IOSR-JAVS   IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-12 ~ DEC-2014

ABSTRACT: Extension education institute disseminates useful and practical information relating to agriculture for better results and increased income of farmers. As a part of their training programmes, farmers of Andhra Pradesh were imparted training on organic farming and allied areas. This paper presents the success stories of Andhra Pradesh farmers who attended the training on Organic farming and implemented the knowledge to increase their income levels.

[1]. Choubay, B.K. (1979), A Handbook of Extension Education, Jyoti Prakashan, Allahabad.
[2]. Dahama, O.P. (1976), Extension and Rural Welfare, Ram Prasad and Sons, Agra.
[3]. Dahama, O.P. and Bhatnagar O.P. (1987), Education and Communication for Development.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi [4]. Gold, Mary. "What is organic production?". National Agricultural Library. USDA. Retrieved 1 March 2014.

ABSTRACT: Equine piroplasmosis, is a tick borne protozoan disease of horses caused by intraerythrocytic Babasia caballi and Theileria equi. This study was conducted to determine its prevalence amongst local hoses in the study area. Giemsa stained blood smears from 240 hoses examined revealed an overall prevalence of 100 (41.7%) due to Theleria equi 94 (94%) and Babesia caballi 6 (6%) represented as Male with 62 (62.0%) and Female 38 (38.0%) (P<0.05). Based on age, horses < 4 years had a prevalence of 27 (27.0%) and those > 4 years had 73 (73.0%) (P<0.05).The results showed that Borno has a higher prevalence of 39 (48.8%) than Gombe and Taraba with 33 (41.3%) and 28 (35.0) respectively (P<0.05).

1]. Linnaeus, C.N 1758 Horses classification, history and taxonomy. WWW.http.
[2]. Food and Agricultural Organization (FOA), (2007). The AHC's report by economic impact of horse industry in the United States. Pp. 228 – 235.
[3]. Molento M B, and Cole G.C(2008).Antihelmintic resistant nematodes in Brazilian horses Vet Rec 162(12) pp 380-385.
[4]. Rabo, J.S. Jaryum, J. Mohammad, A. (1995). Outbreak of Babesia. In Monguno Local Gov't. Area of Borno State, Nigeria. A case study, Annals of Borno 11/12: 345 – 348.
[5]. Ali, S., Sugi – Moto, C. and Onuna, M. (1996). Equine piroplasmosis. Equine Science, 7:67 – 77.

ABSTRACT: Raw milk consumption is the main reason of many diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenese, E.coli and Samonella spp. Sometimes severe infections occur and death may happen by complications caused by these microbes. Listeriosis is one of the important dangerous bacterial zoonitic diseases that occur in humans. It occurs mainly by using the milk and products which are contaminated by different microbes including L. monocytogenese. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw milk samples obtained from different marketes in Faisalabad, one of the biggest city of Pakistan. A total of 400 samples of milk were randomly selected and purchased from market and food shops in Faisalabad from May 2012 to September 2012. . The results showed that, 30 (7.5%) samples were positive for Listeria spp. and 9 (2.25%) for Listeria monocytogenese. But presence of a single bacterium of L. monocytogenese is not acceptable in 25ml of milk. In conclusion, because the mortality rate of listeriosis is very high, due to this reason, so low prevalence of Listeria monocytogenese cannot be ignored.

Key words: Raw milk, Prevalence, Listeria monocytogenese, Listeriosis,

[1]. MR Adams and MO. Moss, Food Microbiology, 3rd Edition. RSC Publishing, UK, 2008.
[2]. SVS Malik, SB. Barbuddhe and SP. Chaudhari, Listeric infections in humans and animals in Indian subcontinent, A review. Tropical Animal Health Production, 34, 2002, 359-381.
[3]. RK Robinson, CA. Batt and PD. Patel, Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Part II. Academic Press, San Diego 2000.
[4]. BC Hobbs and D. Roberts, Food Poisoning and Food Hygiene. 6th edition, Edward Arnold, London1993.
[5]. PN Acha and B. Szyfres, Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals, 3rd ed. Pan American Health Organization Washington D.C. U.S.A, 168-176, 2001.
[6]. JM Farber, GW. Sanders and JI. Speias,. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated raw milk, Lebensm Wiss Technol, 23(252), 1990.
[7]. J Bille, Epidemiology of human listeriosis in Europe, with special reference to the Swiss outbreak. In: AL Miller, JL. Smith and GA. Somkuti, (Eds.), Foodborne Listeriosis, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division), Amsterdam, 1990, 71–74.

