IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

ABSTRACT: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the plantation commodities in Indonesia which has an important role in the national economy to increase the country's foreign exchanges. Aceh Province ranks first in Indonesia as a cacao production centre, however, pod rot disease caused by Phytotora palmivora is still a major problem in cacao productivity. The research was conductedstarted from April 2019 until February 2020 in Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology and Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The research was based on descriptive exploratory method and experimental method. The research was conducted as a non- factorial CompletelyRandomized Design (CRD) and a non- factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) . The evaluated factors were 7 rhizobacterial........

Keywords: antagonism, pathogen, extracellular, physiological, enzyme

[1]. Manalu, R. Processing of cocoa beans produced by smallholders to increase farmers' income. Journal of Economics & Public Policy, 2018; 9 (2): 99 - 111. [2]. Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistika). Indonesian Plantation Statistics. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics; 2017 [3]. Rosmana, A,. Waniada, C. Junaid, M.Grassa, A. 2010. Role of Iridomyrmex cordatus Ant (Hyminoptera: Formicidae) in Spreading Cocoa Pod Rot Pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. Pelita Perkebunan. 2010; 26 (3): 169-176. [4]. Acebo-Guerrero Y, Hernandez-Rodriguez A, Heydrich-Perez M, El-Jaziri M, Hernandez-Lauzardo AN. Management of black pod rotten in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): a review. Podss. 2012; 67:41-48. doi: 10.1051/podss/2011065. [5]. BilesC.L., B.D. Bruton,M.M. Wall, , and M. Rivas. Phytophthora capsici zoospore infection of pepper fruit in variuos physical environments. Pro. Okla. Acad. 1995; 75: 1-5.

ABSTRACT: Background: Barito Kuala Regency is a rice production center in South Kalimantan Province. Almost all of the farmers cultivate rice as the main commodity in their farming. For farmers with rice monoculture farming, it is difficult to increase their income or family welfare. One solution for farmers to increase income in order to improve the standard of living and welfare of their families is to cultivate various branches of farming that complement each other in their farming, by utilizing limited resources optimally. This research conducted with the aim of analyzing (1) analyze the amount of farming costs and income obtained ; (2) determine the combination of farming branches that can provide maximum income for farmers; (3) compare the amount of income obtained between the optimal combination of farming branches and the actual combination of farming branches..........

Keywords: Optimization, linear program analysis, tidal land, combination of farming branches

[1]. Agnes, Anita dan Made Antara. 2017. Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Sunju Kecamatan Marawola Kabupaten Sigi. Jurnal Agrotekbis. Volume 5. Nomor 1 : 86 – 91.
[2]. Akram, A. Sahari, A. I Jaya. 2016. Optimalisasi Produksi Roti Dengan Menggunakan Metode Branch And Bound ( Studi Kasus Pada Pabrik Roti Syariah Bakery, Jl. Maleo, Lrg.VIII No. 68 Palu). Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Terapan. Volume 13. Nomor 2 : 98 – 107.
[3]. Asri, MSW and W. Widayat. 1981. Get to know Linear Programming and Computers. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Economics, Gadjah Mada University.
[4]. Central Bureau of Statistics of Barito Kuala Regency. 2020.Barito Kuala Regency in Figures 2020. Barito Kuala Regency: BPS Barito Kuala
[5]. Kasim, Syarifudin, A. 2006. Agricultural Science. Banjarbaru: Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Unlam, Banjarbaru

ABSTRACT: Field studies were undertaken at the Teaching and Research Farm, KNUST, in 2007 and 2008 to determine the effect of weeding and plant density on some yield attributes of Chinese Shitaochivariety of groundnut. The treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Groundnut seeds were planted at 250,000 plants/ha, 111,111 plants/ha and 74,740 plants/ha. Weeding levels included control (no weeding), weeding at 2-3 weeks after planting, weeding at 3-4 weeks after planting and weed-free. Dependent variables measured were number of seeds per pod, shelling percentage and hundred-seed weight.Weeding and plant density did not affect number of seeds per pod. Plant density did not affect hundred seed weight, but weeding significantly affected it in the major season......

Keywords: groundnut, local variety, weeding, plant density, rain-fed conditions

[1]. Akobundu, I.O. (1987). Weed science in the tropics, John Wiley and Sons Limited, Britain.
[2]. Borget, M. (1992). Tropical Agriculturalist: Food Legumes. CTA Macmillan. 103pp.
[3]. Donald, C.M. (1963). The interaction of competition for light and nutrients. Aust. J. agric. Res., 9:421-435.
[4]. Frimpong, A., Padi, F.K. and Kombiok, J. (2006) (SARI). Registration of Foliar Disease Resistant and High-Yielding Groundnut Varieties ICGV 92099 and ICGV 90084.
[5]. Gregory, W.C., Krapovickas, A. and Gregory, M.P. (1980). Structure, variation, evolution and classification in Arachis. In: Advances in Legume Science, R.J. Summerfield and A.H. Bunting, pp. 469-81. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
[6]. Kings, J.L. (1966). Weeds of the world. London Leavnard Hill Inter Science pub. Inc, New York.

ABSTRACT: Background: Heavy metals refer to any metallic element which has relatively high density and toxic even at low concentration. The epidemic of children deaths and other health difficulties in some rural areas of Zamfara State were traced to heavy metals poisoning resulting from crude gold mining in the area. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the level of some selected heavy metals residues in the blood of cattle and goats grazing at Duza mining fields of Zamfara state. Materials and Methods:Heavy metal residual concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in the blood of cattle and goats grazing at the selected mining field of Zamfara state was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein from fifty (50) each of cattle and goats.....

