IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-4 ~ APRIL-2014

ABSTRACT: The effect of Sherpa plus (Cyprnethon 12g + diamethoate 100g/l) on Okra on the yield of foliage and fruit was evaluated on tall and short cultivars of Okra at Vinde-Fufore, Adamawa state in Nigeria. A split plot design was used with three replications. Average yield of fresh foliage on sprayed plots were 6,176.02kg.ha (2011) and 5,897.5kg/ha (2011) on tall Okra cultivar, while 2660.85kg/ha (2011) and 3037.7kg/ha was obtained on short Okra cultivar. Lower yield of less than 1.400kg/ha was obtained in both years on the varieties of Okra. Yield of fresh fruits on short Okra in both years averaged 5,831kg/ha and tall Okra 2,564.0kg/ha on sprayed plots while less than 1,000kg/ha was obtained on unsprayed plots.

[1]. Adebayo, A.A. (1999). Introduction In: Adamawa State in Maps. A.A. Adebayo and M.L. TUKUR (eds) 112pp first Edition Paraclet Publisher, Vinde-Fufore, Nigeria.
[2]. CAB International (2000). Crop Protection Compendium on Roselle Production.
[3]. Colditz, P. Grandberry, D and Charles, V. (2009) Commercial Okra Production, Extension Horticulturist – Vegetable Crops. University of Georgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences.
[4]. Dankhar, B. S. and Siggh, R. (2013) Okra Handbook: Global Production, Processing and Crop Improvement. HNB Publishing, UK, pp475.

ABSTRACT: The study examined the effects of Calotropisprocera powdered extracts on the germination and growth of soybeans (Glycine max L. merrill), an important crop in Nigeria. The result showed that C. procera leachates inhibited the germination and growth of soybeans. The degree of inhibition was concentration dependent as the inhibition increased with increase in the concentration of the extracts.Statistical analysis( ANOVA, P = 0.05) revealed that there were significant differences in in the coefficient of velocity( COV), plumule length, number of leaves at harvest, fresh weights of roots and shoots and dry weights of roots compared to the control experiments. No significant difference was observed in the percentage germination and shoot dry weights of soybeans treated seeds compared to control experiments.

Keywords: Calotropisprocera, Allelopathy, Inhibition, Allelochemicals

[1]. Ahmed, K.K.,Rana, A.C. and Dixit, V.K .2005.Calotropis Species (Asclepidaceae)-A comprehensive review. Pharma. Mag., 1(2): 48-51 [2]. Ahmad, M. 2012. Evaluation of allelopathic potential of Weedy Species of Vicia on Gram(Cicerarietenum). International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering. 1(1): 1-12. [3]. Aleksieva, A. and Serafimov, P. 2008. A study of allelopathic effect of Amaranthus retroflexus(L.) and Solanumnigrum(L.) in different soybeans genotypes. Herbologia.9(2): 47-58. [4] Al-Zahrani, H. S. and Al- Robai, S. A. Allelopathic effects of Calotropisprocera leaves extracts on seeds germination of some plants. JKAU Sci. 9: 115-126. [5]. Ayeni, M.J. and Kayode, J.2012. Allelopathic Potential of Some Crop Residues on the Germinationand Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.)Merrill. Journal of Agricultural Scienceand Technology B. 2(10): 1057-1061.

ABSTRACT: In this current study, ornamental fish diversity of North Guwahati region is explored, contemplating entrepreneurship potential to provide livelihood opportunities to the fringe villagers with a view to facilitate fish biodiversity conservation. Mostly lentic water ecosystems are considered for ornamental fish diversity documentation. A total of 28 fish species with 17 families and 24 genera have been categorized into different status under potential ornamental fish. Out of these, 16 species are grouped having 'excellent ornamental value', while 9 other species fall under 'high ornamental fish' status based on established guidelines.

[1] P. K. kalita, North Guwahati and its industrial environment, Souvenir: Golden jubille celebration committee, North Gauhati College, 2013, 107-109, 166.
[2] S. A. Fossa, Mam-made fish: Domesticated fish and their place in the aquatic trade and hobby, OFI journal, 44. 2004, 1, 3-4, 6-10, 12-16.
[3] I. Petrovicky, The illustrated guide to tropical aquarium fishes (Chancellor Press, London, 1993).
[4] S.P.Biswas, J.N.Das, U.K.Sarkar and W.S.Lakra, Ornamental fishes of North East India: An Atlas (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resoures, Lucknow, 2007).
[5] A. G. Jhingran and, V. Pathak, Ecologyand management of beels in Assam- A casestudy of three beels :Compendium Proc. Workshop onDevelopment of Beel Fisheries in Assam.Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,Guwahati. 1987, 16-36.