ABSTRACT: This investigation was done during two successive seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) on 10 years old (Psidium guajva, L) seedy guava trees at Mariout Research Station of the Desert Research Center. This investigation aimed to compare fruit growth curve of summer and winter guava fruit also study the effect of some treatments: 1- control (sprayed with water only). 2- Calcium chloride at 1%. 3- Calcium nitrate at 0.6%. 4- Paclobutrazol at 150 ppm. These treatments were sprayed twice (the first spray was applied 80-85 days after full bloom at August in spring summer (SS) guava and first week of December in Autumn winter (AW) guava, the second spray was done ten days after the first spray in both) to study the impact fruit quality in guava. Guava from the (SS) season grew faster (total= 122 days) than the (AW) fruit that required 186 days. Weight, volume and diameter constituents were higher of fruit in (SS) fruit than in the (AW) fruit, while total soluble solids and acidity were higher in (AW) than in the (SS) fruit.

[1]. O. A. C. (1990). Association of official Agricultural chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, Washington, D.C; U.S.A. Apple. Arch. Gartenban, 23. (8):483-489.
[2]. Abdel- Wahab, S. M. and I. E. El-Shinawy (2004). Effect of some pre harvest treatments on improving quality and storability of Crimson seedless grapes. Annals of Agric. Sci. Moshtohor, 42(4): 1965-1981.
[3]. Akamine, EK. and T.Goo (1979). Respiration and ethylene production in fruits of species and cultivars of Psidium and species of Eugenia. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 104,632- 635.
[4]. Anthony, W. Whiley and Jack B. Saranah (1992). Effect of Paclobutrazol Bloom Sprays on Fruit Yield and Quality of cv. Hass Avocado Growing in Subtropical Climates. Proc. of Second World Avocado Congress pp. 227-232.
[5]. Brummell, DA; V. Dal; Cin CH, Crisosoto and JM. Labavitch (2004). Cell wall metabolism during maturation, ripening and senescence of peach fruit. J Exp Bot. 55:2029-2039.
[6]. Chang, Y. K; and T. S; Tee (1976). The cultivation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Malaysia. Mardi Report # 45, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang, Malaysia.
[7]. Conway, WS., and CE. Sams (1983). Calcium infiltration of golden delicious apples and its effect on decay. Phytopathol., 73: 1068-1071.

ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the haematological alteration in the atrazine toxicity in broilers. For this study, 120 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups comprising 30 birds in each group. The dose of atrazine was selected on the basis of lethal dose of the herbicide in birds. The herbicide was given to 2nd, 3rd and 4th group of the experimental birds in the broiler starter ration for the study period of 28 days respectively.

[1]. Blood,.C and O.M. Rodostitis,M .1989..Effect of atrazine in rats. Veterinary Medicine. 7th edn. ELBS, Boilliere Tindall.
[2]. Benzamin, M.M. 1989. Pseticide toxicity . Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 1st edn. Kalayani Publisher, New Delhi.
[3]. Burnside, O.C., C.R. Fenster and G.A. Wicks (1971). Soil persistence of repeated annual application of atrazine. Weed science. 19(3): 957-959.
[4]. Coles, E.H 1967. Atrazine toxicityin birds .Veterinary Clinical Pathology 3rd edn. W.B. Sounders Co. Philadelphia.
[5]. Cho, H.,.Park, J and Jean, Y.1989. Studies on diagnosis of organophosphate insecticides poisoning. Clinical and haematological diagnosis. Res. Rep. Rural Dev. Adm. Vet. 31: 8-13.
[6]. Gunman 1990. Chronic toxicity of atrazine in cattle. Kenya, Vet. 7: 700-704.
[7]. Gupta, R.C and Paul,.S.1979. Influence of Malathion on some biochemical and haematological parameters during dermal toxicity study in buffaloes. Indian. J. Sci. 48: 428-431.

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted on 42 number of Assam Pati ducks divided into 7 groups to study the histomorphological characteristics of thyroid glands from day-old to 40 weeks of age. The thyroid glands were collected from 6 birds in each group. The material was fixed and processed for histological studies. The microscopic structure of thyroid glands of Pati ducks revealed primarily the capsule enclosing the follicles that contained colloid. The capsule was made up of collagen and reticular fibers with scanty elastic fibers. The interfollicular space was narrow and consisted of fine collagen and reticular fibers that extended from the capsule. The interfollicular space was relatively devoid of elastic fibers.

