iosr-JMCE   International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology – 2014 (ICAET-2014)

Abstract: In the present study energy conservation in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system is achieved with HACS (Hybrid Air Conditioning System). Energy conservation in HVAC system is very important because of the sharp rise in fuel prices and fuel shortage. HACS is a combination of Vapor Compression System (VCS) and Liquid Desiccant (LD) System. The system can be energy efficient and environment friendly. Considerable attention has been achieved due to its inherent ability to use low grade thermal energy and reduce the cooling load. The present system has the ability to provide the required humidity and temperature for human comfort by consuming less electrical energy as compared to VCS alone. A 1 TR HACS with R22 refrigerant and calcium chloride LD was designed, fabricated and tested. This paper presents the design , fabrication and testing of an improved solution heat exchanger incorporated between the absorber and the regenerator of HACS , working with R22 refrigerant and calcium chloride LD. The simulation parameters and the experimental results with solution heat exchanger are compared.

[1] ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (1997) American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, pp 21.1-21.5, Atlanta, USA [2] ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook (1996) American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, pp 43.1-43.6, Atlanta, USA [3] M.V.Rane, S.V.Kota Reddy, J.S.Bajaj (Sept.2002) Cooling & Dehumidification using Liquid Desiccant, Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, Shanghai, pp 414-418. [4] Rane M.V and Reddy, SVK (2001) Solar Regenerated Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier System, Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Air conditioning and Refrigeration, New Delhi, India, pp 138-144

Abstract:This paper presents the prototype implementation of a real-time bus arrival information system. The system focuses upon real-time bus operations information which includes the current location and estimated arrival time at the next stop, and distributes this information to the public in an effort to reduce passenger waiting time. Vehicle-mounted units and bus station units comprise the system. The vehicle unit reports the current position of the vehicle to the bus station unit and this information is displayed to passengers at the stop using station units. The prototype is implemented using ATmega8 microcontroller and GSM module, and tested in a campus environment with two wheelers emulating buses.

[1] C. Gaurav, N. Gajra, Real Time Bus monitoring and Passenger Information system,International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-6, January 2012 [2] Peggy L. NguetseJongo, Marek Meyer, Ralf Steinmetz, Overview of Mobile Passenger Information Systems in Public Transportation, no. KOM-TR-2010-02, July 2010 [3] A. Monzon, S. Hernandez and R.Cascajo, Real Time Passenger Information Systems and Quality of Bus Services, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference "Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication, Lomonosova 1, LV-1019, Riga, Latvia [4]Swati Chandurkar, SnehaMugade,Sanjana Sinha, MegharaniMisal andPoojaBorekar, Implementation of Real Time Bus Monitoring and Passenger Information System, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013 [5] K. Ganesh, M.Thrivikraman, K. Joy and G. Sudhakar, Implementation of Real Time passenger Information System, International Journal of Engineering Science and Management

Abstract: In this paper, a simple 3D finite element model was developed to predict the thermal conductivity of polyester composite filled with micro-sized rice husk particle which is biodegradable and good potential of natural reinforcement element. In 3D finite element model with different size and shape of particle like sphere-in-cube and cubes-in-cube lattice array models are constructed for simulation and estimation of effective thermal conductivity (Keff) of polyester composite with rice husk filler concentration varies about 1 to 11%. Finally, the simulation is compared with measured effective thermal conductivity value obtained from other established correlation such as Rule of Mixture, Maxwell models and Russell model. The simulated Keff by ANSYS software showed good agreement with the experiment data. It is further seen that the use of different meshing model for numerical simulation to predicted Keff. The effective thermal conductivity of polyester composite decreases as increases filler concentration.

[1] H.E Haxo, P.K. Mehta,Ground rice hull ash as filler for rubber, Rubber Chem. Technol. 48 , 1975, 271–88. [2] P.M. Stefani, J. Jime´mez, Thermal Degradation of Rice Husk and Other Biomass Materials, International Perspectives on Chemistry and Biochemistry Research, Nova Sci. Pubs.(2005) [3] H.S. Yang, H.J. Kim, J. Son, H.J. Park, B.J. Lee, T.S. Hwang, Rice husk flour filled polypropylene composites, Mechanical and Morphological Study, Composite Structures, 63, 2004, 305- 12.

