IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

ABSTRACT: Agricultural production is threatened by population growth, shrinking arable land and water scarcity under the impact of climate change. To ensure growing food security, sustainable agricultural innovations are needed to meet future food needs. New agricultural systems will need to evolve in such a way as to improve water productivity for its efficient use to ensure nutrition and food security while ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production. Although aquaculture uses non-consumptive water, in addition, global climate change is affecting the availability of water for both aquaculture and agriculture, which in turn affects the production of food needed to ensure food security. Due to the water scarcity experienced by Morocco, a country with a semi-arid climate, it is necessary to research new......

Key Word: Agriculture, Irrigation, Aquaculture, Climate change, Food Security, Sustainability, Water.

[1]. Fedoroff, N.V., Battisti, D.S., Beachy, R.N., Cooper, P.J.M., Fischhoff, D.A., Hodges, C.N., Knauf, v.C., Lobell, D., Mazur, B.J., Molden, D., Reynolds, M.P., Ronald, P.C., Rosegrant, M.W., Sanchez, P.A., Vonshak, A., Zhu, J.K., 2010. Radically rethinking agriculture for the 21st century. Science 327, 833-834. [2]. FAO. (2016). The state of food and agriculture: Climate change, agriculture and food security. Rome, Italy: Author. ISBN 978-92-5-109374-0. [3]. FAO. (2020a). The State of Food and Agriculture 2020. Overcoming water challenges in agriculture. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1447en. [4]. McCartney, M. P., Whiting, L., Makin, I., Lankford, B. A., and Ringler, C. (2019). Rethinking irrigation modernisation: realising multiple objectives through the [ integration of fisheries. Mar. Freshw. Res. 70, 1265–1273. doi: 10.1071/MF19161. [5]. Giovannucci, D., Scherr, S.J., Nierenberg, D., Hebebrand, C., Shapiro, J., Milder, J., Wheeler, K. 2012. Food and Agriculture: The Future of Sustainability: Sustainable Development in the 21st Century. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division of Sustainable Development. New York

ABSTRACT: A smart crop-livestock production system is becoming increasingly proposed and promoted as a mean to help agro-pastoralists in resilience building capacity. In addition, climate change adaptation packages have also been disseminated amongst agro-pastoralists. However, little is relatively known about the optimal combination of climate change adaptation strategies capable of enhancing agro-pastoralists' welfare. Based on synthesis of previous studies and survey with agro-pastoralists, thirteen endogenous and thirteen exogenous climate change strategies were identified and included in this study. We use best worst scaling approach (BWS) to design questionnaire served to collect data from 271 agro-pastoralists assigned to endogenous strategies and 281 assigned to exogenous ones. For each question, respondents were asked to choose his most important and his least important climate change adaptation strategies. While these repeated choice series are consistent with random utility theory, the mixed logit model......

Key Word: Agro-pastoralists, climate change adaptation, strategies, best worst scaling

[1]. Adger, W.N., Lorenzoni, I. and O'Brien, K(2009) Adapting to climate change: Thresholds, values, governance, Cambridge University Press, New York.
[2]. Climate Commission for the Sahel Region held in Niamey 2019.
[3]. Depledge, M.H., Tyrrell, J., Fleming, L.E. and Holgate, S.T ( 2013) Are marine environmental pollutants influencing global patterns of human disease?', Marine Environmental Research 83, 93–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres. 2012.10.003
[4]. Eriksen, S., Aldunce, P., Bahinipati, C.S., Martins, R.D., Molefe, J.I., Nhemachena, C. et al(
[5]. 2011) When not every response to climate change is a good one: Identifying principles for sustainable adaptation, Climate and Development 3, 7–20. https:// doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0060

ABSTRACT: In this review paper, shifting cultivation and different related aspects and approaches are discussed elaborately with the data from research works carried on shifting cultivation practices in different regions of the Asia. In recent years, many modifications in the traditional shifting cultivation were developed by cultivators
themselves which are sustainable and environmental friendly. Shifting cultivation is a primitive and traditional land resource management practice in which fields are shifted, mostly annually, in order to exploit the energy and nutrient capital of the natural vegetation and soil of the site. The operations involved in this practice are
closely related with the religion, right and festival of the tribal people from the beginning and hence, it remained as a part and parcel of their socio-cultural life. About 500 million people, 3000 ethnic groups and approximately 2.9 billion hectares of land are under shifting cultivation practice in the world. An ever increasing population pressure caused shortening of fallow cycles, frequent deforestation, repeated burning and cleaning of vegetations from slope in hills......

