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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Slip Points and Absorbance of Tenera and Dura Palm Oil Blends with Coconut Oil |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Okon D. Ekpa, Ibanga O. Isaac |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09120108  |
Abstract: The slip points and absorbance of tenera, dura palm oils and coconut oil as well as the blends of the two varieties of palm oil with coconut oil have been determined. The result of the study show that slip point decreased with increase coconut oil concentration for both unexposed tenera and dura oil blends, while increased in slip point with increase in coconut oil concentration were observed for the exposed tenera and dura oil blend samples. The slip point of unexposed tenera and dura palm oils were greater than the slip point of coconut oil.
[1] Akpanabiatu, M. I., Ekpa, O. D., Mauro, A. and Rizzo, R. Nutrient composition of Nigerian palm kernel from the dura and tenera varieties of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Food Chemistry, 72, 2001, 173 – 177.
[2] Ekpa, O. D. Bio – inorganic constituents and possible uses of the female inflorescence of the oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis). West African Journal of Biological and Applied Chemistry, 40 (1 – 4), 1995, 13 - 18.
[3] Abayeh, O. J., Aina, E. A. and Okuonghae, C. O.. Oil content and oil quality characteristics of some Nigerian oil seeds. Journal of Pure and Applied Science. 1 (1), 1998, 17 – 23.
[4] Robbelen, G., Downey, R. K. and Amram, A oil crops of the world – their breeding and utilization. (McGraw – Hill Publishing Co., New York, 1989).
[5] Ekpa, O. D., Akpanabiatu, M. I., Amelio, M. and Rizzo, R. A comparative study of palm oils from plantations in south – eastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 7(1), 2001, 61 – 65.
[6] Manorama, R. and Rukmini, C. Effect of processing on beta – carotene retention in crude palm oil and its products. Food Chemistry. 42 (3), 1991, 253 – 264.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Saliva as a diagnostic tool: a review |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.Suhail majid, Dr. Munaza shafi |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09120914 |
Abstract: Saliva has been described as the mirror of the body. In a world of soaring healthcare costs and an environment where rapid diagnosis may be critical to a positive patient outcome, saliva is emerging as a viable alternative to blood sampling. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum because it can be collected non-invasively by individuals with modest training.Furthermore; saliva may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. In the field of periodontology, traditional clinical criteria are often insufficient for determining sites of active disease, for monitoring the response to therapy, or for measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression. Saliva, as a mirror of oral and systemic health, is a valuable source for clinically relevant information because it contains biomarkers specific for the unique physiologic aspects of periodontal diseases as well as systemic diseases. This review highlights the various potentials of saliva as a diagnostic biomarker for oral and systemic diseases.
Keywords: Biomarkers, Saliva, diagnosis
[1]. The American Academy of Periodontology. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease (position paper).Journal of Periodontology 1999;70:457- 70.
[2]. Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Systemic effects of periodontitis: Epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Periodontology 2005;76:2089-2100.
[3]. Streckfus C, Bigler L, Tucci M, Thigpen JT. A preliminary study of CA15-3, cerbB-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cathepsin-D, and p53 in saliva among women with breast carcinoma. Cancer Investigation 2000;18:101-09.
[4]. Li Y, St John MA, Zhou X, Kim Y, Sinha U, Jordan RCK, et al. Salivary transcriptome diagnostics for oral cancer detection.Clinical Cancer Research 2004;10: 8442-50.
[5]. Bratthall D, Hansel Petersson G. Cariogram – a multifactorial risk assessment model for a multifactorial disease. Community Dental and Oral Epidemiology 2005;33:256-64.
[6]. Hu S, Zhou M, Jiang J, Wang J, Elashoff D, Gorr S, et al. Systems biology analysis of Sjogren's syndrome and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in parotid glands. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2009;60:81-92.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Laboratory-based Evaluation of The Potential of Beauveria bassiana Crude Metabolites for Mosquito Larvae Annihilation |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Bezalwar PM*1, Gomashe AV, Gulhane PA |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09121520 |
Abstract: Malaria is a disease of concern with respect to morbidity and mortality. Intent of the study is to use the metabolite of Beauveria bassiana to control the survival of larvae of malarial parasite. For Dichloromethane extract, 20%, 20%, 60% and 100% larval death occurs after one and half hour for the extract 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 22.5 mg and 30 mg respectively whereas, for Chloroform extract 40%, 60% and 100% larval death occurs after one and half hour for 7.5 mg, 15 mg and 30 mg extract respectively. Dichloromethane and Chloroform extract of Beauveria bassiana showed potential anti-larval activity.
