IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

ABSTRACT: Welia is a rocky land management system in red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. It is implemented based on local community wisdom. This system is thought to minimize impact of land burning in the form of vegetation loss. This happened at the slash and burn system in conventional farming activities. This study aimed to study vegetation management based on local wisdom in the welia system which affects soil and plant systems. The research was conducted in the Wakatobi archipelago, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Primary data were obtained through observation, interviews, microclimate measurements, and analysis of soil samples. Secondary data were......

Key Word: local wisdom, vegetation, wakatobi, welia.

[1]. Arafah, N., Darusman, D., Suharjito, D., and Sundawati, L. 2011. Kaindea: The Dynamics of Customary Forest Management in Small Islands (Case Study of Wangi-Wangi Island, Wakatobi Regency). Journal of Forestry Sciences. Vol. V (1): 30-39. UGM Forestry Faculty, Yogyakarta.
[2]. Assogbadjo, A. E., Kakaï, R. G., Vodouhê, F. G., Djagoun, C. A. M. S., Codjia, J. T. C., and Sinsin, B. 2012. Biodiversity and Socioeconomic Factors Supporting Farmers' Choice of Wild Edible Trees in the Agroforestry Systems of Benin (West Africa). Forest Policy and Economics, 14 (1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.07.013.
[3]. Bachev, H., B. Ivanov, D. Toteva and E. Sokolova, 2017.Agrarian sustainability in Bulgaria – economic, social and ecological aspects.Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 23 (4): 519–525
[4]. -------------, B. Ivanov, and D. Toteva, 2019.Assessment of sustainabilityagro-ecosystems in Bulgaria.Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(4), 607–624
[5]. Barrios, E. Delve, R.J., Bekunda, M., Mowo, J., Agunda, J., Ramisch, J., Trejo, M.T and Thomas, R.J. 2006. Indicators of soil quality: A South-South development of a methodological guide for linking local and technical knowledge. Goederma xx (2006) xxx – xxx.doi: 10.1016 / j.geoderma.2005.12.007.

ABSTRACT: Back ground: This study was conducted in an high densify population area of the Sahel, which undergone the perverse effects of climate change and variability. The main objective is to explore, analyze and quantify the recent landscape dynamics of this area. Material and methods: The methods of landscape ecology analysis associated with remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied to the landscape units of the municipalities of Aguié and Ibohamane. The two areas were chosen according to their high demographic density, the level of the geomorphological contrast which is monotonous (sandy plateau dune) for the first and well contrasted (vast sandstone plateaus cut by deep valleys) for the second and their latitudinal North-South gradient position's. Results:The lands cover change maps drawn up in ten-year intervals, coupled with correlation tests have concluded that there has been a trend in the improvement of wood cover in the two municipalities over the past four decades compared to that of 1975, the......

Keywords: dynamics, landscape, structure, map, fragmentation, anthropized areas

[1]. Alfred, E., "Land Use Change in the Tropics and Its Effect on Soil Fertility‟, in Soil Solutions for a Changing World (presented at the 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane: Published on DVD, 2010)
[2]. Baggnian, I., "Résilience des agroécosystèmes au Sahel : analyse du reverdissement dans le centre Sud du Niger‟ (unpublished Doctorat unique, Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, 2014)
[3]. Barima, Y. S. S., N. Barbier, I. Bamba, D. Traoré, J. Lejoly, and J. Bogaert, "Dynamique Paysagère En Milieu de Transition Forêt-Savane Ivoirienne‟, Bois et Forêts Des Tropiques, 229.1 (2009), 11
[4]. Biga, I., A. Amani, I. Soumana, M. Bachir, and A. Mahamane, "Dynamique Spatio-Temporelle de l‟occupation Des Sols Des Communes de Torodi, Gothèye et Tagazar de La Région de Tillabéry Au Niger‟, Int J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 14.3 (2020), 949–65
[5]. Bogaert, J., R. Ceulmans, and E. D. Salvador-Van, "Decision Tree Algorithm for Detection of Spatial Processes in Landscape‟, Environ. Manage, 33 (2004), 62–73