Key Word: Shifting cultivation, ecological, environmental, productivity, modification sustainable etc

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[5]. Warner, K. 1991. Shifting Cultivators: Local and Technical Knowledge and Natural Resource Management in the Humid Tropics. Community Forestry Note 8. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

ABSTRACT: The effects of different boron doses (boron-free, pure boro, boron diluted in 1/2 and 1/8 ratios) on the ratio and quality of essential oil in medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) during the years 2016 and 2017 were investigated. Field trials were conducted with the randomized block design in triplicates. The essential oil of S. officinalis L. was obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with flame ionization detection (FID). Besides, different boron doses (boron-free, 1/2 diluted, 1/8 diluted doses) had a positive effect on the essential oil yield and essential oil components. The required measurement could not be taken in the pure dose application because the plants were damaged. In the analysis carried out on dry leaf, the main components of essential oil were found as follows: α-thujone 32.99%; 1.8-cineol 17.41% for the boron-free dose; viridiflorol 24.25%, manool 15.28% for the 1/2 boron dose, and lastly, α-thujone 32.31%, camphor 14.23% for the 1/8 boron dose. In this study....

Key Word: Boron; GC–MS; Medical sage; Natural fertilizer; Viridiflorold

[1]. KHC Baser, T Ozek, B Yıldız, Z Bahcecıoglu, G, "Tumen Composition of the essentia oil of Nepeta fissa CA Meyer". The Journal 12: 27-28, 2000.
[2]. M Brdar-Jokanović, "Boron Toxicity and Deficiency in Agricultural Plants", International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21:1424, 2020.
[3]. A Ceylan, E Bayram, N Kaya, H Otan, "A Study on the Identification of the Chemotypes of Melissa officinalis L., Origanum onites L., and Salvia triloba L. species in the Agean Region of Turkey and their Cultivation", TÜBİTAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) Project Report TOAG-788, 1994.
[4]. C Cheng, B "Rerkasem Effects of boron on pollen viability in wheat", Plant and Soil 155: 313-315, 1993.
[5]. S Ekren, C Sonmez, S Sancaktaroglu, E Bayram, "The Effect of Different Harvesting Heights on The Agronomical and Technological Properties of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Genotypes", Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University, 44 : 55-70, 2007.

ABSTRACT: Background: In Tunisia, as in all arid and semi-arid zones, water scarcity is one of the main factors limiting agricultural production. Faced with the need to preserve water resources and increase agricultural production due to an ever-growing population, it becomes imperative to focus on the productivity of irrigated crops.However, there are still some gaps with respect to crop water use efficiency and productivity. In this work, the inter relationship between crop yield, water consumption and water use efficiency were determined for field grown tomato crop grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions.The established relationships were usedto search for an irrigation management approach aimed at maximizing the productivity of field grownTomato Crop.......

Key Word:irrigation, yield, water use efficiency, tomato crop, crop model.

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ABSTRACT: ....

Keywords:Cumulus cells, goat, morphometry, oocyte, ovary.

[1]. Adigwe, P.I. and Fayemi, O. 2005. A Biometric study of the reproductive tract of the Red, Sokoto (Maradi) goats of Nigeria. Pakistan Vet. J. 25(3): 149-150.
[2]. Asad, L., Rahman, A.N.M.I., Hossain, M.M. and Akter, M. 2016. Ovarian category, follicles and oocytes analysis of Goat ovaries in view of in vitro production of embryos. Intl. J. Anim. Res. 1 (1): 27-34.
[3]. Haque, S.A.M., Khandoker, M.A.M.Y., Kabiraj, S.K., Asad, L.Y., Fakruzzaman, M. and Tareq, K.M.A.2012. Effect of goat follicular fluid on in vitro production of embryos in black Bengal goats. Iran. J. App. Anim. Sci. 2(3): 287-294.
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ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world, and it represents a great threat to human and animal health. In Mexico, several years ago brucellosis occurs in both rural and urban population, both sexes, economically active. The aim of this study was to determine the sources of pollution and risk vehicles to apply a strategy of basic sanitation in the prevention of human brucellosis in the Comarca Lagunera Region, state of Durango and Coahuila, Mexico. Was performed, taking 300 samples of milk, cheese, cream, butter or any food that is made with unpasteurized milk or are of dubious origin. For each case, cultures were 5 milk, cheese, cream, water and foods made with dairy products and if necessary, could be carried out dog stool culture. Was isolated from the genus Brucella samples mainly dairy cheese and cream for human consumption, so that these remain a risk factor, of the 300 samples tested, 36 were......