Key Words: Malaria parasite, Larvae, Beauveria bassiana, Dichloromethane, Chloroform
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[3]. J. G. Breman, The ears of the hippopotamus: manifestations, determinants and estimation of the malaria burden. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 (Suppl 1). 2001, 1-11.
[4]. A. Kumar, N. Valecha, T. Jain, A. Dash, Burden of Malaria in India: Retrospective and prospective view. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 77(6), 2007, 69-78.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Extraction and quantitative estimation of nucleic acids and proteins from liver tissue of Heterpneustus fossilis (fish) and Caprine barbari (goat) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.Pal*, V.K. Sharma** & N. Khurana |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09122133 |
Abstract: 2gms of liver tissue was collected from Heteropneustus fossilis (fish) and Caprine barbari (goat) for extraction and estimation of DNA, RNA and proteins. Nucleoproteins are soluble in solution of high ionic strength but insoluble in solution of low ionic strength. This property was used for extraction and estimation of DNA by diphenylamine. RNA was extracted by trichloroacetic acid and quantitative estimation was made using oriconol reagent. Total proteins were extracted and estimated by biuret method
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[3]. Black, C.C.F. and Johnson, L.N.(1984). Protein structure. Trends Biochem. Sci. 9: 147-151.
[4]. Chetokov,V.V., Laptev A.V., Danilina E. and Shishkin S.S. (1986). Isolation of phenylalanine hydroxylase inactive protein from human liver. Inst. Med.Genet. Acad. Med. Sci USSR. Moscow USSR. Biokhimiya 51 (7) : 1210-1215. (In Russ with Russ and Engl. Summ.)
[5]. Devlin, T.M.(2006) Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlation. A wiley medical publication. Jhonwiley and sons. New York/Chichester/Brisbane/Toranto/Singapore.p 26-72
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Biochemical estimation of some metabolites and enzymes from biodiesel plantPongamiapinnata(L.) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Richa Choudhary, Sanjay Kumar |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09122428 |
Abstract: The present study was conducted for estimation of metabolites and enzymes of Pongamiapinnata abiodiesel plant of great economic importance.The hypertrophy and hyperplasia of plant tissues result in theformation of galls in some plants.Pongamiapinnata has Leaves galls induced by Aceriapongamiae.Bio-chemical analysis revealed hyperauxiny and hypoindole 3 acetic acid oxidase activity in the gall tissues.
Keywords: Pongamiapinnata, biodieasel,gall,invertase, auxin, chlorophyll, caroteinoid, enzymes
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[2] A.P. Murray,C.F. Gibbs,A.R. Longmore,Determination of chlorophyll in marine waters: Inter comparison of a rapid HPLC method with full HPLC, Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods,Mari. Chem, 19, 1986, 211-227.
[3] B. Mustafa,Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production –A review of current work,Energ. Convers. Manage. 52 (2), 2011, 1479–1492.
[4] D.I. Arnon,Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in beta vulgaris, plant physiol., 24, 1949, 1-15.
[5] G.A. Armstrong, J.E. Hearst, Carotenoids 2: Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis,Faseb J.,10 (2), 1996. 228–37. PMID 8641556.
[6] G. P. Harris and B. Jaffcoat1974,Ann. Bot. 38, 77-83.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Seasonal Changes In Lipid Content, In The Adductor Muscles Of Cerebralectomied Freshwater Bivalve Mussel Lamellidens Corrianus. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sangeeta . B. Dongre And *D.L.Sonwane |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09122932 |
Abstract: Lipids play a nutritional physiological role by providing an efficient source of energy and essential fatty acids. As the freshwater bivalves are the filter feeder the role of adductor muscles are very efficient. A seasonal change in endogenous and exogenous factors in freshwater bivalves requires more energy and is control by various ganglion such as cerebral, visceral and pedal, hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of cerebral ganglia on lipid content in adductor muscles of freshwater mussel Lamellidens Corrianus.
Key Words: Lipids, Season, cerebralectomy and Lamellidens corrianus.
[1]. Alkanani, T., Parrish, C.C., Thompson, R.J. and McKenzie,C.H. 2007. Role of fatty acids in cultured mussels,Mytilus edulis, grown in Notre Dame Bay,Newfoundland. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 348: 33-45.
[2]. Barnes and Balakstock, 1973: Estimation of lipids in the marine animal tissues.; detailed investigation of sulphophosphovanilline method for total lipids. J. Expt. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 12(1) 103-108.