ABSTRACT: In this study, two heavy metals in canned seafood were determined after digestion by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Mercury and Cadmium levels in this canned seafood were determined by flame atomic absorption photometry. The results of this study indicate that the canned seafood imported into the country have concentrations well below the permissible EU levels for these toxic metals. Their contribution to the body burden can therefore be considered negligible and the canned seafood products seem to be safe for human consumption. For the organoleptic quality, tuna flakes in vegetable oil (Starkist) from Ghana, tuna chunks in sunflower oil (John West) from UK, sardines in vegetable oil (Titus) and mackerel in tomato sauce (Toma) both from Morocco were the most preferred while the least preferred were light tuna chunks in oil (Bumble Bee) from USA and tuna flakes in brine (John West) from Thailand.
Keywords: Mercury, cadmium, canned seafood, organoleptic quality.

[1]. Atta, M.B., El-Sebaie, L.A., Noaman, M.A., &Kassab, H.E. (1997). The effect of cooking on the content of heavy metals in fish. Food Chemistry, 58, 1-4.
[2]. Council Regulation [EC] No 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (Official Journal L 313, 30/11/2001 P. 0060-0060).
[3]. Enomoto, N., & Uchida, Y. (1973). Cadmium and other heavy metals contents in marine products from Ariak Sea in canned goods in the market. Saga daigakuNogakuInho, 69-75, [cited in Chem. Abstr. 18 (1974) 2506].
[4]. Inskip, M.J., &Piotrowsiki, J.K. (1985). Review of the health effects of methyl mercury. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 5, 113-133.
[5]. Kagi, J.H., & Schaffer, A. (1998). Biochemistry of metallothionein. Biochemistry, 27, 8509-8515.

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted at the nursery of Malta station Duhok, Kurdistan region – Iraq, during the season 2011 to study the effect of ascorbic acid and humic acid on vegetative growth of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars (Khithairy and Sorany ). The transplants were sprayed with four levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.l-1) ascorbic acid and four levels of humic acid (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg.l-1). When transplant treated with 500 mg.l-1 ascorbic acid showed significantly effect of most characteristics, however foliar application of humic acid at 20 mg.l-1 significantly increase plant height, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. Khithairy cultivar significantly dominated Sorany cultivar of the most studied characteristics. The interactions between cultivar and ascorbic acid showed significantly affected on the most characteristic studied, while Khithairy cultivar when treated with 500 mg.l-1 ascorbic acid significantly increased plant height, leaves number, leaf area and lateral shoot number. Cultivar and humic acid interactions showed that the Khithairy when treated with 60 mg.l-1 humic acid significantly affected on the most of the characteristic studied while the interactions between ascorbic acid and humic showed that the transplants when treated with 20mg.l-1 humic only increase significantly most characteristics. The interactions between (khithairy×0 mg.l-1 ascorbic acid ×60 mg.l-1 humic) increased significantly leaves number, shoot length and lateral shoot number.
Key word: Humic acid, Ascorbic acid, Olive cultivar, leaf nutrient.

[1] Bartolucci, P. and B.R. Dhakal (1999). Olive Growing in Nepal, TCP/NEP/6713, Field Document-1.
[2] Abdul-Qader, S.M. (2012). Effect of cultivar, organic manure, urea spray and their interactions on vegetative growth flowering, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of olive(Olea europaea L.), Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Duhok University, Kurdistan Iraq.
[3] Mahdi, F.T. (2007). Development of olive plantation, Popular Company of Horticulture and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.
[4] Schachtschable, S.(1979). Lehrobuch der B odenkunde, printed in Germany (F.R.G.) Fedinand enke, stuttgrt.
[5] Farag, S. G.(2006). Minimizing mineral fertilizer in grapevine farm to reduce the chemical residuals in grapes. M.sc Thesis, instituteof environmental studies and research gypt, Ain shams university , Pp:67.

