Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: The procedure described by Adebayo et al., (2010b) was adopted. Fresh leave of Chrysophyllum albidum was rinsed with distilled water to remove dust and other contaminant then air-dried in the laboratory for 14 days. The dried leave was subsequently mashed into fine powder using morta and pestle. The powder was weighed on weighing balance and recorded. 200g of C. albidum powder was weighed and transfer into conical flask of 1000ml. 250cm3 of methanol was added to the measured powder in the conical flask gently swirled and placed on the table for 5 days. This was later filtered using Muslim clothes and cotton wool in a clean conical flask. The residue was weighed and recorded as well as the substrate. The substrate i.e. the extract was then evaporated using rotary evaporator at 50oC. The extract was further evaporated with the use of water bath at 48oC. The resultant extract was weighed and recorded accordingly.

[1]. Adewoye, EO, Elsie O. Adewoye, Salami, AT, Lawal, TO and Adeniyi, BA,.The Antimicrobial and Kill Kinetics of Chrysophyllum Albidum Stem Bark Extracts. In: European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.56 No.3 (2011), pp.434-444
[2]. Adewusi HA., 1997. The African Star Apple Chrysophyllum albidum Indigenous Knowledge from Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. In: Proceedings of a National Workshop on the Potentials of the Star Apple in Nigeria (Eds.) pp: 25 – 33.
[3]. Adisa SA., 2000. Vitamin C, Protein and mineral contents of African Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) IN: Proceedings of the 18th annual conference of NIST. (Eds.), pp 141 -146.
[4]. Amusa NA., Ashaye OA., Oladapo MO., 2003. Biodeterioration of the African Star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) in storage and the effect on its food value. Afr. J. Biotech., 2: 56 – 59.
[5]. Bada SO. (1997), Preliminary information on the ecology of Chrysophyllum albidum done in the West and Central Africa; In proceedings of a National Workshop on the potentials of Star Apple in Nigeria, pp 16 – 25
[6]. Ganguly T, Sainis KB (2001). Inhibition of cellular immune response by Tylophora indica In experimental models. Phytomed. 8(5): 348-355.

Abstract: The water quality of the Imonite Creek was investigated based on nine water quality parameters. These include fecal coliform count, BOD, DO, phosphate, pH, TDS, nitrate, turbidity and temperature. Though heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn and Ca were analysed, they recorded insignificant and trace amounts. The creek water was investigated for a period of eight months using five stratified sampling stations of A, B, C, D and E. The use of recommended standard methods were employed for the analysis of the water quality parameters.

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Abstract: Plants of genus Clerodendron belongs to family Verbenaceae and have been widely employed for controlling the various disease. Objective of the present study was to do preliminary phytochemical screening of Methanolic Extract of leaves of Clerodendron infortunatum. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of this plant confirms the presence of various phytochemicals like sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, and glycosides in its methanolic extract. Whereas flavonoids, phenols and saponins were found to be absent. This preliminary study draws attention to the need for further studies of the active secondary metabolites identified in the reported species for the treatment of many diseases also to understand their mode of action in controlling various dreadful diseases.

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Abstract: The aqueous extract of the seed of Berlinia grandiflora was analyzed for toxic phytochemicals. Alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid and starch were detected in the photochemical screening of the extract. The GC/MS studies showed that the extract contained pentadecanoic acid (15 %), 9-octadecenamide (16 %), octadecanoic acid (17 %), α-methyl-mannofuranocide (21 %) and 9-octadecenoic acid (31 %). Some of the important functional groups in the compounds were further confirmed using FTIR. The presence of toxic phytochemicals that can lead to instant death were not evident from the results of this studies. However, the high concentration of fatty acids in the extract can cause metabolic acidosis which can lead to severe diarrhea in humans.

Keywords: Berlinia grandiflora, diarrhea, fatty acids, metabolic acidosis, phytochemicals

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[2] L.S. Gill, Ethnomedicinal uses of plants in Nigeria,(University of Benin press, Nigeria, 1992), 65.
[3] J.U. Asuzu, O.C. Nwele and A.O. Anaga, The pharmacological activities of the stem bark methanolic extract of Berlinia grandiflora, Fitoterapia, 64(6), 1993, 529-534.
[4] C. Godwin,A. Josephs, P. Fidelis,B. Ching and A. C. Nnabuife, Investigation of the antimicrobial potentials ofsome phytochemical extracts of leaf and stembark of Berlinia grandiflora (Leguminoceae) Caesalpinioidae against pathogenic bacteria, African Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics1(3), 2012, 92-96.
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Abstract: This work is part of a group of laboratory experiments whose aim is to establish relations between everyday life and the teaching of chemistry by showing that knowledge of chemistry is not abstract, and is closely related to its surroundings. A bleach-solution with about 2% (by mass) sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was the theme chosen in view of its widely varied uses since its introduction for laundering and disinfection of clothing. The experiment consists of four phases: a) the evaluation of various kinds of commercial bleach; b) preparation of bleach in the laboratory from generated chlorine and bubbling it through a sodium hydroxide solution. At this stage two chlorine generator experiments are constructed;

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Abstract: Heavy metals discharge associated with industrial activities constitute serious environmental problems, most especially water pollution. Many materials have been identified for the adsorption of these heavy metals and chitosan, a derivative of natural polymer chitin, has been identified as one of such materials. This study was carried out to investigate the removal of chromium (VI) from chromate solution using chitosan from mussel shell, obtained from Gubi dam in Bauchi Nigeria. Chemical method was used to extract the chitosan from the chitin. The chitosan had degree of deacetylation (DDA) of 60.69% and 60.66% as calculated from elemental analysis and FTIR spectra of chitosan respectively and surface area of 2.77m2/g. The chitosan was used for removal of Cr6+from dichromate–deionised water solution with initial Cr6+ concentration of 0.62 mg of Cr6+ per litre of water and the adsorption isotherm established. Optimum chitosan dosage was found to be 2.5 g at 28oC with a Cr6+removal of 82.3%. The time required for equilibrium to be attained was 80 minutes for batch adsorption study. The Langmuir isotherm was the best fitted isotherm with an R2-value of 0.983. Keywords : Adsorption, Chitosan, Chromium, Isotherms, Mussel.