[3]. Beninger PG, Lucas A 1984. Seasonal variations in condition,reproductive activity and gross biochemical composition of two species of adult clam reared in a common habitat: Tapes
[4]. decussatus L. (Jeff reys) and Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 79: 19-37,
[5]. Dembitsky VM, Kashin AG, Stefanow K. 1992. Comparative investigation of phospholipids and fatty acids of freshwater molluscs from Volga River Basin. Comp. Biochem Physiol.102B: 193-198,
[6]. Dembitsky VM, Rezanka T, Kashin AG. 1993a. Fatty acid and phospholipids composition of freshwater molluscs Anadonta piscinalis and Limnaea fragilis from the River Volga. Comp
[7]. Biochem Physiol 105B, 3: 597-601,
[8]. Dembitsky VM, Rezanka T, Kashin AG. 1993b. Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal-Ι. Phospholipids and fatty acid composition of two mollusc species, Baicalia oviformis and Benedictia baicalensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Assessment of the Effect of Cannabis sativa and Nicotiana tobacum Leaves on some Haematological and Liver Function Indices of Albino Rats. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Dasofunjo Ka, Okwari, O. O.b; Obembe A.Oc, Olatunji T.Ld and Osim, E. E |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09123340 |
Abstract: The effect of marijuana and tobacco leaves on male albino rats haematological and liver functional indices were investigated. Twenty (20) male albino rats were randomly grouped into four (4) A, B, C and D. Rats in B, C and D were administered with marijuana, tobacco and mixture of marijuana and tobacco respectively in the ratio 3:1 after an acclimatization period of 7 days. Rats in group A served as the control and were administered with standard feeds and water only. Their weights were monitored on daily bases with their consumption rate inclusive. The rats were sacrificed after an experimental period of 14 days.The haematocrit (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). Total protein produces a significant increase (p<0.05) with rats administered with marijuana while tobacco and mixture of tobacco and marijuana shows a significant decrease (p<0.05).
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[4], R.S .Helper., and R.J. Petrus,. (1996). Experiences with administration of Marijuana to glaucoma patients. In S. Cohen & R.C. Stillman (Eds.), The therapeutic aspects of marijuana (Pp. 63-75). New York: Plenum Press
[5] J.E. Joy,, S.J. Watson,and JAJ Benson,, Marijana and medicine: As The science Base Washinton DC: National academic press,1999
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[7] Nathan, P.E.. Substance use disorders in the DSM-IV. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 100: 1991,356-361
[8], M.J. Marks, , J.R. Pauly, S.D. Gross, E.S. Denris, Hemans-Borgmeyer, I.,Heinemann, S.F.,and Collins, A.A. Nicotine binding and nicotinic Receptor subunit RNA after chronic nicotine treatment. Journal of Neuro-science. 12: 1992,2765-2784
[9], L Ke., , C.E. Eisenhour, , M. Bencherif, , R.J Lukas.. Effect of chronic nicotine Trearment on expression and function of diverse nicotinic receptor sub-Type, 1 dose- and time dependent effects of nicotine treatment.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 286, 1998,825-840
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Haematological Profile Of Rats Administered With Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Moringa Oleifera Following Thermooxidixed Palm Oil Diet Induced Toxicity |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | 1Okwari, O. O, 2Emerole G.C., 3Dasofunjo K, Obi .J |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09124145 |
Abstract: In assessing the effect of haematological parameters of rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera following thermooxidixed palm oil induced toxicity. Twenty-five (25) Female rats weighing 150-170g body weight were assigned randomly into five groups: A-E of 5 rats, after permission was granted by the Collage Ethical Committee on Experimental Animals.
[1], E.W Carol Cell and Tissue Characteristics.In Porth C.M Kumet M.P eds.Pathophysiological Concept of Altered Health States. 6thedn pp. 102-105.Philadelphia.Lippincott and Williams and Wilkins 2002.
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[7] C Li and R.M Jackson.Reactive Species Mechanism of Cellular Hypxia – Reoxygenation Injury.Am Journal of Physiology Cell physiology 282: 2002,C227 – c421.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Xylopia aethiopica fruit extract lowers uric acid levels in wistar albino rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Okwari, O. O.a;Dasofunjo Kb Obembe A.Oc; Olatunji T.Ld Osim, E. E |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09124650 |
Abstract: The effect of aqueous fruit extract of Xylopia aethiopica on bile, serum and fecal uric acid levels as well as bile secretion and cholesterol (LDL, VLDL, HDL and triglycerides) were studied in wistar albino rats. Thirty (30) wistar albino rats were divided into three groups of ten (10) rats each after an acclimatization period of seven (7) days. The control group received normal rat chow and water freely. The two test group's ii and iii received daily oral administration of 100mg/kg b.w and 200mg/kg b.w/day respectively of the fruit extract for 28 days, water and standard feed given ad libitum. At the end of the experimental period, bile, serum and feces from the three groups were analyzed for bilirubin and uric acid. Bile flow rate (ml/h) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the test groups when compared with control.