Abstract: The principle objective of this project is to remove the moisture present in the compressed air provided to the machineries in the textile industries. The compressed air provided for proper working of machineries in the textile industries consist of a small amount of moisture which is not possible to remove by centralized refrigerated dryer. This moisture afterward resulting in problems like internal corrosion, pressure fluctuation. This project is capable to remove all moisture particles and provide dry compressed air with in technical and non-expensive manner by replacing expensive air dryer. This project based on the principal that heavy moisture particle settle down and dry air light weight particle scattered in air, when compressed air strikes on stainless steel scrubbers.

[1]Research paper on Compressed air system , by A. Bhatia [2] Basics of Air dryer by Cal Supply Company, Inc. [3]Manufactured housing and standards division and the national conference of states on building codes and standards. 1998. The essentials of moisture control through a building envelope. Washington, d.c.: u.s. Department of housing and urban development . [4]http://www.Howstuffworks.com/compressor [5]Morarjee Textile Ltd.

Abstract:There are many sensor based techniques available in the market to measure the liquid level and gives you a close idea of quantity of the liquid, however can provide you an exact approximation of quantity as in cars by fuel meters by which we can get an idea of whether tank is full, half full or empty etc. The liquid level detector and optimizer play an important role in tanks to indicate the level of liquid of a particular density. In this paperwe have proposed a technique to measure the amount of liquid available in tank also give the knowledge about their chemical composition as well as purity level of fuel & it is the first device which can give the accurate knowledge about of how much the vehicle can run. This device digitally displays the level of liquid inside the tank, fuel composition & running capability of vehicle by using load sensors. The measurements are taken so the accuracy level is of 95% - 98%. Thus it is an efficient device made by keeping in mind the petroleum thefts at the various petrol pumps at the time of filling of tanks.

[1] http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-fuel-gauge.htm. [2]Ti-Ho Wanga, Ming-Chih Lua and Chen-Chien Hsu, 2009. "Liquid-level measurement using a single digital camera", Elsevier, Measurement, 42(4): 604-610.
[3] http://www.proton.com.sg/img/preve_if_01.jpg. [4] Stephen A. Dyer, 2001. "Survey of Instrumentaion and Measurement", Wieley Interscience. [5] Atkinson, S F and Halvorsen, R., A new hedonic technique for estimating attribute demand an application to the demand for automobile fuel efficiency, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 66 (1984), 417-26.
[6]http://www.activesensors.com/products/speed-sensor. [7] Betta, G., A. Pietrosanto and A. Scaglione," 1996. A digital liquid level transducer based on opticalfiber", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 45: 551-555.

Abstract:Emphasizing the importance of non renewable energy sources, solar energy will be the major primary source of energy which will satisfy our needs for the coming years ahead. So, there needs the requirement of enhancing the utilization of solar energy with maximum possible efficiency. "Mechanical Solar Tracking System" is developed to fulfill the purpose. Gear train operating system with the help of potential load is employed to rotate the solar concentrator with the movement of the sun. The comparison between the "Mechanical Solar Tracking System" and "Electro-Mechanical Solar Tracking System" shows that it consumes zero energy from the produced energy and thereby, increasing the overall efficiency by 5 to 8%. It can be concluded that "Mechanical Solar Tracking System" is more efficient than "Electro-Mechanical Solar Tracking System". "Mechanical Solar Tracking System" can be cheaper, require unskilled worker, easy to maintain and can be placed at hilly areas, remote or dusty or rainy place to develop electrical energy or to produce heat energy for different applications.

Partian, L.D., Solar Cells and their applications (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995). Fahrenburch, A. and Bube, R., Fundamentals of Solar Cells (Academic Press, New York, 1983) Journal Papers: E Weise, R Klockner, R Kniel, Ma Sheng Hong, Qin Jian Ping, "Remote Power Supply using Wind and Solar energy- a Sino-German Technical Cooperation Project", Beijing International Conference on Wind Energy, Beijing 1995. Duryea S, Syed I, Lawrence W, An Automated Battery Management System for Photovoltaic Systems, International Journal of Renewable Energy Engineering, Vol 1, No 2, Aug 1999

Abstract: A column-type micro thermoelectric cooler is being made using p-type Sb2Te3 and n-type Bi2Te3 films (approximately 4 μm thick). The films are grown by thermal co-evaporation and patterned on Cr/Au/Ti/Pt. (hot) connectors, which are deposited onto a silicon dioxide coated wafer. The column height is limited by control of the Te deposition rate. Our aim is to introduce the new HVAC system using thermoelectric couple which shall overcome all the disadvantages of existing HVAC system. If this system comes in present HVAC system, then revolution will occur in the automotive as well as domestic HVAC system. So, our group has been trying to overcome these demerits by replacing the existing HVAC system by newly emerging thermoelectric couple or cooler which works on peltier and seebeck effect.