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Abstract: Batch experiments were carried out to determine the capacity of E. crasippes biomass to adsorb Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions with respect to contact time and initial concentration of Cd (II) ions, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data fitted well with the Freundlich model which implies that the adsorption was multilayer. The data was also subjected to Kinetic models and the pseudo-second-order model found to fit the data. The macrophyte biomass used in this study did not undergo any chemical modification or pretreatment, which when added to its abundance and its low cost make it a green alternative for the removal of Cd (II) ions from water and waste water.

Key words: Biosorption, Water hyacinth (E. crassipes), Heavy metal ions, Isotherms, Kinetics

[1]. Chojnacka, K. (2010). Biosorption and bioaccumulation-the prospects for practical applications. Environment International, 36, 299-307.
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Abstract: The effect of three different drying techniques (Sun drying at ambient temperature for 4 days, oven drying at 150 oC for 4 hours, and drying with electrical moisture analyzer stabilized at 70 oC for 1 day) on the mineral composition (i.e. Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P ) of three different green leafy vegetables (Moringa oleifera, Spinacea oleraceae and Vernonia amygdalina ) were studied. The results obtained showed that the different types of vegetables had an appreciable amount of minerals, though with varying concentration.

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Abstract: A novel potentiometric membrane sensor has been developed and optimized based on 3,5,13,15-tetramethyl-4,14-diethyl-2,6,12,16,21,22-hexaazatricyclo [15.3. I 1-17 I 7-11] dicosa-1,(21),2,5,7,19,11(22),12,15,17,19-decaene Manganese acetate ionophore in poly vinyl chloride matrix membrane (PVC) plasticized with o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) for high selective determination of nitrite ion. The sensor works well in a linear range: 1.0×10-6 – 1.0×10-1 M with a Nernstian slope of -59.8 ±0.1 mV/decade and its detection limit is 5.0×10-7 M. The sensor shows working range over the pH 2.0-9.5 and is stable for a period of 3 months with response time <10 s. The selectivity coefficient values as determined by fixed interference method indicate a good selectivity for ions over a wide variety of other tested anions.

Keywords: Sensor, Ion Selective Electrode, PVC, Potentiometry.

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Abstract: A novel potentiometric membrane sensor has been developed and optimized based on 3,5,13,15-tetramethyl-4,14-diethyl-2,6,12,16,21,22-hexaazatricyclo [15.3. I 1-17 I 7-11] dicosa-1,(21),2,5,7,19,11(22),12,15,17,19-decaene Cobalt Sulphate ionophore in poly vinyl chloride matrix membrane (PVC) plasticized with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), for high selective determination of iodide ion. The sensor works well in a linear range: 1.0×10-2 – 1.0×10-6 M with a Nernstian slope of -58.6 ±0.4 mV/decade and its detection limit is 8.0×10-7 M. The sensor shows working range over the pH 3.0-9.5 and stable for a period of 2 months with response time <15 s. The selectivity coefficient values as determined by fixed interference method indicate a good selectivity for ions over a wide variety of other tested anions.

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Abstract: A novel chelating resin containing diphenyl disulphide as a functional group, supported on poly-(ethylacrylate-acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene) was synthesized by suspension polymerization and characterized by elemental analysis, physico-chemical properties thermal studies, FTIR studies and scanning electron microscopy. With the help of batch equilibrium technique, the selectivity and binding capacities of chelating resin were measured towards certain metal ions in different electrolyte concentration, wide pH range and different time intervals. The maximum adsorption capacities of the resin for Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II) and Pb (II) were evaluated to be 24.27, 24.59, 24.02, 24.52, 23.94, 22.46 and 19.26 mg g-1 respectively at pH 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 3.5 and 5 respectively. With the help of chromatographic separations, the recoveries of Zn (II) and Cd (II) were found to be 99.05% and 98.68% respectively from their binary mixture. In case of ternary mixture of Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) the recoveries as obtained were 98.10%, 98.02% and 97.9% respectively. The synthesized resin was also used to recover Zn (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) from industrial wastewater samples each containing a single metal ion, and Cu (II) and Ni (II) from Printed Circuit Board (PCB) scrap.

Keywords: Chelating ion-exchange resin, sorption studies, column chromatography and elution.

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Abstract: The recent advancements in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have marked a significant milestone in the realm of material science, particularly in environmental and energy applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art developments in MOFs, focusing on their innovative applications in gas storage, carbon capture, water purification, energy storage, and conversion technologies. Through a meticulous analysis of the structural properties and functionalization strategies of MOFs, we explore how these porous materials offer unprecedented opportunities for addressing critical challenges in environmental sustainability and energy efficiency......

Keywords: Metal-Organic Frameworks, Environmental Remediation, Energy Storage, Gas Separation, Sustainable Technology.

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