ABSTRACT: Résumé: Le colza de printemps (BrassicanapusL.) est une nouvelle et prometteuse culture oléagineuse pour de nombreuses régions de Tunisie. Il est généralement cultivé comme une tête d'assolement comprenant le blé et l'orge vu son importance dans l'amélioration des sols cultivés. L'introduction de la culture du colza oléagineux en Tunisie est liée à des considérations d'ordre d'importance économique, biologique et technique. Ce travail de recherche ait comme objectif de répondre à un besoin imminent d'ajustement de la fertilisation azotée au niveau du paquet technique sur quatre variétés de colza oléagineux (Trapper, Solar, Jura et PR45H72). L'évaluation a été basée sur des paramètres agro-morphologique et qualitatif à savoir le nombre des siliques par plante, le nombre des graines par siliques, le poids de mille grains, le rendement en grains, la teneur en huile des graines et le taux de cendre des......

Key Word: Colza (Brassica napusL.);Fertilisationazotée; Performance; Rendement..

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ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of herbicides in controlling weeds is largely determined by the type and dose of herbicide. This study aim to obtain the types and doses of herbicides to control weeds in soybean plants. The types of herbicides used were: oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin, whereas the used doses were: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 kg a.i ha-1. The research was designed as a randomized block design with a bifactorial pattern. The observed variables were: leaf area width, dry root weight and dry plant weight. The results indicated that the herbicide dose of 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 is capable of increasing leaf area width, dry root weight and dry plant weight.

Key words: soybean, herbicide, oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin.

[1]. Chandraker AK, Paikra PR. Effect of integrated weed management on weed dynamics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under chhattisgarh plain. Indian J. Agricultural Research. 2015; 49(1):53-58.
[2]. Horneburg B, Seiffert S, Schmidt J, Messmer MM, Wilbois KP. Weed tolerance in soybean: a direct selection system. Plant Breed 2017, 136:372–378.
[3]. Faqihhudin MD. Efek samping penggunaan herbisida IPA-Glifosat terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan residu pada jagung. Thesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 2014
[4]. Hasanuddin, Erida G, Safmaneli. Pengaruh persaingan gulma Synedrella nodiflora L. Gaertn. pada berbagai densitas terhadap pertumbuhan hasil kedelai. J. Agrista. 2012; 16(3):146-152.
[5]. Swanton CJ, Shrestha A, Clements DR, Booth BD, Chandler K. Evaluation of alternative weed management systems in a modified no-tillage corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation: weed densities, crop yield, and economics. Weed Sci. 2002; 50:504-511

ABSTRACT: One of the basic requirements in the design of the drip irrigation system is to obtain more information about the shape and size of the wetted soil zone. In order to determine the optimum irrigation water, it is necessary to know the moisture values along the soil profile. In field conditions, determining the water movement or soil moisture along the desired soil profile is quite laborious and time consuming. In recent years, it is easy to model the moisture change in the soil profile with computer models. This study was carried out to determine the moisture movement in the soil profile with the HYDRUS-2D\3D program using 2 different dripper flow rates (2 and 4 L s-1) in drip irrigation method. In the study; the moisture distribution in the soil profile was determined by gravimetric method before, during, at the end of irrigation and 24, 48, 72 hours after irrigation. As a result of the study, it was determined...

Keywords: Drip irrigation, HYDRUS-2D\3D, Modeling, Flow rate

[1]. Badni, N., Hamoudi, S., Alazba, A.A. and Elnesr, M.N., 2018. Simulations of Soil Moisture Distribution Patterns Between Two Simultaneously Working Surface Drippers Using HYDRUS-2D\3D Model. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET),Vol 10 No 2 Apr-May.
[2]. Çetin, Ö., Köksal, E.S. veTar , A.F., 2013. Fundamental Approaches to Plant Water Consumption and Irrigation Water Calculation in Drip Irrigation. Ankara
[3]. Cote, C. M. and Bristow, K.L., 2003. Analysis Of Soil Wetting And Solute Transport In Subsurface Trickle Irrigation.Irrig. Sci, Vol 22, pp143–156.
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[5]. Lazarovitch, N., Warrick, A.W., Furman, A. and Simunek, J., 2007. Subsurface Water Distribution From Drip Irrigation Described By Moment Analyses. Vadose Zone. J,Vol 6 (1), pp116–123.

