IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-17 ~ ISSUE-8 ~ August 2024

ABSTRACT: The lower bulk density recorded 1.42 in (ZT) was a result of good interaction between the soil and the decomposed black gram straw, the potential to enhance microbial growth with the resultant effect on the slow break down of organic materials to release soil organic carbon (SOC) within the soil. CT method showed higher bulk density that it was as a result of the destruction caused by the physical breakdown of soil structure by ploughing lead to increased soil macro-pore space and high porosity. The highest soil pH was recorded by CT with an average of 7.6 and lowest soil 6.3 pH was recorded by ZT that reducing pH leading to reduced water movement and encouraged the retention of nutrients and hydrogen ions from decomposed straw and the mineralization of inorganic fertilizer......

Key Word: Zero-tillage, Cropping System, Natural Resources Management.

[1] An Andisol As Related To Land Use And Tillage Practice. Soil Tillage Res. 2008, 101, 10–19
[2] Anonymous, (2018-19). District Wise Area-Production And Yield Of Crops In Madhya Pradesh (2018-19), Mpkrishi.Mp.Gov.In.
[3] Baghel, B., Raghuwanshi, R.S.,Khatri, K. And Khatri, M. 2019. Resource Use Efficiency Of Wheat Production In Tikamgarh District Of Madhya Pradesh, International Journal Of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(6): 1171-1173.
[4] Bolvin, P.; Scha_Err, B.; Sturny, N. Quantifying Relationship Between Soil Organic Carbon And Soil Physical Properties Using Shrinkage Modelling. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2009, 60, 265–275.
[5] Calvo-Fernández, J.A.; Taboada, A.; Fichtner, W.; Härdtle, L.; Calvo, L.; Marcos, E. Time-And Age-Related

ABSTRACT: Maize (Zea Mays L) performs a critical part in the survival of millions in Nigeria, particularly for smallholder farmers in Kaduna State. However, dependence on a single crop can be risky and limit livelihood options. This study investigates the socio-economic and institutional drivers of livelihood diversification among smallholder maize farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Employing a multistage sampling procedure, data was sought from 405 smallholder maize producers based on their socio-economic and institutional profiles, and the types of non-farm activities undertaken by farmers were identified and analysed using descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit model. The result......

Key Word: Livelihood diversification, smallholder farmers, maize, socio-economic, Nigeria

[1] Abdulai, A., & Huffman, S. L. (2021). Livelihood Diversification And Income Inequality Among Rural Households In Ghana. Journal Of Development Studies, 57(8), 1443-1461.
[2] Abdulrahman, S., David, A. I, Yusuf, O. Abdulazeez, R.O. Binuyo, G. (2016). Analysis Of Livelihood Diversification By Farming Households In Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2nd International Conference On Dryland Agriculture, Centre For Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano. 12th -16th December, 2016. Pp45-49.
[3] Adebola, P. O., Awoyemi, T. T., & Oladele, O. I. (2018). Determinants Of Technical Efficiency In Rice Production In Oyo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Of Agric. Res. Inn. And Techn., 8(1), 1-12.
[4] Ameh, J., & Oladime, J. (2020). Assessment Of Households' Food Security And Production Constraints Of Maize Farmers In Kaduna State, Nigeria. Agripreneurship And Sustainable Development (Jasd), 3(3), 1-10.
[5] Asfaw, S., Mccarthy, N., Paolantonio, A., Cavatassi, R., Amare, M., & Lipper, L. (2015). Livelihood Diversification And Vulnerability To Poverty In Rural Malawi (Esa Working Paper No. 15-02). Rome: Fao.

ABSTRACT: Global production and sale of organically grown food and fiber continue to increase exponentially and Bokashi is a fermented organic fertilizer containing indigenous microorganisms and nutrients which are beneficial to soil and plants. This study had conducted to determine the effects of bokashi on the agronomic characteristics of lettuce such as plant height, width, number of leaves, yield and infested number of plants and to recommend the most adaptive variety of lettuce. Four varieties, including T1-romaine, T2-corelle, T3-red rapid and T4-ice-berg, were used to check.....

[1] Estero, O.P 2007. Variety Evaluation Of Romain Type Lettuce Under La Trinidad, Benguet Condition. Bs Thesis, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Jensen, H., L. Guilaran, R. Jaranilla And G. Garingalao, 2006. Organic Amendments Adopted And Adapted By Farmers In The Western Visayas Region Of The Philippines, Canadian International Development Agency (Cida).
[2] Kudan, S.L. 1999. Lettuce Production, Office Of The Director Of Extension, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet.
[3] Naz, S., S. Jabeen, S. Ilyas, F. Manzoor, F. Aslam, And A. Ali. 2010. Antibacterial Activity Of Curcuma Longa Varieties Against Different Strains Of Bacteria. Pak. J. Bot. 42:455–462.
[4] Sarker, S.D. And L. Nahar. 2004. Natural Medicine: The Genus Angelica. Curr. Med. Chem. 11:1479–1500.
[5] Tagotong, M.B. And Corpuz, O.S., 2015. Bio-Organic Fertilizer On Pechayhomegarden In Cotabato. American Journal Of Agriculture And Forestry Special Issue: Agro-Ecosystems, Vol. 3, No. 6, Page 6-9.