[1]. T. C. Fleischer,, M. L.,Mensah, A. Y Mensah,. , G Komlaga., S. Y. Gbedema, and H Skalta, .Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Xylopia aethiopica.African Journal Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 5: 2008,391-393.
[2]. O. T. Asekun,and B. A.A.deniyiAntimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of the fruit essential oil of Xylopia aethiopica Fitoterapia, 75 No 3&4 ,2004,368-370.
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[5]. Y. Ameyaw,and E Owosu Ansah,. Morphological study of two plantspecies used in ethno medicine. Centre for Scientific Research into plant medicine. Ghana, West Africa,2007
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Impact of repeated administration of Cannabis sativa on some biochemical parameters in albino rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Okwari, O. O., Emerole G.C , Dasofunjo K, Alagwu E.A , Olatunji T.L, Osim, E. E |
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: | 10.9790/3008-09125157 |
Abstract: Cannabis sativa is an illicit drug with proven anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiarrheal activities. This present study is aimed at ascertaining the impact of Cannabis sativa on some biochemical indices of albino rats. Twenty (20) male wistar albino rats ranging from180-200g were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 7days, following which they were randomly assigned into 4 groups i, ii, iii and iv of five animals each based on average body weight. Groups (ii-iv) were administered 0.5 ml aqueous extract of Cannabis sativa via oral route corresponding to 1, 2 and 3mg/Kg/body weight, while group i (control) received 0.5ml of distilled water orally. Rats in all groups were sacrificed 24hours after the experimental periods of 30daysoforaladministration of the extract. The extract significantly (p<0.05) increased serum Albumin, Globuli n, Total protein, Conjugated bilirubin while Total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin concentration showed a significant (p<0.05) increase only in group ii and iv when compared with the control. Likewise group ii and iii showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol .
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[3]. T.H.Richardson .Cannabis use and mental health:A review of recent epidemiologicalresearch.Int.J.Pharmacol .,6: 2010,796-807.
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[5]. S.H., Abdelrahman,I.M. Mousa, S.M.E. Khojali and A.A. Ismail Trypanocidal effect of Cannabissativa on experimental camel trypansomosis.Res.J.Med.Plant,6: 2012,281-285.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of the Leaves of Combretum Paniculatum (Vent) SolaniumMacrocarpon (L) and CatharanthusRoseus (L) G. Don |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Osuagwu, G. G. E., Nwoko, N. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-09125865 |
Abstract: The phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activity of the leaves of Combretum paniculatum, Solanium macrocarpon and Catharanthus roseus were carried out to ascertain their medicinal potential. Ethanolic extracts of the leaves of the plants were tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar well diffusion method.The investigations showed that the leaves of the three plant species contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponin, steroids and tannins in varying proportions. Results obtained also indicated that the percentage phytochemical contents are as follows: Alkaloids (2.41 – 2.70), Phenols (0.052 – 0.108), flavonoids (0.90 – 1.74), saponins (0.43 – 1.65), steroids (0.042- 0.18) and tannins (0.174 – 0.295). Generally, the most prominent phytochemical in the leaves of the plants was alkaloids. The Ethanolic extracts of the leaves of all the plants inhibited the growth of the human bacterial pathogens used in the study. The inhibition zone ranged from 6.67 to 14.70mm. The inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the extracts ranged from 2.33to 14.67mg/ml. The results of the study reveal the medicinal potential of the leaves of the plants and that they can be utilized in treatment of some bacterial infections.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, Inhibition zone, Phytochemicals, Catharanthus roseus, Combretum paniculatum, and Solanium macrocarpon.[1]. G.C.Akuodor, M. S. Idris-Usman, C. C. Mbah, U. A.Megiwar, J. I. Akpan, T. C. Ugwu, D. O.Okoroafor,andU. A. Osunkwo. Studies of anti-ulcer,analgestic and antipyretic properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongonemalatifoliumin rodents. African Journal of Biotechnology,9(5), 2010,2316-2321.
