, 1967. Print
[3] McFarland, Thomas. Shakespeare's Pastoral Comedy. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1972. Print

Abstract: Naipaul in his fictional concerns is renewing a kind of novel in those cultures where his search for a sense of identity and the need to establish a past on which the present can properly stand has a special force. From a vision of the past as a wound, Naipaul carries three conflicting components in his personality of being a Trinidad colonial, an English metropolitan, and a person of Indian ancestry. He thus moves in his selfexploration towards a new restoration and vision of wholeness. As Naipaul confront: India in this work he visualizes a more whole world than mere country. There is a growing compassion and a wish to understand that are stronger in Naipaul's writing now. This compassionate narrative vision enables Naipaul to capture the theme of India collapsing, mutinying, and reaching after a final integration which remains a significant aspect of writing.
Key words: colonial, diaspora, migration, social, identity

[1] Bhabha, Homi. The Location of culture.London: Routledge, 1994.
[2] Dascalu, Cristina Emanuel. Imaginary homelands of writers in exile: Salman Rushdie, Bharati Mukherjee, and V.S. Naipaul, New
York: Cambria press, 2007.
[3] Gorra, Mchael. After Empire: Scott, Naipaul, Rushdie. Chicago of Chicago P,1997.
[4] James Clifford, "Diasporas,‟ Cultural Anthropology 9:3 (1994): 305.
[5] The Third Space." Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. 207-
21.
[6] Naipaul V.S. A House for Mr. Biswas. New Delhi: Penguin, 1992.
[7] Kerstin w. Shands "Neither East. Nor West. Postcolonial Essays on Literature, Culture and Religion". 2008web.21 September 2011.
[8] <http:// sh.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:15732/FULLTEXT01>
[9] Huttunen, Tuomas. V.S. Naipaul: The Mimic Men: Narrative Transcending of Order and Disorder2007web.22Septmber2011
[10] < ojs.ub.gu.se/ojs/index.php/njes/article/download/200/198>
[11] Rocio G.Davis, Imaginary Homelands Revisited In the Novels of Kazuo
[12] www.miscelaneajournal.net/images/stories/articulos/vol15/davis15.pdf

Abstract: Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen and the Ukranian writer LesiaUkrainka have some common themes in their dramas, to name a few – emphasis is placed on the conflict between the individual and society as well as the place of the artist in society. This paper makes an attempt to compare and contrast the traits found in their heroines in a feminist perspective.
Key words: destiny, feminism, hereditary, patriarchial, society

[1] Ibsen, Henrik. Four Major Plays: Volume I. New York: New American Library,1992.
[2] Finney, Gail.` Ibsen and Feminism`. Cambridge Companion to Ibsen. Ed. J.McFarlane. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.
[3] Templeton, Joan. Ibsen's Women. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,1997.
[4] Weretelnyk,Roman. A Feminist Reading Of LesiaUkrainka'sDramas.New York: Routledge,1992.
[5] Maxim. Women in Twentieth Century Ukrainian Literature. Trier:WVT,1993.
[6] Allen, Graham. Intertexuality.The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge,2000.

Abstract: The aim of writing this article is to highlight the theme of helplessness on the part of a woman. Whether she is a mother, daughter, sister or wife, the society always desires that she should be docile, timid and submissive. Through 'S Manju Kapur and Deshpane's novels for they are trying to highlight the change towards which our society is moving but still millions of miles need to be covered for this change to be visible.A major preoccupation in recent Indian Women's writings has been a delineation of inner life and subtle interpersonal relationship. In Indian culture and heritage, individualism, quest for identity, protests and concepts of rebelliousness have often remained alien ideas, as far as women were concerned. Women were not supposed to raise voices for their rights, protest against injustice or question the already existing beliefs, customs, rituals and superstitions. They have to merely exist subjected to the patriarchal system. Manju Kapur's 'Difficult Daughters' (1998) stresses on the woman's need for self-fulfillment autonomy, self realization, independence, individuality and self-actualization. Shashi Deshpande's 'The Binding Vine' (1993) is very much similar to her earlier novels, as it sketches her middle-class female protagonist predicament in a maledominated world, where she has very little scope to give voice to her concerns.
Key words: affection, bondage,devotion, society, tradition,

