IOSR-JAP   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan. – Feb. 2022

ABSTRACT: Over the years the breakthrough in optical technology with liquid crystals as the major material has been of great interest. In this research we investigate the optical properties of coconut oil in the UV and NIR region with of view of finding a substitute for certain types of liquid crystals. The coconut oil was thermally tuned within the UV and NIR region and the responses were studied using the spectrophotometer. The coconut oil after heating at 80oC and then cooling down to 26oC showed a similar absorbance behavior when compared with MY(methyl yellow) and MR(methyl red) in 5CB liquid crystal at 1% wt. It was further shown that at 50oC the coconut oil showed a similar transmittance behavior compared with 5CB liquid crystal. This opens up the possibility of using the coconut oil as a substitute for 5CB liquid crystals within the UV and NIR regions respectively......

Keywords: coconut oil, liquid crystal, transmittance, absorbance, 5CB

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ABSTRACT: In comman ground, family is said to be the basic unit of the society. It is also clear that, the development of individual or human being inevitably passes through an excellent family integration. As a structure and an original and authentic order of the values and social norms transmission, the concept of family needs to be though out and rethought in order to improve its vital and space health. It the conceptions of family differ from one author to another,It is suggested in this abstract to examine the one of republic's author in the "scope of his essential taught''. As a result, the indicated article is aimed to restore this noble institut to the aimed of platonic's theriost..

Keywords: Basic unit-Development-Family-Individual-Integration- Norms-Society- Values.

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ABSTRACT: C-axis oriented ZnO thin films were grown on sapphire substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The structural and optical properties of the films were studied using XRD, SEM and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. Growth temperature and oxygen pressure are found to be very critical in obtaining a preferred c-axis oriented film with minimum point defects and low stress. PL studies reveal a decrease in the defect emission from films grown with increasing temperature and at higher growth pressure. The broad bluish green luminescence peak is likely to be due to the presence of native defects related to the zinc interstitials, oxygen vacancies and oxygen antisite defects at Zn sites in ZnO lattice. ZnO thin film having minimum defects (stress free and low concentration of defects) and highly c-axis orientation was obtained at 600°C and 5 Torr oxygen pressure.

Keywords: pulsed laser deposition, thin film, stress, point defects, photoluminescence

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ABSTRACT: The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrum and vibrating sample magnetometer. The XRD and FTIR results confirm the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure of pure and Ag/Cd doped cobalt ferrite with fd3-m phase group. SEM analysis of surface morphology revealed that some spherical and cubic shaped cobalt ferrite nano particles.........

Keywords: Silver Doped CoFe2O4; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrum and vibrating sample magnetometer.

[1]. S. Alone, et al., Chemical synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of nano-structured Co–Zn–Fe–Cr ferrite, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (16) (2011)5055–5060.
[2]. Zafar Q, Azmer M I, Al-Sehemi A G, Al-Assiri M S, Kalam A, Sulaiman K. Evaluation of humidity sensing properties of TMBHPETthin film embedded with spinel cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 2016; 18:186.
[3]. Alshehri S M, Alhabarah A N, Ahmed J, Naushad M, Ahmad T. An efficient and cost effective tri-functional electrocatalyst based on cobalt ferrite embedded nitrogen doped carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:1.
[4]. S. Munjal, et al., Water dispersible CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with improved colloidal stability for biomedical applications, J. Magn. Magn Mater. 404 (2016)166–169.
[5]. Kim D H, Nikles D E, Jhonson D T, Brazel C S. Heat generation of aqueously dispersed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as heating agents for magnetically activated drug delivery and hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater 2008; 320:2390.

ABSTRACT: Zinc selenide thin films were successfully deposited on a glass substrate at 333K and 353K using chemical bath technique by an aqueous mixture appropriate percusors to provide the needed Information Znic ion and selenide ion. The dye extracted from the leaf of zea maze (maize) plant was used to sensitize the film. Uv spectrophotometer was used in the optical analysis. Fourier infra red transform was used to determine the absorption peaks of the films corresponding to different functional groups. The phytochemical and FTIR analysis of the films revealed the presence of primary photoreceptors like phenol (O-H Strength, H-bonded), carotenoids and alkanoids (C-H.........

Keywords: Phytochemical, Extimction coefficient, chemical bath, FTIR, dye, Absorbance, UV– Spectrophotometer, Temperature and annealing

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[3]. Agbo, P. E. and Nwofe, P. A. (2015). Structural and Optical properties of Sulphurised Ag2S thin films. International journal of thin Films Science and Technology, 4, 9-12.
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[5]. Ben Joshua Robert, Nworie Ikechukwu and Agbo P.E (2022)."Effects of Dye on Selected Optical and Solid State Properties of ZNSE Thin Films for Applications in Solar Energy Harvesting Device."IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR JAP), 14(01), 2022, pp. 01-04..

