iosr-JRME   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2026

Abstract: Kenya’s transition from a content-based education system to a Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) represents a significant educational reform aimed at equipping learners with essential 21st-century competencies such as critical thinking, collaboration, digital literacy, and problem-solving. This report evaluates teachers....

[1]. Akala, W. J. (2021). Revisiting Education Reform In Kenya: A Case Of CBC.
[2]. Amunga, J., Were, D., & Ashioya, I. (2020). CBC Implementation In Kenya.
[3]. Bunyi, G. W. (2013). Life Skills Education In Kenya.
[4]. Katam, E. (2020). Teacher Preparedness In CBC.
[5]. Masika, J. (2020). Parental Involvement In CBC

Abstract: The inclusion of digital devices in today's modern classroom teaching has become extremely important. These tools are helpful in improving the quality of teaching, student engagement and learning outcomes. In India, especially after the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in schools has received a boost. The use of smart boards, projectors, learning applications, Google Classroom and online platforms like Zoom has increased.Yet, the effective use of these digital....

Keywords: Teacher Preparation, Digital Tools, ICT Inclusion, Secondary School, North India, Classroom Teaching

[1]. Abel, V. R.,Tondeur, J., & Sang, G. (2022). Teacher Perceptions About ICT Integration Into Classroom Instruction. Education Sciences, 12(9), 609. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Educsci12090609⁠
[2]. Akram, H., Abdelrady, A. H., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Ramzan, M. (2022). Teachers’ Perceptions Of Technology Integration In Teaching-Learning Practices: A Systematic Review. Frontiers In Psychology, 13, 920317. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpsyg.2022.920317⁠
[3]. Almerich, G., Gargallo‑Jaquotot, P., & Suárez‑Rodríguez, J. (2024). ICT Integration By Teachers: A Basic Model Of ICT Use, Pedagogical Beliefs, And Personal And Contextual Factors. Teaching And Teacher Education, 145, Article 104617.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Tate.2024.104617⁠
[4]. Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers To The Successful Integration Of ICT In Teaching And Learning Environments: A Review Of The Literature. Eurasia Journal Of Mathematics, Science And Technology Education, 5(3), 235–245.
Https://Doi.Org/10.12973/Ejmste/75275⁠
[5]. Chen, C., & Tsai, C. (2021). In‑Service Teachers’ Conceptions Of Mobile Technology‑Integrated Instruction: Tendency Towards Student‑Centered Learning. Computers & Education, 170, Article 104224. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Compedu.2021.104224..

Abstract: Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em investigar o estado do conhecimento presente em artigos científicos que abordam a relevância e as discussões sobre a arte-educação no contexto da sala do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). Inserido no campo da educação, o estudo considera a arte e a educação especial como elementos fundamentais no processo de inclusão. A metodologia adotada é de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como eixo norteador a pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, que permite mapear os principais estudos......

[1]. CARDOSO, Ivani Leão; OLIVEIRA, Isaura Francisco De. Inclusão De Alunos Com Deficiência No Ensino Regular E O Atendimento Educacional Especializado. Seminário Nacional E Seminário Internacional Políticas Públicas, Gestão E Práxis Educacional, V. 1, P. 1149-1163, 2024.
[2]. CHIARADIA, Anna Paola Xavier; BARBOSA, Claudia Waltrick Machado. Arteterapia Como Objeto De Escuta Terapêutica: Vivenciando Junto Às Mães De Crianças Com Deficiciência Na APAE E AEE. Uifacvest.Edu.Br
[3]. CIRILO, Vitor Dos Praseres; RODRIGUES, Hellen Vitória Mota; BRANDÃO, Rayra. Inclusão De Alunos Ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE): Mapeamento E Análise Do Processo Em Uma Escola Municipal De Tomé-Açu, Pará. Revista De Gestão E Secretariado, V. 16, N. 3, P. E4724-E4724, 2025.
[4]. GARCIA, Aleksandra Debom; DAGUIEL, Fatima Gomes Nogueira; FRANCISCO, Fernanda Pereira Santana. Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). Rio De Janeiro: UFRJ, 2012.
[5]. NEVES, Libéria Rodrigues. Contribuições Da Arte Ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado E À Inclusão Escolar. Revista Brasileira De Educação Especial, V. 23, N. 4, P. 489-504, 2017..

