iosr-jmca   Volume-7 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. - Aug. 2020

ABSTRACT: To accommodate the current huge demand for wireless services and the anticipated future growth, there is need to review the factors affecting wireless channel capacity and techniques that can improve capacities of wireless communications. The key resources of wireless communication are available bandwidth and signal power. But these resources are limited; which in turn limit the carrying capacity of wireless system. The major reasons for their limitations are government regulations of the transmission bandwidth and the low powered devices of wireless systems. The limited wireless resources have driven operators to seek for techniques that enhance channel capacity. But each technique or method adopted comes with its own challenges. In this paper, the limiting factors affecting wireless channel capacity are discussed. In addition, various techniques developed to enhance wireless system capacity and the limitations of each of these techniques are reviewed.

Key Words: Bandwidth, Power Limitation, Wireless Channel Capacity, Wireless Resources

[1]. Anritsu (2016). Ten 5G Challenges for Engineers to Overcome. Retrieved from http://pages.anritsu-emearesponse.com/rs/937-UWP-683/images/10-5G-challenges.pdf?mkt_tok=3RkMMJWWfF9wsRonvqvNZKXonjHpfsX66ugoXKKg38431UFwdcjKPmjr1YIFScN0aPyQAgobGp5I5FEBSbfYSbdwt6MFWA%3D%3D
[2]. Clarke , R. N. (2014). Expanding mobile wireless capacity: The challenges presented by technology and economics. Telecommunications Policy, 38(2014), 693–708. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596113001900
[3]. Robert, P. (2013). Mobile World Congress 2013: Coping with exploding data demand, March 14, 2013. Retrieved from https://blogs.cisco.com/news/mobile-world-congress-2013-coping-with-exploding-data-demand
[4]. Bernard, S. (1993). Defining, designing, and evaluating digital communication systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, November, 92-101. Retrieved from http://courses.washington.edu/ee506/handouts/sklar93.pdf
[5]. Kusuma, K. B. M. (2014). Challenging issues and limitations of mobile computing. COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology, 3(2), 554-560. Retrieved from https://ijact.in/index.php/ijact/article/viewFile/256/208.

ABSTRACT: The major threat to the software industry is counterfeiting/piracy issue, most especially in developing nations of the world. This paper is an attempt at identifying the reasons behind the high level of software piracy in the developing regions. Clear distinction is made with regard to free or open software and commercial software that users are expected to purchase with licenses. The process of piracy by crackers is illustrated. Research instruments (questionnaires) were administered among groups of software users in both academics and professional communities in Nigeria, as a case study with respect to grounds for piracy and how it should be addressed. Reasons were deduced from the result of the study and recommendations were made..

Key Words: Software Piracy, Developing Nations, Reasons, Recommendations

[1]. Adu, M.K., Alese, B.K., Adewale, O.S., and Adetunmbi, A.O. (2013), Design of Software Piracy Prevention Technique Using Mobile Agent Messaging Call, Annals Computer Science Series Journal, University of Timisoara, Romania.Pp 105-109, Vol XI.Available at Http://Anale-Informatica.tibiscus.ro/download/lucrari/11-14-Adu.Pdf.
[2]. Adu, M.K., Alese, B.K., Adewale, O.S., and Adetunmbi, A.O. (2013), Protecting legitimate Software Users' Interest in Designing a Piracy Prevention Technique on Computer Network, IISTE Journal on Network and Complex Systems Pp. 11-16, Vol. 3. No 5.
[3]. Andrés, A. R. (2006b), Software piracy and income inequality, Applied Economics Letters, 13(2), 101-105.
[4]. Andrés, A. R., &Goel, R. K. (2011). Corruption and Software Piracy: A Comparative Perspective. Policy & Internet, 3(3), 1-22.
[5]. Bamfield, J. (2004), Shrinkage, Shoplifting and the Cost of Retail Crime In Europe. A Cross Sectional Analysis of Major Retailers in 16 European Countries, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol.32 Nos 4/5, Pp. 235-241.