ABSTRACT: Water resources are limited and are becoming a scarce commodity everyday due to ever-increasing demand in proportion to the rapidly increasing population. In the face of increasing scarcity of water resources, there is a need for communities to undertake audits of their current rainwater harvesting potential as a practical and promising alternative solution for water shortage. For conservation of water resources, rain-water harvesting from roof-top catchments should be done. In this paper, structural components and advantages of rain water harvesting from roof-top catchments have been discussed to increase the existing level of knowledge of the people. For this study, four villages 4 villages i.e. Chowdhariwas, Balawas, Balsamand and Paniharchak were selected from Hisar district of Haryana state. A sample of thirty women respondents were taken randomly from a cluster of these villages. Forty-three percent of the respondents belonged to middle age group (25-50 years), were housewives (60.00%) and family occupationwas farming (76.67%). Pre and post-exposure knowledge of respondents was found out and overall, gain in knowledge regarding rainwater harvesting was found to be high. Majority of the respondents were now ready to adopt the technology in their farm as well as in their homes after knowing the benefits of the technology.

[1]. Kumar, M. D. 2009. Roof water harvesting for domestic water security: Who gains and who loses? Water International 29:1, 43–53.
[2]. Tripathi, A. K. and K. U. Pandey. 2005. Study of rainwater harvesting potential of Zura village of Kutch district of Gujarat. Journal of Human Ecology 18:1, 63–67.
[3]. Zerah., M Helene. 2000. Water - Unreliable Supply in Delhi, French Research Institute of India.
[4]. www.ccsindia.org/policy/enviro/studies/wp0076.pdf

ABSTRACT: The study analyzed the maize Total Factor Productivity growth using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on Malmquist Index in Nigerian. Factors that affect maize total factor productivity growth were also identified using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The study used secondary annual data for the period from 1971- 2010 in order to attain the objective. The result revealed that for the forty-year period of maize production the mean value of TFP was 1.004. This implied a maize total factor productivity growth of 0.4%. In the period of study, the result showed that, the country had registered the total factor productivity growth of ≥ 1.00 that stood at 43.6%. While 56.4% of the time studied the country had a decrease in maize total factor productivity growth, and that confirmed inputs growth rather than an output growth. From 1971-1975 on average the country registered a regress in total factor productivity growth by -3.5%.However, from 1986-1990 the country had on average registered maize productivity growth of 3.7%. The result further showed that from 1991-1995 the country had on average experienced a 35.7% growth in maize productivity in the country. A double digits productivity growth of 33.4% is also exhibited for the period from 2006-2010.For the determinants of maize total factor productivity growth, research and development spending, net value of production, fertilizer price and labor were identified to have a significant influence on total factor productivity growth .It was recommended that, expanding scope of research and development, net value of production and labor use will help to raise maize productivity growth in the country. Also price of production inputs like fertilizer should be part of government policy priorities.
Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Maize, Malmquist Index, Ordinary Least Square Model, Total Factor Productivity Growth.

[1] IITA, 2012. Maize crop 2012. Downloaded from website: http://www.iita.org/maize
[2] NBS, the Review of the Nigerian Economy 2010 Edition.
[3] USDA, Nigeria Grain and Feed Annual Report 2012. Downloaded from Website: http://www.thebioenergysite.com/report
[4] FARA, Pattern of Change in Maize Production in Africa: Implication for Maize Policy Development. Networking Support Function 3 Regional Policies and Markets 2009
[5] A.A.I. Abdulrahaman and O.M. Kolawole, Traditional Preparations and Uses of Maize in Nigeria Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 219-227. 2006. C:\Users\cadoni\Documents\MAFAP\MAIZE NIGERIA\Literature\TRADITIONAL PREPARATIONS AND USES OF MAIZE IN NIGERIA.mht

ABSTRACT: This study was carried-out to examine the participation of rice farmers in capacity building training programmes organized by Agricultural Development Programme in collaboration with other bodies such as Olam, USAID and First Bank in Kwara State, Nigeria . A sample of 180 contract farmers from two Local Government Areas of Kwara State who participated in the training were randomly selected and interviewed. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were employed in data analyses which include the use of frequency count, mean, pie-chart, bar chart, percentages and regression analysis. The findings revealed the level of participation of rice farmers in the two major rice producing Local Government Areas (Edu and Patigi). The results revealed that the farmers' participation level was high in Patigi Local Government Area with participation mean of 6.189, and low in Edu LGA with participation mean of 3.267. Regression analysis showed that there were positive relationships between participation levels of farmers in capacity building programmes and age , educational levels , household size, years of experience, secondary occupation, farm size and land ownership. It is recommended that the venue of the training should be decentralized for the farmers to have access to the place of training.
Keywords: Capacity building, levels, participation, training.