Abstract: This paper examines the integration of life skills into classroom teaching as an essential educational approach for contemporary learners. Life skills—encompassing cognitive, social, emotional, and practical competencies—enable students to navigate complex real-world challenges beyond academic contexts. Traditional educational approaches often emphasize content knowledge acquisition while neglecting these transferable competencies, creating a disconnect between classroom learning and practical application. This paper establishes a conceptual framework.....

[1]. Aldrich, C. (2022). Learning By Doing: A Comprehensive Guide To Simulations, Computer Games, And Pedagogy In E-Learning And Other Educational Experiences. John Wiley & Sons.
[2]. Andrade, H. (2022). A Critical Review Of Research On Student Self-Assessment. Review Of Educational Research, 92(4), 421-458.
[3]. Andrade, H., & Valtcheva, A. (2023). Promoting Learning And Achievement Through Self-Assessment. Theory Into Practice, 62(1), 12-19.
[4]. Apple, M. W. (2023). Ideology And Curriculum (4th Ed.). Routledge.
[5]. Bandura, A. (2018). Toward A Psychology Of Human Agency: Pathways And Reflections. Perspectives On Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136...

Abstract: Pragmatic competence—the ability to use language appropriately in social contexts—has become a central concern in second language acquisition (SLA) and English as a Second Language (ESL) studies. While grammatical competence enables learners to construct well-formed sentences, pragmatic competence determines whether such utterances are socially acceptable and contextually appropriate. This paper examines the concept of pragmatic competence in ESL communication and explores how key social variables such as age, gender, power relations, social distance, cultural norms.......

Keywords: Pragmatic competence, ESL communication, social variables, sociopragmatics, pragmalinguistics

[1]. Austin, J. L. (1962). How To Do Things With Words. Oxford University Press.
[2]. Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental Considerations In Language Testing. Oxford University Press.
[3]. Bardovi-Harlig, K. (2001). Evaluating The Empirical Evidence: Grounds For Instruction In Pragmatics. Pragmatics, 11(1), 25–71.
[4]. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals In Language Usage. Cambridge University Press.
[5]. Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases Of Communicative Approaches To Second Language Teaching And Testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1–47.

Abstract: Pragmatic competence is a crucial component of communicative competence in second language use, yet it remains underdeveloped among many English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. This study examines cross-cultural pragmatic failure among Nigerian ESL learners, focusing on how sociocultural norms from indigenous Nigerian languages influence learners’ use of English in intercultural communication. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected from 60 undergraduate ESL learners through discourse completion tasks (DCTs), classroom observations........

Keywords: Pragmatic failure, cross-cultural pragmatics, Nigerian English, ESL learners, speech acts, pragmatic competence

[1]. Adegbija, E. (2004). Language Attitudes In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Sociolinguistic Overview. Multilingual Matters.
[2]. Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Hartford, B. S. (1993). Learning The Rules Of Academic Talk: A Longitudinal Study Of Pragmatic Development. Studies In Second Language Acquisition, 15(3), 279–304. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/S0272263100012154
[3]. Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (1989). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests And Apologies. Ablex.
[4]. House, J. (2003). English As A Lingua Franca: A Threat To Multilingualism? Journal Of Sociolinguistics, 7(4), 556–578. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1467-9841.2003.00242.X
[5]. Kasper, G. (1997). Can Pragmatic Competence Be Taught? Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center Working Papers, 1–16.

Abstract: This study examined Pedagogy of English as a second Language Learning in promoting national development. The study adopted behaviourist theory which was propounded by thorndike and expanded by skinner. For the behaviourists, learning situations stand out symbolically as S > R bond in which the stimuli (B) external to the learner compels a response ®, which could carry positive or negative changes. The study was carried out at the National Open University of Nigeria, Abakaliki Study Centre,.....

Keywords: Pedagogy, Second Language, Language learning, Promotion, National Development.

[1]. Abah, J. A. (2020). Modern Trends Of Communication Skills In English. Port Harcourt: Eastern Polytechnics.
[2]. Akindele F. And Adegbite, W (1999). The Sociology And Politics Of English In Nigeria. An Introduction. Ile-Ife: Obafemi Awolowo University Press.
[3]. Ashworth, M (1990). Beyond Methodology In Second Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4]. Azikiwe, U. (1998). Language Teaching And Learning. Onitsha: African First Publishers.
[5]. Brown, H.D (1987). Principles Of Language Learning And Teaching (2nd Ed.) New Jersay: Practice Hall Reagents.