[1] Agarwal, Malti. New Perspectives on Indian English Writings. Delhi: Atlantic Publisher and Distributors, 2005. Print.
[2] Deshpande,Shashi. The Binding Vine.New Delhi:Penguin,1993. Print.
[3] Jaidev "Problematizing Feminism", Gender and Literature, ed., Iqbal Kaur, Delhi : B.R. Publishing Corporation, 1992.
[4] Kapur, Manju. Difficult Daughters. London: Faber and Faber, 1998. Print.
[5] Prasad, Amar Nath. New Lights on Indian Women Novelists in English: Part 3. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2005. Print.
[6] Sandhu, Sarbijit K. The Image of woman in the novels of Shashi Deshpande, New Delhi: Prestige Books,1991. Print.
[7] Sree, P. Sudha. Difficult Daughters: Trevails in self identity. Prasad, Amar Nath, Indian Women Writing in English: New
Perspective. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. 2005. Print.

Abstract: Gloria Naylor, a celebrated Afro-American novelist, established her own identity as a female as well as a black women writer, with extreme state of prominence in Afro-American literature. She has faithfully depicted through her set of writings her vision of he world in which human being confront evil and a life of illusion and despair. She is rightly recognized for speaking out the rights of women and also other social issues. Naylor realistically portrays the varied lives of African Americans, particularly her minority and a woman in a Caucasian, male-oriented society. Naylor in her novel The Women of Brewster Place portrays the plight of the exceptional aspiring woman of the century, longing to break out of her cramping role in society and compete with her male counterpart on a footing of equality. Women have been treated unequally in all societies and have thus constituted a universal underclass. She explores the predicament of helpless, subjugated women and her approach has been an advocacy of the improvement of status of women rather than outright condemnation of a repressive male-dominated society. In the novels of Naylor, the black woman protagonist is not a Negro instead she is an individual-a human being who is in search of her identity. The character of Naylor perfectly fit in the image of a struggler and survivor.
Key words: feminist, oppression, society, tradition, victim

[1] Naylor, Gloria. The Women of Brewster Place. Penguin Books: USA, 1983. Print.
[2] Bharati, Megha. A Critical Study of the novels of Gloria Naylor. Sarup Book Publishers Pvt .Ltd; New Delhi, 2010.Print.
[3] Wilson, Jr., Charles E. A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press: USA, 2001.Print.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the relationship between the East and the West and the notion of the west on the east. To highlight this issue, an analysis of E.M.Forster's "A Passage to India" is taken for discussion. The themes of the gulf between the two races, the personal relationships, the achievement of harmony within man and the complex problems are brought to the forefront. The mindset of the Indians is realized through the character of Aziz and Forster openly brings out the idea of the natives as being superior to the West. The possibility of a friendship between the Indians and the English is brought out in the novel but at the same time it seems impossible because both are distinctive in their character and feature.
Key words: Orientalism, Reconciliation and harmony, ideology.

[1] Forster, E.M.; A Passage to India; Penguin Books Ltd., New York, 1979.

Abstract: America was an inspiring symbol of hope and emancipation for all the colonials of the east. While the east admired western ideas of progress, it also watched with interest how the west was drawn to Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism as a relief for the material pursuit of boom and amplitude. The east west encounter needs to be viewed from the point of view of a discursive break between the east and the west. It is an understanding of one's singularity, with an infinite responsibility towards the other. Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club meditates on the inability of the characters to translate concepts and sentiments from one culture to another. Jing-mei's experience in China at the end of the book certainly seems to support the possibility of a richly mixed identity rather than an identity of warring opposites. For immigrants and their families, the contrasts within this amalgam can bring particular pain as well as particular richness.
Key words: culture, east, identity, immigrants, west

[1] Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Books, 1998.
[2] Huang, Guiyou, ed. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature. Vols.2. London, 2009: 482-86. Print.
[3] Huang, Guiyou, ed. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature.Vols.1.London,2009: 191-197. Print.

