Volume-7 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2014

Abstract: Synthesis of mesoporous carbon using gelatin as source of carbon by hard template technique (endotemplating) and its characterizations had been investigated. The mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a template was reacted with the gelatie in a H2SO4 solution. The template–polymer composite was then pyrolyzed under a nitrogen flow at 900 °C for 3 h to carbonize the polymer and finished by silica removal from the composite using NaOH solution at temperature of 70 °C The properties of samples were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transformation Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and Differential Thermal Analysis-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DTA-DSC). The results showed that the ordered mesoporous carbon was obtained after dehydration, pyrolysis and silica removal process. The presence of nitrogen atoms in the gelatin as the precursors of carbon improved the thermal stability of the carbon. The mesoporous carbon sample have high content of carbon (85 wt.%) and thermal stabliity (up to 1400 °C), specific surface areas of 580 m2/g, total pore volumes of 0,5 cm3/g, and pore diameter of 3,8 nm.
Keywords: gelatin, mesoporous silica, endotemplating, thermal stability, pore diameter, mesoporous carbon

[1] K. Laszlo, A. Bota, L.G. Nagy, Comparative adsorption study on carbons from 1965-1976 polimer precursors, Carbon, 2000, 38-44
[2] Y.N. Sazanov, V. Gribanov, Cocarbonization of polymers as a new concept for synthesis of carbon composites, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 79(3), 2006, 433-438.
[3] M. Blazso. Recent trends in analytical and applied pyrolysis of polymers, Jounal of Analysis and Applied Pyrolysis, 39(1), 1997, 1-25.
[4] S. Yenisoy-Karakas, A. Aygun, M. Gunes, Physical and chemical characteristics of polymer-based spherical activated carbon and its ability to absorb organics, Carbon, 42(4), 2004, 477-484.
[5] Z. Wang, Z. Lu, X. Huang, Chemical and cristalline structure characterizations of polyfurfuryl alcohol pyrolized at 600 °C, Carbon, 36, 1998, 51-59.

Abstract: The molecular structures of stearic acid and palmitic acid were simulated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G*basis set level with a view to compare their reactivity and stability based on some theoretically calculated parameters. The energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO of both fatty acids were found to be similar (7.76 eV) and independent of alkyl residue. The total energy (absolute values) of stearic acid was found to be higher than that of palmitic acid. Values of global hardness and softness indicate significant chemical reactivity and stability of both molecules. Spectroscopic investigation gives similar spectral positions while slight differences in dipole moment values suggests higher reactivity of palmitic acid than stearic acid.
Keywords: Chemical reactivity, DFT, palmitic acid, stability, stearic acid

[1]. Gunstone, F. D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007. ISBN 0849396883 | ISBN 978-0849396885
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Abstract: 3D QSAR viz. 3 descriptor quantitative structure and activity relationship studies for a series of compounds i.e. Schiff base derivatives using their semi-empirical quantum chemical descriptors and their laboratory reported activities against pathogen viz. .Colletotrichumfalcatum (ITCC 6656) have been carried out and reported in the present paper. Graphs between observed and predicted activities, both in the terms of p(MIC)cal and p(MIC) obs. are also being reported on the basis of which this may be concluded that some parameters/descriptors have positive contribution towards the activity. The method has been proved to be useful tool for such type of studies.
Key words: Semiempirical/3D-qsar/fungal pathogen/Schiff bases compounds

[1]. "Epidemiological typing of Bacillus sp.isolated from food", HediSchraf, Marina Steele, Bruce MaNab, Josef Odummaru and Mansel W. Griffiths, Application and Environmental microbiology,62(11), 4229-4232, (1996).
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Abstract: Phospholipids (PLs) are an important source of cell membrane in the bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. They are applied in nanotechnology, food technology and materials science. Hence, the present study was aimed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of PLs in the membrane of A. ferrooxidans by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, the A. ferrooxidans was grown well in both liquid (ferrous sulphate and sodium thiosulphate) and solid (sulfur) substrates. Further, the extracted and dried membrane PLs in liquid (ferrous sulphate and sodium thiosulphate) and solid (sulfur) substrate were successfully separated by both of the TLC and GC-MS. In the present study, the liquid substrate shows a high yield of PL content when compared to solid substrate. In addition, GC-MS analysis showed more compounds of PLs in liquid substrates than solid substrate. Collectively, among these different substrates, ferrous sulphate shows more yields of PLs when compare to sodium thiosulphate and sulfur. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that the ferrous sulphate could be considered as an efficient substrate for the growth of A. ferrooxidans and for the higher yield of compounds of PLs.
Keywords: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Phospholipids, Substrate, TLC, GC-MS.