Abstract: Background: This study examines the construction of the Transnordestina Railway, which will extend for 608 kilometers across the State of Ceará in a north–south direction. The research addresses the historical relationship between rail transportation and economic development, as well as the potential contribution of railway infrastructure to regional productive integration and socioeconomic expansion. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a qualitative research approach to investigate the extent to which the railway may influence,.....

Keywords: Transnordestina Railway; Intermodality; Freight Terminal; Dry Port; Productive Chain

[1]. Alencar, I. C. F. Backlands In Sight: The Plans And Railway Tracks Of Ceará During The Second Reign. Federal University Of Paraíba (Ufpb). Geografias Journal, V. 17, N. 2, Jul./Dec. 2021. Issn 2237-549x. Https://Doi.Org/10.35699/2237-549x.2021.29162. Accessed: Feb. 16, 2026.
[2]. Alves, E. G. De C.; Ramos, R. B. Da S.; Silva, C. R. Rail Transport In Brazil: Challenges And Opportunities. Revista Conecta, São Paulo, Brazil, V. 3, P. 15–27, 2020. Https://Doi.Org/10.0000/Rc.V3i.18. Available At:
Https://Www.Fatecrl.Edu.Br/Revistaconecta/Index.Php/Rc/Article/View/18. Accessed: Feb. 2026.
[3]. Araújo, D.; Nascimento, H. R.; Mendes, W.; Rodrigues, L. Ceará May Have At Least Three Dry Ports Along The Transnordestina Route: Structures Will Be Dedicated To The Sale And Processing Of Railway Cargo As Well As Other Economic Activities. Diário Do Nordeste. Published Nov. 25, 2024. Available At: Https://Diariodonordeste.Verdesmares.Com.Br/Negocios/Ceara-Pode-Ter-Pelo-Menos-Tres-Portos-Secos-No-Caminho-Da-Transnordestina-Veja-Locais-1.3583131
[4]. Assis, R. J. S. De. Paper Railways: Projects Of Territorial Domination In Ceará (1864–1880). 2011. Master’s Dissertation (Geography) – Center Of Sciences, Federal University Of Ceará. Fortaleza, 2011.
[5]. Barham, D. How Modern Rail Networks Can Boost Economic Growth And Regional Trade In Africa. Published Sept. 18, 2024. Available At: Https://Wearevuka.Com/Insights/Mobility/How-Modern-Rail-Networks-Can-Boost-Economic-Growth/ Accessed: Feb. 12, 2026

Abstract: The Odia Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa (SBM), composed by Jagannātha Dāsa in the fifteenth–sixteenth century CE, stands as one of the most influential vernacular reinterpretations of the Sanskrit Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa in eastern India. Although widely recognized for its devotional and literary significance, its contemplative architecture has not received sustained analytical attention. This article reconstructs the sequential Viṣṇu-dhyāna model embedded within selected skandhas of the Odia text and argues that it presents a systematic psycho-spiritual ascent integrating Haṭha-Yoga discipline, Rāja-Yoga interiorization, and Saguṇa-Bhakti visualization. Through....

Keywords: Viṣṇu-dhyāna; Odia Bhāgavata; vernacular Vedānta; Bhakti-Yoga; aṅga-dhyāna; Saguṇa–Nirguṇa synthesis; yogic psychology; Odisha religious history

[1]. Maharana, S. K. (2016). Pañcasākha Dharma O Sāhitya (3rd Ed., P. 33). Odisha Book Store.
[2]. Pollock, S. (2006). The Language Of The Gods In The World Of Men. University Of California Press.
[3]. Novetzke, C. L. (2008). Religion And Public Memory: A Cultural History Of Saint Namdev In India. Columbia University Press.
[4]. Jagannātha Dāsa. (2023). Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa (P. 98). Gita Press.
[5]. Jagannātha Dāsa. (2023). Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa (P. 201). Gita Press

Abstract: Background: Digital learning has become the center of educational reform nowadays; nevertheless, its deployment in poorly equipped tribal schools continues to be characterized by the perpetuation of structural inequities and contextual limitations. There is still a lack of empirical research to shed light on how school leaders in marginalized areas make sense of and manage the digital integration practice in the context of limited resources. Materials and Methods: This qualitative narrative study was conducted to understand the lives and experiences of six educational heads of government schools from three different districts of Nagaland - Kohima, Mokokchung, and Dimapur....