Abstract: African American women, have silenced and kept ignorant by the dominant culture. It is the human need to create and maintain a true self in a social context. However, such an endeavor becomes an ordeal for those who are doubly oppressed, for those who are muted and mutilated physically and psychically through the diabolic crossfire of caste / race, sex and colonialism. This paper focuses on, an African American Woman, throughout her journey of life, seeking wholeness in terms of family, society and community level.

[1] Kulkarni,Harihar.Voices of Black Feminism: The Novels of Paule Marshall. Aurangabad: Rajat Publication. 1999.
[2] Black Feminist Fiction : A March Towards Liberation. New Delhi:Creative Books. 1999.

Abstract: In America, among all the immigrants, Chinese Diaspora consists of the major section and they continue to practice their own culture and tradition even though they are settled in America. Amy Tan is one of the renowned Chinese American writers who have novels reflecting problems faced by the Chinese diaspora in America. Tan garnered worldwide attention with the debut novel The Joy Luck Club. The paper describes the experiences faced by the Chinese Diaspora in America and how they are caught mentally and physically between two worlds, loss of homeland and alienation, clashes of different cultures and their search for identity as portrayed in the novel The Joy Luck Club.
Key words: Diaspora, culture, tradition immigrant, journey

[1] Adams, Bella. Amy Tan. New York: Manchestor University Press. 2005.
[2] Brah, Avatar. Carographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities (Gender, Racism, Ethnicity Series). Taylor and Francis, 2007.
[3] Bloom, Harold. Harold‟s Modern Critical Interpretation: Amy Tan‟s The Joy Luck Club. New York. Infobase Publishing. 2009.
[4] Kim, Alaine. Asian American Literature: An introduction to the Writing and their Social Context. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1982.
[5] Lomba, Ania. Gender, Race, Renaissance Drama. New York: Manchester University Press, 1989.
[6] Moore, William B. Metaphor and Changing Reality. University of Tennessee Press, 1984.
[7] Parks, John G, ed. American Short Stories Since 1945. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002. 635- 643.
[8] Parker, David. The Chinese Takeway and the Diasporic Habitus. Zed Books, 2000.
[9] Prasad, Leela. Live Like The Banyan Tree: Images of the Indian American Experience. Historical Society of Pennsylvannia, 1999.
[10] Rosinsky, Natalie M. Amy Tan Author and Storyteller. Minneapolis: Compass Point Books. 2007.
[11] Sheffer, Gabriel. Middle Eastern Minorites and Diasporas. Sussex Academic Press, 2002.
[12] Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Putnam‟s Sons. 1989.
[13] Valder, Joyce Merril. Culture Bound: Bridging the Cultural Gap in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1986.

Abstract: In the field of Literature, Mark Twain is considered as the Lincoln. "Emerson , long fellow ,Lowell, Homes - I knew them all and the rest of our sages – poets, seers, critics ,humorists; they were like one another and other literary men , but Clemency (Mark Twain) was sole ,incomparable the Lincoln of our Literature‟‟ (Howells 1967:8).