[1] B. L. Peterson and B. S. Cummings A review of chromatographic methods for the assessment of phospholipids in biological
samples, Biomedical Chromatography, 20, 2006, 227–243.
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liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Journal of Separation Science, 27(12), 2004, 971–
976
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276.
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1969, 142-150.
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Microbiology Letters, 1989, 169-172.

Abstract: The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the strong base macroreticular resin, Ambersep 920U Cl developed by Rhom and Hass for uranium (VI) adsorption from high saline solutions have been determined using a synthetic uranium solution. The adsorption parameters including pH, contact time, initial uranium (VI) concentration, temperature, diverse ions and chloride concentration have been optimized. The physical parameters including the adsorption kinetics, the isotherm models and the thermodynamic data have also been determined to describe the nature of the uranium (VI) adsorption by the working resin Ambersep 920U Cl. The adsorption capacity of uranium (VI) upon the latter under the optimum conditions has been found to attain 50 mg/g. Almost complete desorption of the adsorbed uranium (VI) has successfully been achieved with either 1 M H2SO4 acid solution or else with 0.6 M Na2CO3 solution. The realized capacity of the working resin has been found to agree with both the pseudo second order reaction and the Langmuir isotherm.
Keywords: Ambersep 920U Cl, Uranium Recovery. Adsorption, Desorption

[1] J. Choi, J.Y. Lee, J.S. Yang, Biosorption of heavy metals and uranium by starfish and Pseudomonas putida, Hazardous Materials, 15, 2009, 157-162.
[2] N.E. Belkhouche, M.A. Didi, D. Villemin, Separation of nickel and copper by solvent extraction using Di-2 ethylhexylphosphoric acid-based synergistic mixture, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 23, 2005, 677-693.
[3] A. Kadous, M.A. Didi, D. Villemin, Extraction of Uranium (VI) using D2EHPA/TOPO based Supported Liquid Membrane, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 280, 2009, 157-165.
[4] O. Abderrahim, M.A. Didi, D. Villemin, Polyethylenimine Methylenephosphonic Acid for the solid phase sorption of lead (II), Analytical Letters, 42, 2009, 1233-1244.
[5] P. Metilda, K. Sanghamitra, J.M. Gladis, G.R.K. Naidu, T.P. Rao, Amberlite XAD-4 functionalized with succinic acid for the solid phase extractive preconcentration and separation of uranium (VI), Talanta, 65, 2005, 192–200.

Abstract: The inhibition of the corrosion of ZA-27 in 1M Na2SO4 by Quaternary ammoniu salts Benzyl tri methyl ammonium chloride(BTMAC) and Benzyl tri ethyl ammonium chloride(BTEAC) has been investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization. Results obtained in weight loss studies show that these investigated compounds are good inhibitors and their inhibition efficiencies (IE %) increase with the increase of inhibitor concentration, whereas decreases with increase in immersion time and temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization studies demonstrate the inhibitors under investigation act as mixed type inhibitors and inhibitors changes the mechanism of hydrogen evolution. Effect of temperature is studied between 303 and 333 K differing by 10K. The mechanism of adsorption had been explained on the basis of chemical structure of the investigated inhibitors. It was found that there is a good agreement between the different tested techniques.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Quaternary ammonium salts , ZA-27 alloy, Na2SO4 Potentio dynamic polarisation, Taffel extra polation , EIS techniques.

[1]. Manov S., Lamazouere A. M. and Aries L. (1999). J.Appl.Electrochem. 29, 995.
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Abstract: In this paper we report on the redox properties of amoxycillin , a broad spectrum anti biotic. on a bentonite modified working electrode. The CV obtained with ethanol is well defined and quasi reversible suggesting fast electrode kinetics. The oxidation peak in the case of water exhibits a shoulder at 0.195v and a well defined peak at 0.465v with a broad reduction peak approximated at 0.450v. In the case of ethanol, there is a single well defined oxidation peak at 0.480v and a well defined reduction peak at 0.330v. Interaction of amoxycillin with metal cations (co2+, pb2+, fe2+cu2+), amino acids- methionine, leucine arginine and with hydrocortisone and paracetamol was assessed. The results obtained confirm the interactions of amoxil with these chemical substances. The amoxil redox potential is altered or inhibited in certain cases. This is informative given that these substances are commonly used together with amoxil as part of a prescription, notwithstanding the fact that the amino acids are iimportant macromolecules in the human biochemical/physiological system. The UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis showed that, the absorbance of amoxil is a affected by electrolyte solution pH, probably an indication of the latter affecting the extent of conjugation in amoxil.
key words: amoxycillin (amoxil), antibiotic, bentonite, cyclic voltammetry