[1]. Ullah Q, Jamil T, Melzer F, Saqib M, Hussain MH, Aslam MA, Jamil H, Iqbal MA, Tahir U, Ullah S, Qureshi ZI, Neubauer H. 2020. Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors for Brucellosis in Small Ruminants Kept at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7
[2]. Ocampo-Sosa AA, Garcia-Lobo JM. 2008. Demonstration of IS711 transposition in Brucella ovis and Brucella pinnipedialis. BMC Microbiol 8: 17
[3]. Gopaul KK, Koylass MS, Smith CJ, Whatmore AM. 2008. Rapid identification of Brucella isolates to the species level by real time PCR based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. BMC Microbiol 8: 86
[4]. González D, Grillo MJ, De Miguel MJ, Ali T, Arce-Gorvel V, Delrue R-M, Conde-Álvarez R, Muñoz P, López-Goñi I, Iriarte M, Marín C-M, Weintraub A, Widmalm G, Zygmunt M, Letesson J-J, Gorvel J-P, Blasco JM, Moriyon I. 2008. Brucellosis vaccines: assessment of Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide rough mutants defective in core and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. PLoS ONE 3: e2760
[5]. Castro HA, Sofia Raquel Gonzalez y María Inés Prat. 2005. Brucelosis: una revisión práctica. Acta Bioquímica Clínica Latinoamericana 39: 203

ABSTRACT: Thestudy analyses the technicalefficiency and itsdeterminants in soybean production, applying a Cobb-Douglas stochasticfrontier production model on survey data collectedfrom 79 soybeangrowinghouseholds in Mpongwe district of Zambia. The resultindicatepresence of inefficiencies in soybean production in the area. The efficiencyrangedfrom 5.82% to 85.7% with a mean of 50.3%. This impliesthat a chance exists for improvingsoybean output by 49.7% fromusingexistingresources and technology in the study area. The inefficiency model results show thatlevel of education, household size, extension contact, and market distance tend to increasetechnicalinefficiencylevelamong the soybeanfarmers. On the other hand, herbicide usage has significantnegativeeffects on technicalinefficiency of smallholdersoybean production in the study area. This studyrecommendsthatgovernmentneeds to enhanceaccess to extension services, herbicides and improvedseed, and improve feeder roads, to help farmersimprovetheirtechnicalefficiency in the study area.

Key Word: Technicalefficiency, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Cobb-Douglas Production Function, Soybean, smallholder, Zambia

[1]. Lubungu, M., Burke, W., and Sitko, N.J. Challenges of Smallholder Soybean Production and Commercialization in eastern Province of Zambia. IAPRI Policy Brief No. 62. November, Lusaka. Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute, 2013.
[2]. IAPRI. Agriculture Status Report 2017. Lusaka. Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute (IAPRI), Lusaka, Zambia. 2017.
[3]. Etwire,P.M; Martey, E.; Dogbe, W. Technical efficiency of soybean farms and its determinants in Saboba and Chereponi Districts of Northern Ghana: A stochastic frontier approach. Sustain. Agric. Res. 2013 2: 106-116.
[4]. Chiona, S.; Kalinda, T.; Tembo, G. Stochastic frontier analysis of the technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Central Province, Zambia. J. Agric. Sci. 2014. 6:108-118.
[5]. Kabwe, M. Assessing technical, allocative and economic efficiency of smallholder maize producers using the stochastic frontier approach in Chongwe District, Zambia. Masters of Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 2012

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study is to find out the materials, methods and counseling media used in rubber farming counseling program; to know the adoption rate of rubber farming technology; to know the influence of age, education, farming experience, rubber farming area, income, workers in the family on the adoption of rubber farming technology. The research was conducted in September 2018 until December 2018, in Patangkep Tutui District, East Barito Regency. The population of the study was all rubber farmers and agricultural counselors in the sub-district, in total of 775 farmers and 6 counselors. 83 farmerswere taken from the population as sample of the study and 4 agricultural counselorswere taken by using the simple random method according to Nasir (1983) who suggested a minimum of 10% of the population......

Keywords: Technology Adoption, Rubber Farming, Patangkep Tutui

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