Abstract: Throughout the pandemic, healthcare professionals (HCPs) around the world encountered numerous
challenges (Das et al., 2025), highlighting the vulnerability of health systems globally and underscoring the urgent
need to address systemic barriers to health care. This global crisis brought renewed attention to longstanding
inequities in access to health care services, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries like Bangladesh.
Barriers to health care remain a critical issue in Bangladesh, where millions of peoples particularly those
from rural (Hamiduzzaman et al., 2022) and marginalized communities (Puja et al., 2024) struggle to access
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