[1]. Balasundaram, K. (1995) Microanatomical studies on the thyroid gland in the domestic fowl. Ph.D thesis submitted to TANUVAS, Chennai.pp 105
[2]. Enura, S., Isogai, I. and Tranloom, H. (1977) Ultrastructure of quail thyroid gland. Jap. Poult. Sci. 14: 121-130.
[3]. George, J.C. and Naik, D.V. (1964) Serum tyrosine level as an index of thyroidal activity in a migratory starling (Sturnus roseus). J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol., 17: 26-36.
[4]. Hodges, R.D. (1974) The Histology of the fowl. Academic press, New York . pp 440-445.
[5]. Wight, P. A. L. and Shannon, D. W. L. (1985) The morphology of the thyroid glands of quails and fowls maintained on the diet containing rape seed. Avian Pathol. 14: 383-399.

ABSTRACT: East Java has lowlands and uplands with farming areas potential in producing agricultural wastes that can be utilized to improve animal production. This has created opportunity for farmers to improve their cattle farming businesses and their incomes. The aims of this study were (1) to get the characteristic description of cattle farmer households in different land types in East Java, (2) to analyze factors affecting the income of cattle farmer households. A multiple regression by using a SAS software was used for this analysis. Results showed that income of cattle farmer households was affected by number of cattle owned, cow ownership status, and farming location. Meanwhile, total household income was affected by length of education, number of cattle owned, number of working forces in household, cow ownership status, and farming location. It was implied from the study that farmers raise their cattle for longer time in order to gain higher selling prices and that government provide assistance for farmers in form of cow grant in order to improve farmers' cattle ownership and incomes.

Keywords: cattle farmer household characteristic, income, regression, beef cattle production

[1]. Yusdja, Ilham and W. K. Sejati. Profil dan Permasalahan Peternakan. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 21 (1), 2003, 45 – 56.
[2]. P.U. Hadi and Ilham N. Problem dan Prospek Pengembangan Usaha Pembibitan Sapi Potong di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 21(4), 2002, 148-157.
[3]. X. Shi, X. Liu, A. Nuetah, and X. Xin. The Determinants of Household Income Mobility in Rural China. Working Paper 2010E002, 2010
[4]. C.E. Ward, M. K. Vestal, D. G. Doye, and D. L. Lalman. Factors Affecting Adoption of Cow-Calf Production Practices in Oklahoma. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 40 (3), 2008, 851–863.
[5]. J. Aikaeli. Determinants of rural income in Tanzania : An empirical approach. Research Report. Research on poverty Alleviation (REPOA). 2010.
[6]. S. Schwarze. Determinants of Income Generating Activities of Rural Households A Quantitative Study in the Vicinity of the Lore-Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi/Indonesia. Dissertation. Institute of Rural Development, Gottingen. 2004.
[7]. H. Triastono, M. Indraji and S. Mastuti. The Influence of Socio Economic Factors to Income and efficiency on Rabbit Farming at Banyumas District. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan, 1(1), 2013, 25-30

ABSTRACT: Tobacco leaf that was grounded and mixed in distilled water was used to test for its larvicidal effect on house fly (Musca domestica). Only the 3rd instar larvae of house fly were exposed to the aqueous plant extract in the Green house at a temperature of 26.5 and 77.5% relative humidity. All larvae were collected from Goat liver that were exposed to house flies. Five different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of tobacco 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 milligram per litre was tested on the aforementioned house fly larvae and the control [0] was not treated with the aqueous tobacco extract. Mortality observed using 1mg/l at 24hours showed that 42larvae died out of 380 larvae [11.05%], using 2mg/l, 291 larvae died out of 380 larvae[72.6%], using 3mg/l, 372 larvae died out of 380 larvae[97.8%]. Mortality observed for 4 and 5 mg/l hourly showed that at 2hours interval immediately after exposure were significantly different and higher than those of the other concentrations. Tobacco leaf extract effect on the house fly larvae was concentration dependent.

[1]. Begum, N., Sharma, B., Ravi, S. and Pandey. [2010]. Evaluation of insecticidal efficacy ofCalotropisproceraand Annona squamosa ethanol extracts against Musca domestica J. Biofertil. AndBiopestici.,1(1): 1-6.
[2]. Beseeleua.,H. B. D. , Gbewonyo, S. W. K. and Obeng-Ofori, D [ 2008]. Toxicity, growth regulatory and repellent activities of medicinal plant extracts on Musca domesticaL. (Diptera: Muscidae). African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (24) : 4635-4642.
[3]. Ogbalu, O. K. ,Umeozor, O. C. and Ebere, N.[20O5]. Oviposition deterrence Effect of NeemAgainstAtherigonaorientalis [Schiner] on Pepper [Capsicum annum] and Tomato [Lycopersiconesculentum] Fruits in Nigeria. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 9 [1]: 18-24.
[4]. Jesikha. M., 2014, Control of Muscadomestica using wastes from Citrus sinensis peel and Mangiferaindicaseed. SIRJ-BES 1[1]: 17-26.
[5]. Hanan, B. A. [2013]. Evaluation of insecticidal activities ofMenthapipertaand Lavandulaangustifoliaessential oils against house fly,Musca domesticaL. (Diptera :Muscidae). J of Entomol and Nematol, Vol. 5 : 50-54.
[6]. Morey, R. A. and A.J Khandagle, A. J. [2012].Bioeffeicacy of essential oils of medicinal plants against house fly ,Musca domesticaL.Parasito Res, Vol. 111 : 1799-1805.