Dwiggins, B. H. (2001). Automotive air conditioning. Singapore, Thomson Delmar learning. 6th edition. (1-242) Erjavec, J. (2004). Automotive technology. Singapore, Thomson Delmar learning. 3rd edition. (1225-1260) Hugh, D. & Roger, A. ( 2010). Sears &Zemansky's university physics. Bangalore, Pearson education Inc. 12th edition (675-690) Verma, H.C.(2009). Concept of physics part 2. New delhi, Bhartibhavan. 6th edition (207-210 & 397-409) Crouse, H. &Anglin, D. (2009). Automotive Mechanics. New delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill education. 10th edition (766-799) Singh, K.(2009). Automobile engineering Vol-1. Delhi, Standard publishers. (387-397) Narang, G. (2005). Automobile engineering . Delhi, Khanna publishers. ( 380-387)

Abstract: Steering knuckle is one of important component of vehicle which is connected to steering, suspension and brake to chassis of vehicle. It undergoes different loading under different conditions. In this paper we have done static analysis of steering knuckle. We have design a knuckle which accommodates dual caliper mountings for increasing braking efficiency & reducing a stopping distance of a vehicle. CAD modal of knuckle was prepared in CREO2.0. Static analysis was done in ANSYS WORKBENCH by constraining the knuckle, applying loads of braking torque on caliper mounting, longitudinal reaction due to traction, vertical reaction due to vehicle weight and steering reaction. Also, reducing the weight of vehicle component plays vital role in increasing efficiency of vehicle and reducing fuel consumption. In this paper we have also done shape optimization of same knuckle and saved material resource. Shape optimization of knuckle was done using ANSYS WORKBENCH making objective function as reducing weight. These FEA results are verified by comparing with analytical calculations. Considering these results modal is modified

[1] Rao, S.S., Engineering Optimization Theory and Practice( John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009, 4th edition). [2] Wan Mansor Wan Muhamad, Endra Sujatmika, Hisham Hamid, & Faris Tarlochan,' Design improvement of steering knuckle using shape optimization' 2012. [3] Thomas D. Gillespie, Fundamental of vehicle dynamics (society of automotive engineers)

Abstract: In this research paper, we are focusing on automobile thief evidence giving and recovery of stolen vehicles. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce new system i.e. automatic thief evidence giving system in automobile. In this system we are using IR (Infrared) pair. Transmitter of IR pair is placed at driver's seat and receiver is placed on speedometer in such a way that they will correspond to each other. Whenever person sits on driving seat and starts the car, power supply automatically will get to the circuit mounted inside the car and circuit gets started. As circuit is on, light emitted by transmitter will not be received by receiver mounted in circuit on speedometer, as the person is sitting on driving seat, therefore it creates barrier between transmitter and receiver.

http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=LM324
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/l293d-motor-driver-ic
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/7805-voltage-regulator-ic

Abstract: ISF (incremental sheet metal forming) is a technique which uses CNC tools to form sheet metals. The method is not applicable for mass production but found to be very useful in small batch quality production. The study includes fundamentals of incremental sheet metal forming, classifications, tools used and effect of various parameters such as plane anisotropy, tool size and shape, lubrication on it. The study also includes the advance methods incorporated in ISF such as doubly curved surfaces, Hybrid forming etc, their advantages and limitations.

[1] Jong Jin Park, Yung-Ho Kim, Fundamental studies on the incremental sheet metal forming technique, Journal of material processing technology 140 (2003) 447-453 [2] Y. H Kim, J. J. Park, Effect of process parameters on formability in incremental sheet metal forming, Journal of material processing technology 130-131 (2002) 42-46 [3] J. Kopac, Z. Kampus, Incremental sheet metal forming on CNC milling machine tool, Journal of material processing technology 162-163 (2005) 622-628 [4] Zemin Fu, Jianhua Mo, Pan Gong, Mould correction for sheet metal multi step incremental air bending forming based of close loop control and FEM simulation, International Journal of Material Science, 51 (2009) 732-740 [5] H. Meier (2), C. Magnus, V. Smukala, Impact of superimposed pressure on dieless incremental sheet metal sheet metal forming with two moving tools, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing technology 60 (2011) 327-330