ABSTRACT: In view of the fact that all kinds of data in volleyball match and the difficulty of statistics increase, it is supposed to develop a visualized software system that can accurately and synchronize statistics and analysis in real-time volleyball match. The use of computer software development environment, with visual and accurate synchronization as the standard, characteristics and low cost and strong compatibility, the visualization software can provide a comprehensive data for the game game management personnel, scientific research personnel, in order to enable coaches timely adjustment of strategy and tactics in the game, and to provide scientific reference after the scientific training team.

Key Words: Visual software; volleyball match; competition statistics

[1]. An Qi, Wu Guo-ying. Journal of Chinese characters, palm computer game in the statistical techniques in Volleyball in the application of [J]. Capital Institute of Physical Education ,1994,pp.67-70.
[2]. Wang Luning, Chen Gui-hong. The application of computer in volleyball match on the development of [J]. Chinese sports science and technology, 1999,pp.30-32.
[3]. Ming-xuan. application of high-tech in volleyball match [J]. China volleyball, 1996,pp.33-34.
[4]. Ji He-jiang. Journal of research on Volleyball technical statistics, competition computer management [J]. Shenyang Institute, 2000,pp.35-37.
[5]. Cheng Li. Hi tech software to support the [J]. China volleyball training and competition,2002,pp.35-36.

ABSTRACT: Graduating students are given stipend generously in Saudi Arabia. This research was conducted as it is observed that most of college students received a monthly stipend but had no money in their bank accounts. Most of the students in the Eastern Province don't pay heavy tuition fees, semester fees, examinations fees, for hostel accommodation etc., for completing their Degree. They spend more than what they have receivedfrom college and had no idea about savings.Why students both male and female tend to over spend was a pertinent question. It was decided to identify the root cause and problems in handling stipend money by Business administration (Management)....

Key Words: Graduate Spending Pattern, Savings

[1]. College Students are Spending Their Money Smartly | Money. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://time.com/money/4253070/college-student-money-management-sallie-mae/
[2]. How College Students Spend and Save Money! (2013, January 30). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://blog.flywire.com/2013/01/30/infographic-how-college-students-spend-and-save-money/
[3]. Jake Butler in Student Budgeting Updated 26 September 2017 Tweet. (2017, September 26). What do students spend their money on? Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.savethestudent.org/money/student-budgeting/what-do-students-spend-their-money-on.html
[4]. O. (2011, September 14). How College Students Are Spending Their Money. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from http://www.businessinsider.com/how-college-students-are-spending-their-money-2011-8
[5]. Top 5 Things College Students Spend Their Money On. (2017, August 27). Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/the-top-5-things-college-students-spend-their-money-on

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to examine how social networking can influence political awareness. The review of background further depicts that body of literature require focusing upon the fact that social media plays an immeasurable role in bring political awareness in public. The study aspires to evaluate and examine the role of social media networking in bringing political awareness among people. In order to study and explore this issue, researcher has gathered fresh research information. For this study, researcher has selected 6 social media users based in United Kingdom (UK). It can be further explained that the new worldview of online networking has contemporarily filled in as an essential medium of progress and improvement for individuals. Evidently, online networking apparatus.....

[1]. Bonilla, Y., & Rosa, J. (2015). # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17.
[2]. Boulianne, S. (2016). Online news, civic awareness, and engagement in civic and political life. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1840-1856.
[3]. Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2016). Tipping the Balance of Power Social Media and the Transformation of Political Journalism. The Routledge companion to social media and politics, 89-103.
[4]. Chadwick, A. (2017). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford University Press.
[5]. Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 317-332.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to 1) describe the conditions and potential of English language learning media development based android, 2) Describe English learning media based android, 3) analyze the effectiveness of English learning applications based android; 4) analyze efficiency; 5) analyze the attractiveness of English instructional media through an android application. This research used the design of Research and Development by Borg and Gall consisting of 10 steps, but in this research only consists of 7 steps, that were: research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, operational....