ABSTRACT: The study investigated the heavy metals content of T. occidentalisgrown in Uzere oil bearing community. The Research station Uzere was mapped out into research stations corresponding to the quarters that make up the community. From each of the research stations, T occidentalis samples were collected from five (5) sampling spots, bulked, a composite drawn, wrapped in absorbent paper, properly labelled and taken to the laboratory. The analytical standards adopted were APHA and USEPA and the analytical instruments deployed was Agilent atomic absorption spectrophotometer 240A. The results obtained were: V: 1.63±0.20mg/kg, Fe: 13.39±0.13 mg/kg, Ni: 2.45±0.03 mg/kg, Pb: 0.86±0.03 mg/kg and Cd: 0.55±0.01 mg/kg. The results of the heavy metals concentration were subjected to test of significance with numerator 4 and denominator.........

Keywords: Oil production; heavy metals; Teiferaoccidentlis; bioaccumulation.

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ABSTRACT: A study was carried out between at November of 2019 in Franceville in south-eastern Gabon, on the feeding behavior of cattle and the evaluation of the chemical composition of the fodder consumed, in the rainy season. Also, 3 cows of comparable age and weight were followed in their search for feed. A pre-observation period of 15 days was necessary to identify the various grazing sites and the plant species sampled. Data collection carried out per day was repeated over 5 days for each cow. Therefore, food preference was assessed based on the frequency of grazing of a species between the gripping and stopping grazing phases. The grazing time was estimated using a stopwatch started at the start and stopped at the end of a sampling of one or part of the identified plant. In addition, forage samples were taken from the various sites along the route and then mixed by species. Then, a representative sample of 500g per species was taken, dried, crushed and brought to the biochemistry laboratory for chemical composition evaluation.......

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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of vaccination against Newcastle disease using I-2 thermo stable vaccine, on the productivity of free range chicken. It was carried out in Bulyansiime village, Iganga District, Uganda. A baseline survey was conducted to determine the serological status and flock dynamics of the free range chicken. This was followed by blood sample collection and vaccination of adult birds after every 3 months for a period of one year. Haemagglutination Inhibition tests were performed on serum samples derived from blood collected, to determine the level of antibody titers against New Castle Disease Virus. Flock production data per household was recorded alongside the vaccination and blood sample collection exercise. Flock production data......

[1]. Albano O M, Komba E V G and Rutashobya C T M 2012 Adoption of I2 Vaccine in Immunization of Village Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus in Southern Tanzania: Immune Status of Farmer Vaccinated Birds, Journal of Agricultural Science, 4 (4): 23, Tanzania, http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n4p23
[2]. Alders R G 2002 Strategies for vaccination of family Poultry against New Castle disease in Africa; Characteristics and parameters of family poultry production in Africa, Results of a FAO/IAEA coordinated Research Programme on Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vaccination Strategies against New Castle disease and Gumboro disease using Immunoassay based Technologies for increasing Farmyard Poultry Production in Africa, Rome.
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ABSTRACT: Pregnancy is an active and highly regulated immunological process: for 9 months, the mother's body must bear a fetus of which half of the genetic capital is that of its father. It is a state of semi-allogeneic transplant. It should therefore be recognized as a foreign body by the maternal immune system, but this is not the case: many changes take place so that it can tolerate the fetus, and that it is protected during the 9 months of gestation. The placenta and the maternal immune system are closely linked to create a tolerant environment for the unborn child. The backbone of all of these changes is the trophoblast, which is the main cell that makes up the placenta. The innate immune system is at the forefront: Natural Killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Sucking leads to stimulation of the areolo-mammary......

Keywords: endocrine, immune, pregnancy, lactation, female

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