Keywords: Digital Learning, Digital Divide, Educational Leadership, Tribal Education, Digital Equity, NEP 2020

[1]. ASER Centre. (2021). Annual Status Of Education Report (Rural) 2021 (ASER 2021). Pratham/ASER. Https://Img.Asercentre.Org/Docs/Aser2021finalreport_16.116.54pm1.Pdf
[2]. ASER Centre. (2022). Annual Status Of Education Report 2022 (ASER 2022). Pratham/ASER. Https://Asercentre.Org/Aser-2022/
[3]. Babu, M. R. N. (2024). Digital Literacy Among Pre-Service Teachers In Nagaland: Implications For Teacher Education. International Journal Of Education And Society, 12(1), 45–58.
[4]. Chakravarty, D., & Tyagi, T. (2025, August 26). Internet Connectivity In Northeast India: Gaps, Gains And Future Growth. Observer Research Foundation. Https://Www.Orfonline.Org/Expert-Speak/Internet-Connectivity-In-Northeast-India-Gaps-GainsAnd-Future-Growth
[5]. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Learning Policy Institute. Https://Files.Eric.Ed.Gov/Fulltext/ED606743.Pdf

Abstract: Background: The integration of digital technologies has significantly transformed English language education, with Nearpod emerging as a key interactive platform to enhance student engagement. While Nearpod interactive videos are known to support comprehension and motivation, research focusing on lower secondary school students’ perceptions in the context of English listening practice remains limited. This study utilizes the Technology Acceptance....

Keywords: : Nearpod; Interactive videos; English listening practice; Technology Acceptance Model; TAM

[1]. Alfadda, H., & Mahdi, H. (2021). Measuring Students’ Use Of Zoom Application In Language Course Based On The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Journal Of Psycholinguistic Research, 50, 883 - 900. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10936-020-09752-1.
[2]. An, X., Chai, C., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., & Yang, B. (2023). Modeling Students’ Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Language Learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 38, 987 - 1008. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09588221.2023.2246519.
[3]. Anggoro, K., & Khasanah, U. (2025). Nearpod Interactive Video As An Independent Learning Tool In A Flipped Writing Course In A Thai University. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal. Https://Doi.Org/10.54855/Callej.252612.
[4]. Anggraeni, Y., Muis, A., & Gita, R. (2025). Nearpod-Based Animation Video Media On Increasing Learning Motivation And Understanding Of Ecosystem Concepts In Elementary Schools. JST (Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi). Https://Doi.Org/10.23887/JstUndiksha.V14i2.101626.
[5]. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance Of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/249008

Abstract: The research objective of the article is to enhance students' initiative, creativity, teamwork spirit, and confidence in presenting a problem in front of a large audience... Along with the application of methods, the combination of techniques in learning is very necessary. To achieve the above objectives, we use the following methods: Information collection method; Document analysis and processing method. The research results show that in addition to the requirement to provide the core knowledge content of the lesson, teaching techniques have stimulated the active participation of students....

Keywords: Teaching techniques, teaching Geography , proactive, creative, Geography 10. .

[1]. Pham Thi Hong Tham, Pham Thi Phuong, "Current Situation And Some Solutions To Improve The Ability To Use Teaching Techniques For Teachers". Education Magazine, No. 513 (Part 1 - November 2021), Pp. 9-13
[2]. Le Thi Van Anh "Using Some Active Teaching Techniques In Organizing Group Discussions - Case Study Of Teaching The Topic Scientific Socialism". Educational Sciences, 2020, Volume 65, Issue 9, Pp. 61-68.
[3]. Nguyen Thi Linh Huyen, "Some Basic Techniques In Teaching History Of Political Theories For Students Majoring In Political Education At Tay Bac University". Vietnam Educational Science Magazine February Issue, Pp. 42-47, 2020.
[4]. Doan Thi Thanh Phuong, "Applying Active Teaching Methods And Techniques To Organize Integrated Teaching And Sustainable Education In Geography 10 In High Schools". Educational Sciences, 2020, Volume 65, Issue 4, Pp. 39-47
[5]. Le Thi Thu Ha, "Applying Active Teaching Techniques In Teaching The Theory And Methods Of The Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneers Tasks For Students Majoring In Primary Education". Northwest University Science Magazine, 2022 Number 29, Pages 114-118.