[1]. Alimudin, A., & Faizal, A. (2016).Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Interaktif Narrative Text & Storytelling Bahasa Inggris.Nusantara Journal of Computers and its Applications, 1(1).
[2]. Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alias, N., Othman, M. S., Alzahrani, A. I., Alfarraj, O., Saged, A. A., & Rahman, N. S. A. (2018). Use of E-Learning by University Students in Malaysian Higher Educational Institutions: A Case in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. IEEE Access, 6, 14268-14276.
[3]. Anam, C., & Hakim, L. (2017).Pengembangan Mobile Learning Berbasis Android Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Materi Akuntansi Kas.Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi (JPAK), 5(3).
[4]. Arif Akbarul Huda, (2013), 24 Jam Pintar Pemrograman Android, Yogyakarta : ANDI.
[5]. Astra, I. M., Nasbey, H., & Nugraha, A. (2015).Development of an android application in the form of a simulation lab as learning media for senior high school students.Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11(5), 1081-1088.

ABSTRACT: It Is Based On Automatic Toll Collection Sysyem Wherein User Doesnot Have To Pay Toll By Cash, User Has To Purchase Etc Tag From Designated Counters And Get It Fixed On Vehicle, Tag Will Act Like A Prepaid Card Wherein User Has To Recharge The Same To Ensure Sufficient Balance, As And When Vehicle Passes Through The Etc Lane On Toll Plazas, The Balance Will Be Automatically Deducted From Card And User Need Not To Stop His Vehicle Since After Deduction Of Money From Certain Length,The Traffic Barrier Will Automatically Open Thus Allowing User To Avoid Waiting In Long Queus Which In Turn Saves The Fuel As Well As Time Of User

Keywords: Rfid,Etc Tag, Toll Collection,Fuel

[1]. TIMES OF INDIA NEWSPAPER
[2]. PRESS Information Bureau dated 31st oct 2014
[3]. WIKIPEDIA
[4]. IOSR.

ABSTRACT: This work develops a system using a simulation platform (openWNS) for performance evaluation and comparison of the frequency re-use in both sectored cluster and non-sectored cluster in cellular networks. The Signal to Noise ratio in a sectored cluster is compared to a non-sectored cluster.The number of handoffs that occurs when a communication is on, was also tested in the simulation environment in both sectored cluster and non-sectored cluster. In any radio network, the number of simultaneous calls that may occur is governed largely by the available frequency spectrum and the number of channels that can be supported by the available bandwidth..

Key Words: Frequency re-use, sectored cluster, non-sectored cluster

[1]. Ahaneku M.A and Chijindu V.C (2013) Frequency re-use and the implications of limited network resources in cellular mobile systems. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ISSN: 2315-5124) Vol. 2(6) pp. 167-172, July, 2013. Available online http://garj.org/garjeti/index.htm
[2]. ShompaSharminSultana ,FarhanaAfroz and A.K.M. FazlulHaque (2015) Analysis On Fractional Frequency Reuse Factor Over Traditional Frequency Reuse Factor In Cellular System. International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 7, No. 5, October 2015 DOI : 10.5121/ijwmn.2015.7506 77
[3]. L. Fang and X. Zhang, "Optimal fractional frequency reuse in OFDMA based wireless networks," in Proc. Intl. Conf. on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Crete Island, Greece, October 2008, pp. 1–4.
[4]. Hossein Fotouhi, Marco Zúñiga, Mário Alves, AnisKoubâa, and Pedro Marrón(2012) Smart-HOP: A Reliable Handoff Mechanism for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
[5]. SayawuYakubuDiaba, Nusenu Yaw Shaddrack, TheophilusAnafo, Maxwell Cobbah(2015). Evaluating the Effect of FIFO Queuing Scheme on Originating and Handoff Calls in Cellular Networks.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 7, July 2015ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 ISSN (Print) 2319 5940