Abstract: Maintenance is the keyword in today's corporate strategy for survival in the global market. With a scheduled and cost-effective maintenance of the facility an organization can ensure its competitive edge in the market. Keeping this in mind a study is performed at the Diesel Loco Shed situated at Motibagh, Nagpur, Maharashtra, of the Indian Railway. This shed is responsible for the maintenance of the Diesel Locomotive for the ZDM line. Presently there are 46 locos are maintained. From the field survey ongoing maintenance schedule is obtained. The maintenance schedule is six parts program comprising of Trip, Fortnightly, Monthly, Quarterly,

[1] N. Cotaina1 J.Carretero2 Elta (2000) "Study of reliability centered maintenance (RCM) Approaches used in different industries." Faculty of Informatics, Madrid. [2] Rodrigo D.Q.S1, Alberto J.A.2 (2008)"FMEA & FTA analysis for application of the reliability centered maintenance Methodology- A case study on Hydraulic Turbines." ABCM Symposium series in Mechatronics, Volume 3 Pg No. 803-812. [3] Ribrant J. "Reliability performance & maintenance Survey of failures in wind power system." Master thesis of KTH School of electrical organizing. 2005-06

Abstract: In this research paper , collected data from various tractor OEM, Tractor Dealers , tractor owners, farmers, Agricultural industries regarding Engine , Transmission, mounting, accessories , aggregates, load/pulling capacity and requirement of Brake system by application of QFD is designed to help planners focus on characteristics of a new or existing product or service from the viewpoints of market segments, company, or technology-development needs. The technique are analyzed into yields charts and matrices. This database from collection helps transform customer needs (the voice of the customer [VOC]) into engineering characteristics (and appropriate methods like Kano Model) for a the development of Tractor Brake system characteristic while simultaneously setting development targets for Advancement in Brakes & Service

Adler, M., and E. Ziglio, eds. 1996. Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi Method and its Application to Social Policy and Public Health. London, U.K.: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ashby, K., and L. Day. 1995. Tractor injuries. In Hazard, 24. Melbourne, Australia: Monash University Accident Research Centre. Boyle, S., ed. 2001. Talking Tractors II. Perth, Australia: The Kondinin Group. Brison, R., W. Pickett, L. Hartling, and R. Matys. 1998. Fatal Farm Injuries in Canada, 1990-1996. Kingston, Ontario: Canadian Agricultural Injury Surveillance Program. Clarke, L., and R. Coleman. 1995. Profile of farm health and safety: A report to Farmsafe. Moree, Australia: Australian Agricultural Health Unit.

Abstract: Magneto-rheological (MR) fluids are a class of controllable fluid that responds to an applied magnetic field with a change in rheological behavior. Interest in MR fluids derives from their ability to provide simple, quiet, rapid-response interfaces between mechanical systems and electronic controls. These fluids have important applications in the field of damping systems. In order to control an MR damper, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the behavior of the MR fluid which can be achieved by conducting experiments and prepare a database which can help in predicting the response of MR fluid under any given conditions. This paper introduces a method to conduct such experiments. By these experiments all the parameters which do not appear in the idealized model can be studied and a comprehensive model can be developed.

1. Mark R. Jolly, Jonathan W. Bender, and J. David Carlson, Properties and Applications of Commercial Magnetorheological Fluids" SPIE 5th Annual Int. Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials,San Diego, CA, 15 March, 1998 2. Carlson, J.D. and Spencer Jr., B.F. (1996). "Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dampers for Semi-Active Seismic Control", Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Motion and Vibration. Control, Vol.3, pp.35-40 3. Fernando D. Goncalves, "Dynamic Analysis of Semi-Active Control Techniques for Vehicle Applications". Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VirginiaAugust 2001 4. Shiviram AC, K V Gangadharan, "Design and Characterization of an MR device Subjected to annular Poiseuille flow", of Master of Technology thesis, NITK Surathkal 2006

Abstract: In the last few years the demand for fresh water has increased tremendously all over the world. The future demand will be very high and the fresh water resources are getting depleted at a faster rate. We need to depend on the saline water resources for meeting the fresh water demand. One best option is to use solar energy for water distillation. Distillation has long been considered a way of making water drinkable and purifying water in remote location. for ninety seven percent of the earth's mass lies in the oceans, of the remaining 3%,is brackish, 0.5% as fresh water as result many people do not access to adequate and inexpensive supplies of portable water this leads to population concentration around existing water supplies, marginal health condition and generally allow standard of living.

[1] Bhanu Pratap Singh., "Performance Evaluation of a Integrated Single Slope Solar Still With Solar Water Heater", MIT International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2011, pp 68-71 ISSN No, 2230-7699. [2] Ahmed Z. Al-Garni, "Productivity Enhancement of Solar Still Using Water Heater and Cooling Fan", Solar Energy Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING, AUGUST 2012, Vol. 134.