[2]. M. Arbonnier. Trees, shrubs and lianas of West African dry zones. (CIRAD MARGRAF publishers, GMBH. AJ. Wageningen, The Netherland, 2004, 573 pp).
[3]. H. Arshad, H. Shadma, I.Iffat and Sarfara-Hussein.Antibacteria activity of the leaves of Cocciniaindica(W and A)W of India.AdvancesinBiologicalResearch4(5), 2010, 241-248.
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[5]. J. U. Bishnu, L. Sunil and S.AnuJa.Antibacterial properties of different medicinal plants; Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomumzeylanicum, Xanthoxylimarimatum and Origanummasorana. KathmanduUniversity Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology,5, 2009, 143-150.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation And Evaluation Of Repaglinide Biphasic Mini Tablets |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | P. Sandhya, Sameera Khan |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-09126673 |
Abstract: Repaglinide is an anti-diabetic drug used extensively in the treatment of diabetes type II. The present study was carried out to formulate and evaluate biphasic floating mini tablets of Repaglinide. These mini tablets were encapsulated in a capsule. Immediate release mini tablet (IRMT) were manufactured by direct compression using various superdisintegrating agents, each mini tablet containing 2mg Repaglinide. Sustained release mini tablet (SRMT) were formulated using various polymers, each mini tablet containing 4mg Repaglinide. The prepared mini tablets were subjected to pre and post compressional parameters and the values were within the prescribed limits. The drug- excipient compatibility studies were performed using FTIR techniques. The invitro performance showed the desired biphasic behaviour. Capsules were filled with individual mini tablets to deliver 6mg of Repaglinide designed to provide a multi particulate delivery of drug as immediate and sustained dissolution release profiles.
Keywords: mini tablets, Repaglinide, encapsulated biphasic mini tablets, floating drug delivery system,floating lag time.[1] D. Karthikeyan, A.Vijayalaxmi , C. Santhosh Kumar, Formulation and evaluation of biphasic Delivery system of aceclofenac mini-tablets in Hard gelatin capsules, ISSN: 2277 – 2782, international journal of novel trends in pharmaceutical sciences.
[2] Noorana Tehseen , Vinay Rao, Mohd Abdul Hadi, design and characterization of twice daily mini-tablets formulation of pregabalin, International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, ISSN-0975-1491, VOL 5, Suppl 1, 2013
[3] Carla M. Lopes , Jos´e Manuel Sousa Lobo, Jo˜ao F. Pinto , Paulo Costa , Compressed mini-tablets as a biphasic delivery system, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 323 (2006) 93–100
[4] Jitender Joshi, Lata Bhakuni and Sachin Kumar, Formulation and evaluation of solid matrix tablets of Repaglinide, Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2012, 3 (5):598-603, Pelagia Research Library, ISSN: 0976-8688
[5] Gross, S.T., Hoffman, A., Donbrow, M., Benita, S., 1986. Fundamentals of the release mechanism interpretation in multiparticulate systems: the prediction of the commonly observed release equations from statistical population models for particle ensembles. Int. J. Pharm. 29, 213–222.
[6] Bechgaard and Nielsen, 1978; Davis et al .,1986; Voigt, 2006b
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparison of Callus Initiation and Regeneration Frequency for Two Submerge Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa) |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | R. Bhuiyan, Md. Abunasar Miah, Shahriar Kabir Shakil, Mohammad Ferdous Ikbal, A.T.M.J. Mosnaz, Md. Hammadul Hoque, Gokul Chandra Biswas, Shamsul H. Prodhan |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-09127478 |
Abstract: This study was undertaken to find out the in vitro callus induction and organogenesis potential of submerged tolerant rice varieties. MS media supplemented with different concentrations of 2, 4- D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) were used for callus induction from the mature dehusked rice seeds. Callus derived from the 3.0 mg /l 2, 4-D showed the best results for callus induction (BRRI dhan 52 showed 45.5% and FR13A showed 90%). For regeneration of plantlets MS media with different concentrations of NAA, BA, and Kinetin were employed. The highest regeneration frequencies were 35% for BRRI 52 and 83% for FR13A, the highest average shoots were recorded at the MS media supplemented with 2mg/L kinetin + 2mg/L BA + 1mg/L NAA. The maximum shoot produced after 3.5 weeks and multiple shoots were apparent in the first subculture. In regeneration media root formation frequency was not considerable, so again shoots were given to the root formation media with three media composition. Best result found from hormone free MS Basal media (94% for FR13A and 87% for BRRI dhan 52). After hardening the plantlets were transferred to field.
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