[1] Ajayi, A. O.Identification of Training Needs of Women Farmers in Oyo State. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, O. A. U, Ile-Ife. 1995.
[2] Owona, N. P. A., Nyaka, N. A., Ehabe, E. E., Chambon-Poveda, B. and Bruneau, J. C., Assessment of training needs of rubber farmers in the south-west region of Cameroon. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5 (17) (2010). :2326-2331
[3] USAID Markets: improved package of practices for rice production by USAID market, , (2010) 30 pp.
[4] USAID Markets, improved package of practices for rice production by USAID market, (2010): 30 pp.
[5] Ibrahim, M., Farmers trained on modern rice production retrieved from http://agronigeria.com.ng/2013/12/18/farmers-trained-on-modern-rice-production/ on 18/2/14 .,(2013).

ABSTRACT: The present studywas carried out to investigate the reproductive activity of mature Iraqi bull buffaloes and effect of months changes on the epididymis sperm quality and histological picture.Two hundred and fifty ( 250) testes of mature buffaloes bull were collectedfrom the slaughter house from December 2010 to September 2011/three visits a week.Semen was collected from the left testes before slaughtering via aspiration fromtail of epididymis to evaluation sperm,individual motility, viability, concentration and abnormalities.After slaughtering carefully the epididymis were dissected from right testes. Dimentions and weight of the epididymis were measured.Diameters of ductuli lumen in tail of epididymis and thickness were,also measured.The present study demonstrated a significant increased (P< 0.05 )a significant increased in length,weight, diameter and weight of the tail of epididymis in April and May,and sperm individual motility was higher (P< 0.05 ) significant in December, January and April,and the live sperm and concentrations were higher(P< 0.05 ) significantly in April,March and May,thesperms abnormalities were higher (P< 0.05 ) significant in August,July and September,the types of abnormalities demonstrated higher significance incoild tail in August and September,curled tail in August and July,detached head in July and March,proximal cytoplasmic droplet in December and July,distal cytoplasmic dropletin February and July,fracture neck in September and January.The diameter of epididymis tail ductuli lumen demonstrated higher significance in April,March and May, thickness of epididymis ductuli lumen demonstrated higher significance in April, May and March.Conclusions reproductive activity of bullbuffalo and semen physical characteristics decreased in hot months and increased in the moderate and cold months.The increase of ambient temperature in hot months lead to disturbance in reproductive activity but didn't stop it .
Key words: Male buffaloes, Epididymis, ductuli lumen, spermevalution, sperm abnormalities.

[1]. Addas, P. A. (2011). Genotype and seasonal variation in testes and paired epididymalsperm production among indigenous bull cattle in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria.Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2(1): 19-22.
[2]. Al-Azab, A. I.; Rakha, A. M. and Aboul-Fadl,W.S. (1983). Interaction of season and nutrition on buffalo semen 1-physical characteristics.Egypt .J.Vet. Sci. 20, 119-127.
[3]. Albert, D. and Leonardo, F. C. (2004). Pubertal development of Bostaurus bulls .Large Ani. Vet. Rounds.Vol.4, Issue 4 .
[4]. AL-janabi, A. S. and Taha, M. N. (2001).Seasonal changes in sperm dimensions of Iraqi buffalo.Buffalo Newsletter. (15) : 265-268 .
[5]. Al-Neamy, I. M. K. (1995). Seasonal changes in reproductive system of bull in Iraq. MSc. Thesis. Vet. College University of Baghdad Pp: 22-38.

ABSTRACT: Fish and fisheries constitute an important place in the health and wealth of Manipur. The current fish production of Manipur is very low and it still needs to put tremendous effort for increasing its productivity. Among the various water bodies Loktak acts as the major contributor in fish production of Manipur and mostly capture based fisheries were developed around it.

[1] Anon, A survey on dry fish processing in the east and west coast of India, Survey report for the DFID Post- Harvest Research Programme. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 1997.
[2] P.K. Biaklun, A. Ngangbam. and N. Basavaraja, Status of aquaculture and fisheries in Manipur. Fishing Chimes, 29(1), 2009, 102-104.
[3] J.F. Caddy.and R. Mahon, Reference points for fisheries management. FAO Fisheries technical paper 347, Rome. ISBN 92-5, 1995, 103733-7.
[4] N.B.L Devi, Study of fishers' livelihood and fisheries management in Loktak lake region of Manipur, Unpub. M.F.Sc (thesis), Central institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 2011.
[5] R.K.S. Devi, Observation on the present status of the Fish and Fisheries of Loktak Lake in Manipur and suggestion to improve its productivity. Unpub. D.F.Sc (dissertation), C.I.F.E, Mumbai, 1997.