Abstract: Desalination involves any process in which dissolved minerals are removed from saline or brackish water. This paper evaluates the characteristics for several layouts for the humidification dehumidification desalination process. Paper gives bird-eye view to Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH) process by comparing various authors' works. Paper provides necessary schematic figures, graphs between affecting operational and environmental parameters and tables wherever required. All vital components in the system were discussed in detail. In this paper, mathematical model, simulation and experimental work is reviewed .Further results, future scope & how to improve HDH process is mentioned in the paper.

[1] Edward K. Summers, John H. Lienhard , Syed M. Zubair, ―Air-Heating Solar Collectors for Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Systems‖ ,DOI: 10.1115/1.4003295. [2] HishamEttouney, ―Design & Analysis of humidification dehumidification desalination process‖ Desalination 183(2005)341-352 received 7 feb 2005; accepted 15 march 2005. [3] Y.J. Dai, R.Z. Wang, H.F. Zhangb ―Parametric analysis to improve the performance of a solar desalination unit with humidification and dehumidification ‖ Desalination 142 (2002) 107-l 18, Received 26 April 200 1; accepted 28 May 2001. [4] Guofeng Yuan, Zhifeng Wang, Hongyong Li , Xing Li, ―Experimental study of a solar desalination system based on humidification–dehumidification process‖ ,Desalination 277 (2011) 92–98. [5] CemilYamale, Ismail Solmusf ―A solar desalination system using humidification–dehumidification process: experimental study andcomparison with the theoretical results‖ Desalination 220 (2008) 538–551,Received 14 December 2006; accepted 3 January 2007. [6] Anil Kr Tiwari, TaranjeetSachdev, ― Conceptual Analysis of Desalination System working on Humidify and Dehumidify technique using Solar Air Heater‖, International Conference on Mechanical and Robotics Engineering (ICMRE'2012) May 26-27, 2012 Phuket. [7] J. Orfi, M. Laplante, H. Marmouch, N. Galanis, B. Benhamou, S. Ben Nasrallah, C.T. Nguyen, ―Experimental and theoretical study of a humidification dehumidification water desalination system using solar energy‖, Desalination 168 (2004) 151-159, Received 16 February 2004; accepted 25 February 2004.

Abstract: Autonomous navigation of mobile robots is an area that has witnessed a lot of research activity in the recent years due to its increasing applications. Several approaches have been proposed for the navigation of mobile robots. This review paper describes the various developments and techniques that have been applied for navigation of robots in dynamic environments with special focus on the soft computing approaches.

Engedy, I., Horvath, G., Artificial Neural Network Based Mobile Robot Navigation. Budapest, Hungary, International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009, 241 – 246. Singh, M.K., Parhi, D.R., Intelligent Neuro-Controller for Navigation of Mobile Robot,Proceedings of the International Conf. on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control ,2009. Jolly, K.G., Sreerama Kumar, R., Vijaya Kumar, R., Intelligent task planning and action selection of a Mobile Robot in a Multi-agent system through a Fuzzy-Neural Network Approach. Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2010, 923–933. A. Saffiotti, The Uses of Fuzzy Logic in Autonomous Robot Navigation: a Catalogue Raisonne, Soft Computing, 1997, 180-197. M. Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1996).

Abstract: This paper shows the substitution of R134a with R436A in domestic refrigerator without any modification in refrigeration cycle. Results show that in comparison to the base refrigerator working with R134a, the ON time ratio and energy consumption per day were reduced by 12% and 5% respectively. The charge amount of refrigerant used in this system is reduced as compared to R134a hence increase in COP and energy efficiency index of refrigerator. Main purpose of this refrigeration system is to reduce the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and maintaining Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) as zero.

[1] Ching-Song Jwo, Chen-Ching Ting, Wei- Ru Wang, Efficiency analysis of home refrigerators by replacing hydrocarbon refrigerants, Measurement 42(2009) 697-701. [2] M.A. Sattar, R. Saidur, H.H. Masjuki, Performance investigation of domestic refrigerator using pure hydrocarbons and blends of hydrocarbons as refrigerants, World Academy of Science, Engg. And Technology 29 2007. [3] M. Rasti, M.S. Hatamipour, S.F. Aghamiri, M, Tavakoli, Enhancement of domestic refrigerator energy efficiency index using a hydrocarbon mixture refrigerant, Measurement 45(2012) 1807-1813.