Keywords: Heavy metals;Mining field; Toxicity;Cattle; Goats; Zamfara Nigeria

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[3]. Yahaya MI, Mohammad S, Abdullahi BK.Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentration in abattoir dumping site soil in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2009;13(4): 9 -13.
[4]. Babandi A, Atiku MK, Alhassan AJ, Ibrahim A, Shehu D. Level of heavy metals in soil and some vegetables irrigated with industrial waste water around Sharada industrial area, Kano, Nigeria. ChemsearchJournal. 2012;3(2): 34 - 38.
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ABSTRACT: The specific core objectives of the study were to identify the types of pesticides present, evaluate and screen out the highly hazardous ones and assess their safe handling in the marketplace of Mogadishu, Somalia. The study conducted in 2019 targeting the pesticide companies in Bakara market. Fifteen giant companies were purposively selected and various pesticides were taken as a sample from them. The names of the pesticides regarding their active ingredients were recorded. Pesticides were brought from the companies' retailers in the event that they were viewed as different sorts. Al though the study shows that there isa lack of regulatory policies and systems regarding the use and trade of pesticides in the country but there is a light at the end of the tunnel as the government is hardly....

Keywords: pesticide, hazardous, market

[1]. Colopy, J. (1995). The exportation of unregistered and severely restricted pesticides from the United States. Poisoning the developing world (pp. 13(2), 177-178). UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy.
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[4]. Somali Agrculture Research & Technology Center (SARTEC). (2018). Pest Managment Strategies Used by Farmers in Somalia. Mogadishu.
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ABSTRACT: The role of Agriculture in Nigeria and the world economy cannot be over-emphasized. It was the backbone of Nigeria economy before the discovery of oil in commercial quantity. Storage of farm produce is of great importance in agricultural production and consumption (Anazodo, Ezeike and Odigbo, 1999). The storage of goods therefore, from the time of production to the time of consumption, ensures a continuous flow of goods in the market (TNAU, 2008). But, post-harvest damage may go beyond financial losses to the producer. It can also cause illness or even death of th consumer (Umezuruke, 2011). This led many national governments to take more seriously the problems of storage of agricultural produce. Small scale farmers depends heavily on the agricultural sector but they experience disturbingly high levels of post-harvest loss due to over-ripening, decay and physical injuries caused during handling, packaging and transporting (Acedo and Wienberger 2006). Post-harvest food crop losses.....

[1]. Aecdo and Weinberger, 2006. Post-harvest Technology, Oni and Obiakor, 2002.
[2]. Post-harvest Technology Training and Development of Training Master Plan.
[3]. Aduloju (2007), Assessment of Farmers Feedback on Cocoa production Technology in Ondo state.
[4]. AMCOST, 2006. Pre and post-harvest food crop losses
[5]. Anazodo U.G.N, Ezeike G.O.I and Odigbo E.U 1999, Introduction to Tropical Agriculture Longman Group Ltd.

ABSTRACT: Maize production activities go beyond cultivation of farmland but also some other actors in the chain of maize business which make the activities more viable and lucrative but profit made by each actor were mutually exclusive. This study analysed maize production value chain among rural households in Oyo State. A multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting various actors along the maize value chain totalling 145 using copies of well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule while descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis(GMA) and ordinary least square(OLS) multiple regression were used as tools of analysis. Result showed that farmers in the five groups....

Key words: Value chain, Maize Production, Rural Households, Multiple Regression

[1]. Adubi, A.A. and Daramola, A.G. (1996). An Empirical Analysis of Risk and Expected Return in Small Scale Agriculture in Nigeria. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 35(4), 384-397.
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[3]. Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics. Tata Publisher. McGraw Hill Edition (2004). Pp. 235-238.
[4]. Gujarati, D.N. and Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic econometrics. Pp. 188-233, McGraw-Hill/Irwin Publisher, Fifth Edition, New York, NY (10020).
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ABSTRACT: Transitional government that is experiencing a shift from a decentralized system to a re-centralization system will have major consequences for the bureaucratic system in managing social forestry schemes, especially community forestry in Indonesia. Therefore, this article analyzes how actors (in this case, local institutions) use their authority in managing community forests, as well as how regulations as bureaucratic ties have implications for wider forest planting schemes at the local level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of local institutions in community forest management with a centralized system. The method used in this research is semi-structured interviews, observations, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Research findings suggest that Ostrom's (1990) design principles can provide a useful analytical framework to explore.....

Keywords: Institutions, community forestry, Centralized

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[4]. Andrasmoro, Dony., Endah Evy Nurekawati. (2017). Analisis Pengembangan Kebijakan Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) Terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kalimantan Barat dan D.I Yogyakarta. Jurnal Swarnabhumi. 2 : 1
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ABSTRACT: Background: In captivity, African giant rat (AGR) is usually reared under a different photoperiod than in its natural habitat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of photoperiod on male AGR reproduction. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, twenty rats weighing 945 ± 171g were divided into four lots. Each lot was randomly allocated one of the following lighting times: 0h; 12h; 18h or 24h per day. The essay lasted 8 weeks. Results: The main results showed that the weight of testes and vas deferens were significantly (p<0.05) higher in male AGR subjected to less than 18 hours of light per day. Regarding the caudal epididymal sperm count, a similar trend, i.e. a gradual increase was observed with decreasing photoperiod, although without any significant difference (P>0.05). On the other hand, the reduction in the duration.....

Key Word: African giant rat, male, fertility, Photoperiod, captivity

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