[1]. Blumberg P.M. And Strominger J. L., (1974), Interaction OfPenicillin With The Bacterial Cell: Penicillin – Binding Proteins And Penicillin – Sensitive Enzyme, Bact. Rev. 38, 291.
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Abstract: In this paper polypyrolle has been electrosynthesised from an aqueous media containing the pyrolle monomer and sulphuric acid as the supporting electrolyte. The redox properties of polypyrolle on carbon graphite working electrode and on a clay montmorillonite host matrix has also been reported. s of oxidative and reductive peak currents yield redox efficiencies above 95% for the polypyrolle redox process. The polypyrolle redox process is also shown to be diffusion limited. The reduction in the rate of electrodeposition of polypyrolle on a polyaniline loaded clay montmorillinite host-matrix, is a veiled confirmation of intercalation of the polyaniline in montmorillonite matrix.
KeyWords: Polypyrolle, Polyaniline, Electrosynthesised, Clay Montmorillonite (bentonite), Cyclicvoltammogram, Host matrix

[1]. Shirakawa H, Louis E.J., MacDiarmid A.G., Chiang C.K., Heeger A.J., 1977, Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x , J. Chem. So.c Chem. Commun., 579.
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[6]. Waltman R.J., Bargon J., and Diaz A.F., 1983, Electrochemical studies of some conducting polythiophene films, J.Phys. Chem., 87, 1459-1463.

Abstract: In this paper we report on the electrosynthesis of polythiophene from aqueous media with sulphuric acid as the supporting electrolyte. The redox features of polythiophene on a bare carbon graphite working electrode and on a clay montmorillonite host matrix is also reported. Co-polymerisation of polythiophene and polyaniline from an electrolyte media containing both aniline and thiophene monomers reveal that, the redox centres of the two polymers are independent, hence suggesting the formation of a bilayer, even though no charge rectification is observed.The role of sodium thiosulphate as a novel electrocatalyst which has led to a tremendous improvement in the polythiophene faradaic /redox process is also reported.
Key Words: Polythiophene, electronically conducting, clay montmorillonite (bentonite), electrocatalyst.

[1]. Abrissani C., Bongini A., Mastragostino M., Zanelli A., Barbarella G., Zambianchi M., 1995, Conductive electroactive polymers: intelligent polymer systems, Advanced materials, 7, 57.
[2]. Alcacer L., 1987, Conducting Polymers, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 20.
[3]. Andrieux C.P., Audebert P., Haipot P., Saveant J.M., 1991, Identification of the first steps of the electrochemical polymerization of pyrroles by means of fast potential step techniques, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 10158.
[4]. Ballav N., and Biswas M., 2004, A conducting nanocomposite via intercalative polymerization of thiophene in montmorilonite clay, Synthetic Metals, 142, 309-315.
[5]. Bard A.J. and Faulkner L.R., 1980, Electrochemical methods – Fundamentals and applications, John Wiley, New York, 199.
[6]. Beck F., and Barsch U., 1993, The role of water in the electrodeposition and doping of polythiophene and two of its derivatives, Makromol. Chem., 194, 2725.

Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the phytochemical and proximate analysis breadfruit leaves, seeds and barks Fresh leaves, seed and bark were collected and dried under room temperature for sixty days. The dried leaves, seed and the bark of the tree were grounded separately and put in different sterile bottle. It was found that the leaves, seed and bark of breadfruit contain some phytochemicals like essential oil, saponin, phenolic compound, sugar, flavours alkaloids and tannin except Amino acid that was absent. The result of the proximate analysis showed that the seed had higher content in terms of percentages in all parameters than the leaves and barks.
Key words: Phytochemical, proximate analysis, Artocarpusalitis

[1]. AACC (1983):- Approved methods of AACC method 30-258th edition Aner. Association cereal chemistry st.davil, MN.
[2]. Aguilera JM. And Lusas E.M (1986) laboratory and pilot extraction of extruded of high oil corn J. Aner oil them. Sod 63:239-243)
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Abstract: Back ground: Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal form of pregnancy divided in to two types; complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole. Detailed histopathologic examination remains to be the basis for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole (HM). However, poor sampling, necrosis, and earlier uterine evacuation can lead to uncertainty in the diagnosis. Also, the criteria are subjective, resulting in considerable interobserver variability.The P57KIP2 gene is paternally imprinted and maternally expressed, and the presence of its protein product serves as an adjuvant marker for the nuclear maternal genome. Because a complete HM is the only type of conceptus lacking a maternal contribution, P57 KIP2 immunostaining is correspondingly absent, whereas it is present in partial HM and normal pregnancy. Aim of The Study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of the P57KIP2 immunohistochemical marker in the diagnosis of complete and partial hydatidiform mole , and to compare the P57KIP2 immunohistochemical marker results with that of ordinary Hematoxylin and Eosin slides histopathology results, in addition to evaluation of the Tissue Microarray Technique Materials and Methods: Seventy cases of endometrial biopsies were obtained. Histologic evaluation of all cases was performed on routine sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and classified in complete and partial hydatidiform mole (30 each) and (10 cases) of normal product of pregnancy (abortion), and negative control slides were also used. These cases were collected during the period from December-2011 to Augest-2012. New technique is adopted in this research that is; Tissue microarray in which twelve small cores of representative tissue samples, each measure 3 mm in diameter sections from microarray block are cut using a microtome, mounted on a single microscope slide and then analyzed by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin, then another section made for the immunohistochemical staining with P57 KIP2 antibody