ABSTRACT: This investigation was done during two successive seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) on 10 years old seedy guava (Psidiumguajva, L) trees planted at 5x5 meters surface irrigationatMariout Research Station of the Desert Research Center- Alexandria.
This investigation aimed to study the effect of some pruning treatments: 1- Control (unpruned trees). 2- Apical ten cm of new shoots were pruned. 3- Apical twenty cm of new shoots were pruned, in three dates:May, June and July on yield and fruit quality of guava trees. The obtained results showed that,number of fruits per tree, yield per tree and fruit weight was better with apical 10 cm of pruning shoots with May, while fruit set percentage and total sugars were better with apical 10 cm of pruning shoots at May and June.

[1]. A.O.A.C. (1990). Association of official Agricultural chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Apple. Arch. Gartenban, 23. (8):483-489.
[2]. HaropinderJit Singh and J. S. Bal (2006). Effect of pruning and growth regulators on physio-vhemical characters of guava during rainy season planted at different spacing. Internat. J. agric. Sci. Vol. 2 No.2: (533-537).
[3]. Lal, S.(1983). Effect of pruning on crop regulation in guava (Psidiumguajava L.) cv. Lucknow-49. Prog. Hort., 7(3): 60-62.
[4]. Salah, A. El-D.M.(2005). Effect of pruning on growth, flowering and fruiting of some guava cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ.
[5]. Serrano, L.A.L; C.S. Marinho; E. Gabetto, M. Silva and F.D.Tardin (2008a). Phenological and yield characteristics of "Paluma" guava tree pruned in different times and intensities, in north of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Revista Ceres, 55(5): 416-424.

ABSTRACT: The aim of present investigation was to screen the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates obtained from local ecological niche of Vidarbha region for the presence of cry9 genes. PCR screening was carried out to determine the presence of cry9A, cry9B, cry9C, cry9D and cry9E genes using gene specific primers. In an attempt to obtain full length gene of cry9 gene family few primers were also designed by using Primer- BLAST software available on NCBI web portal

Ben-Dov, E. A. Zaritsky, E. Dahan, Z. Barak,R. Sinai, R. Manasherob, A. Khamraev, E. Troitskaya, A. Dubitsky, N. Berezina and Y. Margalith, Extended screening by PCR for seven cry-group genes from field collectedstrains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63,1997, 4883–4890.
[2]. Ben-Dove, E. Q. Wang, A. Zaritsky, R. Manasherob, Z. Barak, B. Schneider, A. Khamraev, M. Baizhanov, V. Glupov, and Y. Margalith, Multiplex PCR Screening To Detect cry9 Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis Strains,Applied and EnviromentalMicrobiology, 65,1999, 3714-3716.

ABSTRACT: The hydraulic conductivity of the soil is function of soil water pressure, soil water content, and the soil moisture retention. The soil hydraulic properties are needed for understanding water balance, irrigation and transport processes. Hence, saturated hydraulic properties of surface soils influence rainfall and snowmelt into runoff and soil water storage. The hydraulic conductivity for soil material provides the ability to properly design water control structures, earthen storage water facilities and runoff forecasting. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement was made on different soil material, having length of soil columns 8.5 cm for constant head permeameter. Three soil columns were filled having different percentages of soil texture; and textural classified of soil sample is sandy loam soil. Porosity is determined by the saturation method for soil sample materials; the porosity is varying from 32 to 40% for sandy loam and about 43% for clay soils. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of these soil samples was measured by constant head permeameter the results indicated that its average value obtained as 0.00142 cm/sec and falling head permeameter the results observed average hydraulic conductivity of sandy loam is 0.00123, 0.00172 and 0.00144 and clay is 0.0000146 cm/sec.

Keywords: Permeameter, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Soil Property

[1]. Muhammad Akram Kahlown and Abdul Majeed, Water resources situation in Pakistan: Challenges and Future Strategies, Journal of Science Vision, 2002 7(3&4), 2002.
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[3]. Abdul Sattar Shakir, Habib-ur-Rehman, Noor M Khan and Asad Ullah Qazi, Impact of canal water shortages on groundwater in the lower Bari Doab canal system in Pakistan, Pak. J. Engg. & Appl. Sci. Vol.9, Jul., 2011 (p. 87-97), 2011.
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