Abstract: Background: Artificial intelligence has emerged as a disruptive force in education, increasingly integrating into the pedagogical process and enabling innovations such as personalized learning and automated assessment systems. Despite these advances, its incorporation raises relevant questions regarding algorithmic transparency, ethical boundaries in decision-making processes, and the responsibilities that must be shared among educational institutions, teachers, and technology developers. Materials and Methods: This study adopts a qualitative approach and is characterized as bibliographic research. The methodological procedures....

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Education; Ethical and Pedagogical Limits.

[1]. Baker, T.; Smith, L. Educ-Ai-Tion Rebooted? Exploring The Future Of Artificial Intelligence In Schools And Colleges. London: Nesta, 2019. Available At: Https://Www.Nesta.Org.Uk. Accessed On: Mar. 5, 2026.
[2]. Barbosa, C. R. A. C. Transformations In Teaching And Learning Through The Use Of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review. Recima21, V. 4, N. 5, 2023. Https://Doi.Org/10.47820/Recima21.V4i5.3103.
[3]. Brazil. Law No. 14,533, Of January 11, 2023. Establishes The National Digital Education Policy And Amends Laws No. 9,394 Of December 20, 1996 (Law Of Guidelines And Bases Of National Education), No. 9,448 Of March 14, 1997, No. 10,260 Of July 12, 2001, And No. 10,753 Of October 30, 2003. Brasília, Df: Presidency Of The Republic, 2023. Available At:
Https://Www.Planalto.Gov.Br/Ccivil_03/_Ato2023-2026/2023/Lei/L14533.Htm. Accessed On: Mar. 9, 2026.
[4]. Botelho, L.; Ferreira, N. S.; Santos, L.; Gusmão, E. M.; Melo, D. S.; Silva, C. V. S.; Silva, L. S.; Siqueira, T. G. S.; Ferreira, V. A.; Silva, L. A. S.; Silva, M. R.; Oliveira, C. E. F.; Mendes, C. F.; Melo, K. A. P. Technological Innovation: Artificial Intelligence (Ai).

Abstract: Résumé: L’avènement du numérique transforme profondément les modes d’apprentissage des langues, redéfinissant les pratiques pédagogiques et les interactions linguistiques. Cette recherche s’interroge sur les effets du numérique sur l’acquisition et la maîtrise de la langue. Une recherche qui permet de réaliser une évaluationà la fois qualitative et quantitative de l’activité de l’élève dans la production de l’écrit, en mettant en lumière les enjeux linguistiques.....

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Https://Www.Mcinet.Gov.Ma/Sites/Default/Files/Documentation%20iscae%20rabat%202018.Pdf (Consulté Le 20/06/2025).
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[5]. Fuchs, C. (2014). Critique Of The Political Economy Of Mobile Learning And Education. Mobile Media & Communication, 2(1), 63-78. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/2050157914528474 (Consulté Le 20/06/2025)..

Abstract: Graduates of technical institutes in Kenya, particularly those from Machakos County, have a persistent gap between the skills they acquire and the demands of the job market. This has resulted in higher unemployment rates among the graduates despite the integration of industrial attachment into TVET diploma programs, which is expected to equip them with competencies to enhance their employability. Furthermore, there has been a scarcity of information on industrial attachment and its effect on the employability of these graduates. The study was guided by the objective to determine whether hands-on technical skills developed during industrial attachment affect....

Keywords: Hands-On Technical Skills, Industrial Attachment, Employability, Technical Institutes’ Diploma Graduates, Machakos County. .

[1]. Abdullahi, M., & Othman, N. (2022). The Influence Of Supervisors In The Implementation Of Industrial Attachment Program In TVET Institutions In Nigeria. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2433, No. 1). Kuala Lumphur, Malaysia, AIP Publishing.
[2]. Adja Kwabena Adjei, N., Nyarko, D. A., & Nunfam, V. F. (2014). Industrial Attachment In Polytechnic Education: An Approach To Polytechnic-Industry Nexus In Human Capital Development Of Selected Polytechnics In Ghana. Journal Of Education And Practice, 5(33), 1-5
[3]. Anudo, N., & Orwa, Q. (2020). Improving Technical And Vocational Education And Training In Kenya For Sustainable Development. Journal Of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship In Africa, 11(1), 122-137.
[4]. Babalola, J. B. (2009). Education That Can Raise Productivity In Nigeria. Being A Faculty Lecture Delivered In The Faculty Of Education, University Of Ilorin, Nigeria.
[5]. Becker, G. S. (1992). Human Capital And The Economy. Proceedings Of The American Philosophical Society, 136(1), 85-92.