[1] Brown, William W.1847. "Narrative of William W.brown, a Fugitive Slave," as Quoted in Harold Beaver.1986.London; Allen and
unwin
[2] Foner, Philip.1985.MarkTwain, Social critic. Newyork: International publishers.
[3] Howellte, William Dean, 1967, My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticism.ed.Marilyn A.Balodwin.Baton Rouge: Louisiana
state University press.
[4] Stampp, Kenneth.1956, the Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Antebellum South. Newyork: vintage book.
[5] Subramanian, v.1986, "Abraham Lincoln. Civil war". A History of the U.S.A. Madurai; M.S.Publications.
[6] Twain, Mark.1980.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur‟s court. U.S.A.: Watermill press,
[7] Wright, Richard.1969. Twelve Million Black voices.Newyork: Arno publish

Abstract: In any work of fiction, narration or narrative technique is given much importance and is often considered as the element which decides the success of that particular work. Narration has long been experimented by modern and post-modern writers. They created new modes of narrating stories and experiences and also opened up possibilities for different levels of reading and interpreting a work. They went to the level of destructing or denunciating the very narrative they worked on. The term "unreliable narrator" has long existed even before 20th century; however, it was the modern and post modern writers who gave readers a variety of different forms of unreliable narration. Among them, in particular, memory known for its trickiness has the ability to transform an account of an individual's narration into an unreliable one. The fake memory alters the so called "true account" of narration into an erratic one, surprising both readers and narrator or the readers alone. This paper focuses on the unreliability of memory in Julian Barnes' The Sense of an Ending and Salman Rusdie's The Midnight's Children.
Key words: Narration, Narrative Technique, Unreliable narrator, Memor

Primary Sources:
[1] Barnes, Julian. The Sense of an Ending. London: Vintage Books. 2012. Print.
[2] Rushdie, Salman. Midnight‟s Children. London: Vintage, 1995. Print.
Secondary Sources:
[3] Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,1983. 2nd ed.158 – 60. Print.
[4] Fishkin, Benjamin Hart, Adaku T.Ankumah, Festus Fru Ndeh, and Bill F. Ndi, ed."Towards a Paradigm of
[5] Memory in Literature." Introduction. Outward Evil Inward Battle: Human Memory in Literature. Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG, 2013.
xviii. Print
[6] Gallo, David. "Associations and Errors through History." Associative Illusions of Memory: False Memory
[7] Research in DRM and Related Tasks. Psychology Press: New York, 2006. 13. Print.
[8] Holman, Clarence Hugh, and William Harmon. A Handbook to Literature. 6 th ed. Macmillan, 1992 .Print. Oakes, Mark A., and Ira
E. Hyman, Jr. "The Changing Face of Memory and Self: False Memories, False Self." False-memory Creation in Children and
Adults:Theory, Research, and Implications. Ed. David F.
[9] Bjorklund. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 2009. 61 – 62. Print.
[10] Riggan, William. Picaros, Madmen, Naifs and Clowns: The Unreliable First Person Narrator. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press,
1981. 19-20. Print.
[11] Schacter, L.Daniel. The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002.
Print.
Web Sources:
[12] Barnes, Julian. Interview by Jeffrey Brown. "Conversation: Julian Barnes, Winner of the 2011 Man Booker Prize." PBS Newshour.
PBS, 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
[13] Rushdie, Salman. "Imaginary Homelands." London Review of Books 4.18 (1982): 18 -19. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
[14] Olson, Greta ."Reconsidering Unreliability: Fallible and Untrustworthy Narrators." Narrative 11.1 (2003): 93-109. JSTOR. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.

Abstract: God created man as his mirror reflection. He incorporated all his traits in the mind of man. The first man was the replica of God, who was ascertained with the power to rule the entire world.Love, passion, compassion, care, affection and relationship are the most beautiful traits that were sown in the human heart. These traits were so imbibed within human, that all these characteristic features were termed as humane. It this human nature that differed man from animal. Seeing the lonely state of man, god created woman-Eve, from his rib bone. Hence relationship was formed. Next to god it is literature that glorifies and comprehends the most amazing, intrinsic and complex nature of relationship. We have many great writers who have portrayed the astonishing power of literature in a picturesque manner. Isaac Bashevis Singer, Jewish American writer is one among them. Born in Poland he was the victim of holocaust. Singer's family has produced many great writers. This paper will concentrate three of his short stories Gimpel the Fool, One Day of Happiness, and Short Friday. These stories are the testimony of Singer's efficacy in presenting the complexity of relationship with an innate care of a writer .
Key words: love, man, relationship, woman, acceptance