Key words: Hydatidiform mole, P57KIP2, Tissue Microarray

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[2]. Robin D. LeGallo, MD,1 Edward B. Stelow, MD,1 et al. " Diagnosis of Hydatidiform Moles Using p57 Immunohistochemistry and HER2 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization". Am J Clin Pathol;129(2008):749-755 .
[3]. Shakil H. Merchant, Mitual B. Amin, David S. Viswanatha, p57KIP2 immunohistochemistry in early molar pregnancies: emphasis on its complementary role in the differential diagnosis of hydropic abortuses Human Pathology (2005) 36, 180– 186.IVSL.
[4]. AA Mayun, AH Rafindadi, MS Shehu,et al. "Pathomorphology of molar gestation in Zaria", NMJ 2010 : 51, 1, : 1-4.
[5]. Ekpo M. D. Pathomorphology and clinical correlation of hydatidiform moles. FMCPath thesis. National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria. May 1988

Abstract: A kinetic study of oxidation of a potent local anaesthetic chloroprocaine hydrochloride by sodium N-halo-p-toluenesulfonamides (chloramine-T and bromamine-T) has been carried in HClO4 medium at 303 K. The rate shows a first-order dependence on both [oxidant]o, and [substrate]o, and a fractional-order dependence on acid concentration. Increase in the rate of reaction has been observed with decrease of dielectric constant of the medium by adding methanol. Variation of ionic strength and addition of p-toluenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and the activation parameters have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:3 and the oxidation products were identified by spectral analysis. The experimental results have been explained by probable mechanism and the associated rate law has been deduced.
Keywords: Oxidation-kinetics, local anaesthetics, chloroprocaine hydrochloride, chloramine-T, bromamine-T, acid medium

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Abstract: Alkyd resins are short branched polyester chains, formed by polycondensation of a di-basic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, in the presence of glyceride oil or oil derived fatty acid. The conventional glyceride oils< used for the production of alkyd resin are soya bean, and linseed oil. The most explored is the soya bean oil. Hence, this project explores the possibilities of substituting soya bean oil with beniseed oil for the production of alkyd resin. Alkyd resin was produced using beniseed oil as the source of glyceride oil. Beniseed oil extracted from sesame indicum seed was evaluated for its physicochemical properties. The extracted beniseed oil was converted into alkyd resin for use in surface coatings. The results of the analysis showed thatbeniseed oil has acid value 2.8mgKOH/g, free fatty acid (% Oleic) 1.40, Iodine value 120, density 0.925g/cm3, refractive index 1.4772. Analyses of the alkyd resin after dilution with kerosene showed the following results: Acid inde 8.6mgKOH/g;%Nonvolatile matter 70.4;Color(Gardner)14-15; Viscosity 140 poises;Density0.9902g/cm3,surface dry(70% solid) within 15 mins. The alkyd resin was found suitable in paint. Based on the results of the study, beniseed oil has shownpotential as a substitute for soya bean oil due to its high oil content and the high degree of unsaturation and consequent ability to polymerisation.
Keywords: Beniseed, alkyd resin, alchoholysis, esterification,condensation

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Abstract: Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HA) is an important biomaterial and is the principal inorganic constituent of bones and teeth. It is also used as implant in the human body. By this investigation, hydroxyapatite nanostructured (18-56 nm) powders were prepared using novel wet precipitation method with calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid solution as calcium and phosphorus precursors respectively. The Ca/P molar ratios of initial reagents are equal to 2.5. The HA filtered was dried at 90°C and calcined to different temperatures (300–1000°C). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy used to characterize the calcined powder. The calcination reveals HA nano-powders. The particle size and crystallinity increase with the temperature. We note the formation of CaO at 1000°C. The refinement of cells parameters was performed by Fullprof-suite program. Thermal analysis (TG–DTA) was carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the powder.
Key-Words: hydroxyapatite, chemical precipitation, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TG–DTA

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[5]. Kong, L.B., Ma, J. and Boey, F. 2002. Nano- sized hydroxyapatite powders derived from coprecipitation process. J. Mater. Sci. 37 : 1131-1134.
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