ABSTRACT: This investigation was made to ascertain the metal contaminants in the effluents collected from textile and leather (tannery) industries in Kano, Nigeria. The chemical analysis of metallic parameters was conducted using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) technique. About twenty-eight (28) elements (metals) were determined from eight (8) samples collected from the industries, including soil for background value. The background loading factors of each component were determined by comparison of the elemental concentration with that of a typical soil collected from a non-industrial area within the same city. The values obtained were compared with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) limitation values to provide insight into the environmental and health implications of the effluents. The result showed that metals; Al, As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Zn exceeded the standard limit set by FMENV in textile industries while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Zn for the leather industries.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Textile, leather and effluents

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ABSTRACT: Background: The evolution of the concept of black hole entropy from the classical expression for a Schwarzschild black hole to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for a black hole at Planck scales is considered. Phase transitions of the multidimensional space of Calabi-Yau and its identification with a microscopic black hole are considered in the aspect of string and D-brane theory. Results: Using a K-functor, we calculated the topological invariant of a black hole, compressed into a point-like photon-type particle and obtained an equidistant set of energy levels of the final state.

Keywords: Calabi-Yau, K-functor, black hole

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ABSTRACT: Glass sample of Zinc Lithium CadmiumMagnesium Borophosphate(40-x) P2O5:10ZnO:10Li2O:10CdO:10MgO:20B2O3:xEu2O3. (where x=1,1.5,2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The absorption, fluorescence and ramanspectra of three Eu3+ doped zinc lithium cadmium magnesium borophosphateglasses have been recorded at room temperature. The various interaction parameters likeSlater-Condonparameters Fk (k=2,4,6),Lande′parameter (ξ4f),nephelauexetic ratio(β'),bondingparameter (b1/2)and Racah parametersEk(k=1,2 3) have been computed.Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and laser parameters have also been calculated.

Keywords: ZLCMBPglasses,Energy interaction parameters,Optical properties,Raman analysis

[1]. Kothandan, D.andKumar, R.J.(2015). Optical properties of rare earth doped borate glasses, Int. J. Chem. Tech. Research 8(6), 310-314.
[2]. Pawar, P. P.,Munishwar, S.R. and Gedam, R.S.(2016). Physical and optical properties of Dy3+/Pr3+ co-doped llithium borate glasses for W-LED, J.Alloys and Compounds, 660, 347-355.
[3]. Monisha,M.,Nancy, A.,Souza, D.,legde, V.,Prabhu, N.S. and Sayyed,M.I.(2020).Dy3+ doped SiO2- B2O3-Al2O3-NaF-ZnF2 glasses , An exploration of optical and gamma radiation shielding features, Current Applied Physics 20(11), 1207-1210.
[4]. Damodaraiah, S.,Prasad, V. R.,Lakshmi, R.P.V.andRatnakaram, Y.C.(2019). Luminescence behaviour and phonon sideband analysis of europium doped Bi2O3 based phosphate glasses for red emitting device applications, Opt. Mat. 92, 352-358.
[5]. Kaur, R., Khanna,A.(2020).Photoluminescence and thermal properties of trivalent ion-doped lanthanum tellurite anti- glass composite samples, J. Lum., 117375..

ABSTRACT: Lungs and heart are the significant restricting organ during radiotherapy (RT) lung cancer. This examination analyzed Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in diminishing the dose to lungs and heart. Methods: fifteen patients with non-small-cell lung cancer underwent through radiotherapy. The patients went through four-dimensional computed tomography(4D-CT) in a supine position. The gross target volume (GTV) was characterized as the representation of any gross tumor and lymph nodes included. The CTV was characterized as the potential microscopic diseases surrounding the GTV. The PTV was made by growing the CTV by.....

Keywords: volumetric modulated arc therapy intensity-modulated radiation therapy, radiotherapy, peripheral lung cancer.

[1]. Burnet, N. G., et al. "Practical aspects of implementation of helical tomotherapy for intensity-modulated and image-guided radiotherapy." Clinical Oncology 22.4 (2010): 294-312.
[2]. Studenski, Matthew T., et al. "Clinical experience transitioning from IMRT to VMAT for head and neck cancer." Medical Dosimetry 38.2 (2013): 171-175.
[3]. Pirzkall, Andrea, et al. "Comparison of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with conventional conformal radiotherapy for complex-shaped tumors." International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 48.5 (2000): 1371-1380.
[4]. Weber, Damien C., et al. "Proton therapy for brain tumours in the area of evidence-based medicine." The British journal of radiology 93.1107 (2020): 20190237.
[5]. Holt, Andrea, et al. "Multi-institutional comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer: a planning study." Radiation oncology 8.1 (2013): 1-11..

ABSTRACT: solid electrolyte system of chemical compositions (100-x) NaNO3- xAl2O3 (where x=0.0, 10,15, and 20 mole%) were prepared by fast evaporation technique. The synthesized electrolytes were characterized and investigated through AC conductivity and dielectric studies. AC conductivity was studied at high frequency and temperature up to 250oC depends on the Tg. The conductivity of the pure sample was found good and it was increased with the dopant molar content Al2O3. AC conductivity varied upto three orders in the low frequency region for most of the samples and in the high frequency range it varied upto two orders. Cole-Cole impedance plots have shown semicircular patterns. The bulk resistance was decreased with increasing doping concentration which is an indication of increasing trend of conductivity.

Keywords: AC conductivity, Cole-Cole plots, fast evaporation, bulk resistance

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