Primary Source
[1] Gimpel the Fool and Other Stories 1957
[2] Short Friday and Other Stories 1964
Secondary Source
[1] Eppich, Linda Nielson. "Isaac Bashevis Singer's 'Short Friday': Semantic Parallels of Happily-Ever-Aftering." Studies in Short
Fiction 27.3 (Summer 1990): 357-363. Rpt. inShort Story Criticism. Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature
Resource Center. Web. 19 Dec. 2013
[2] Farrell, Grace. "Introduction." Critical Essays on Isaac Bashevis Singer. Ed. Grace Farrell. New York: G.K. Hall & Co., 1996. 1-26.
Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.
[3] Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 80. Detroit: Gale, 2005. From Literature Resource
Center.
[4] Sobeloff, Judy. "An overview of "Gimpel the Fool"." Short Stories for Students. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Literature Resource Center.
Web. 19 Dec. 2013.

Many Anglo-Indian household advice manuals and medical guides represent the Anglo-Indian children as prone often to tropical diseases and affected by the erratic Indian climatic conditions. Further, these prescriptive texts depict the contact with native servants as causing physical and moral degeneration of these children. They summarily suggest that children must be sent away to Britain at an early age so that they could be protected from threats posed by India. Britain turned into a site of redemption where these children can be cleansed of all impurities of India. However, published at the end of the British imperial rule in India, Christine Weston's literary representation of these children in her stories seems to be at odds with the popular British social and cultural perceptions of their life in India. The essay investigates her short stories and proposes that the representation of their childhood is contingent upon portraying India as a site of 'growing up'. This 'growing up' of the Anglo-Indian children constitutes escape, adventure, exploration, observation and inter-racial encounters. Locating her stories within the context of the days of the British Raj, the essay seeks to show that there is no monolithic discourse of the Anglo-Indian childhood.

[1] Buettner, Elizabeth. Empire Families: Britons and Late Imperial India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.
[2] Collingham, E.M. Imperial Bodies: The Physical Experiences of the Raj, c. 1800-1947. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.Print.
[3] Hull, E.C.P. Anglo-Indian's Vade-Mecum : Anglo-Indian Social Customs & Native Character. 3rd ed. London: C. Kegan Paul
&Co., 1878. Print.
[4] Hunt, Leigh S. and Alexander S.Kenny. Tropical Trials: A Handbook for Women in the Tropics. London: W.H. Allen & Co, 1883.
Web. Archive. 21 Apr. 2013.
[5] Margaret Macmillan. Women of the Raj. London: Thames and Hudson, 1988. Print.
[6] Nayar, Pramod K. Colonial Voices: The Discourses of Empire. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012. Weston, Christine. " Be Still, She Sleeps."
The New Yorker. 7 Oct. 1944. 23-24. Print.
[7] "When Bulgeria Fell." The New Yorker. 4 March 1944. 23-26. Print.
[8] ----. "The Mangoes are Gone." The New Yorker. 1 Jan. 1944. 19-21. Print.
[9] --- " The Atlas Moth." The New Yorker. 21 Jul. 1945. 17-20. Print.
[10] ---. "Infernal Little Beast." The New Yorker. 17 Nov. 1945. 30-32. Print.
[11] ---."The Mud Horse." Ed. Saros Cowasjee. The Oxford Anthology of Raj Stories. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998. 301-
306.Print.
[12] ---."The Devil Has the Moon." Ed. Saros Cowasjee. The Oxford Anthology of Raj Stories. New Delhi: Oxford University Press,
1998. 293-300. Print.
[13] ---."A Game of Halma." Ed. Saros Cowasjee. The Oxford Anthology of Raj Stories. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.
288-292. Print