IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-2015

ABSTRACT: Available forms of iron in soils can be assessed through the use of chemical extraction methods. Soil test provide an indication of nutrient level in the soil and together with plant analysis are important agronomic tools for determining crop nutrient needs, predicting the nutrient-deficient areas and preventing the deficiency. This study was therefore conducted in laboratory and greenhouse environment to evaluate suitable extraction method for predicting available forms of iron in soils of southeastern Nigeria, using five extraction procedures (Coca-cola, 0.05M EDTA, 1N NH4OAC +0.05M EDTA, 1N NH4OAC and O.1N HCl).

[1]. Adiloglu, A. (2003). Determination of suitable chemical extraction methods for available iron content of the soils of Edirne province in Turkey. Pakistan journal of biological Sciences 6(5): 505-510.
[2]. Aduayi, E. A., Chude, V. O., Adebusuyi, B. A. and Olayiwola, S. O. (2002). Fertilizer use and Management practices for crops in Nigeria. Federal Fertilizer Distribution Department. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria. Pp. 126.
[3]. Agarwal, B. and Sastry, T. G. (1995). EDTA-an extraction for iron and zinc from different soils. J. Indian Soc. Sci. 43(1): 126-127.
[4]. Aydemir, O. (1981). Comparison of various chemical extraction methods in predicting plant available soil iron. Turkish J. Agric. Forest., 5: 213-220.
[5]. Bimie, A. C. and Paterson, E. (1991). The mineralogy and morphorlogy of iron and manganese oxides in an imperfectly drained Scottish soil. Geoderma. 50: 219-237.

ABSTRACT: A study was carried out at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Potato programme (NRCRI) Kuru, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria (Longitude 08OE 47I, Latitude 09O N 44I and altitude 1,239 metres above sea level (msl)during the 2012- 2013 to investigate the leaf area index values of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Stored for different periods in different kinds of stores. Five potato varieties: Nicola, Bertita, Diamant, BR63-18 and Roslin Ruaka were stored for three periods: 12, 24 and 32 weeks in three types of stores, the Room temperature Store, Diffused light store (DLS) and Air conditioned store.

[1]. Battilani, A. and Mannini, P. (1993). Effects of water table on potato crop growth and yield. ActaHortscience 335(1):405-412.
[2]. Beadle C.L. (1993). Growth Analysis. In: Hall, D.O. et al. (Eds). Photosynthesis and production in a changing Environment: A Field and Laboratory Manual. Chapman and Hall, London. Pp 36-46.
[3]. Boken, V.K. and Chandra, S. (2012). Estimating leaf area index for an arid region using spectral data. African Crop Science Journal, 20(4):215-223.
[4]. Bosco,L.C.(2008). Sistemas de previsao de Ocorrencia de requeimaem clones de batatasuscetiveissresistentes. Dissertacao de mestrado. Universidade federal de santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS.92f.
[5]. Bremner, P.M. and Taha, M.A. (1966). Studies in potato Agronomy (1).The effect of variety, seed size and spacing on growth, development and yield. Journal of Agric Sci. Camb.66:241-252.
[6]. Caldiz, D.O. (1991). Influence of Origin and Storage system on Physiological age, crop growth and tuber yield of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Indian Journal of Agric Sci. 61:1-6.

ABSTRACT: We know that paddy and wheat are generally grown in winter season, but in both are not grown if paddy is grown in dry season ( hot weather) it need more and more water, and wheat is never grown in dry season. If it have no more water it would be die. If it have larger amount of water it will be living. Sometimes people will give it fertilizers and pesticides such as – NPK and Ammonia. NPk contain Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium where Nitrogen is most important for plants not for human. It gives human many type of diseases or kill human. That' why we think an idea for cure this problem by inspired by this problem. Premise of study- We use this topic because we want to prove that angiosperm and gramineaefamily plants are also able grown in low amount of water and also important to take interest and take action on it. Also we take this plants because they are very common plants in our daily life. Keywords: Ammonia, NPK,Ovum,Plant,Sperm.

[2]. Murneek and Whyte- Symposium on Vernalisation and Photo periodism, Chronica Botanica Co. 1964.
[3]. Whyte, R. O. – Crop Production and Environment.
[4]. Lang A- Physiology of flowering. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology, 1952.
[5]. Liverman, J.L.- Physiology of Flowering. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology, 1955.

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was undertaken to establish anatomical norms on gross anatomical study of skull of adult Pygmy hog. In the present investigation, three adult Pygmyhog were utilized. The skull was macerated and processed. The skull of Pygmy hog has frontal, lateral, nuchal and basal surfaces. The frontal surface of the skull was formed by the parietal, frontal, nasal, parts of the maxilla and the incisive bone and lateral surface has zygomatic arch which had no medial connection with the frontal bone was strongly curved dorsally like the roof of the cranium. The nuchal surface of the skull of pygmy hog was formed in the middle by the squamous and the lateral parts of the occipital bone and at the two sides by the squamous temporal bone. The basal surface of the skull which formed the osseous hard palate was almost completely enclosed by the alveolar processes of the maxilla and the incisive bones. Result obtained showed that the skull of adult Pygmy hog has a very short zygomatic process of the frontal bone leading to incomplete bony orbit.

Keywords: Morphology, Skull, Pygmy hog, Forensic, Approach.

[1]. Oliver, W.I.R. and Deb Roy , S., The Pygmy Hog (Sus salvanius). In:Oliver W.I.R: Pigs Peccaries, and Hippo. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.1993, 121-128.
[2]. Deka, A., Sarma, K. and Das, B.J. Histomorphological observation on the testes of Pygmy Hog
( Porcula salvania).Ind.Vet.J. 91(05),2014,82-83.
[3]. Narayan, G.and Deka, P. J., Conservation Breeding and Reintroduction of critically endangered Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania)- A background note of in house publication, 2012,4.
[4]. Hymen, L N., Comparative Veterinary Anatomy, University of Chicago Press,1942, 533.
[5]. Sission, S.,Sission and Grossman's The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, R. Getty (Ed), W. B.
-Saunders Ca, Philadelphia,1975, 937-39.

ABSTRACT: In the present investigation, a total of 42 Pati ducks were utilized. The ducks were randomly divided into seven (7) groups consisting of six (6) birds in each group. The seven groups of birds were sacrificed at 7 different age viz. day old, 2 weeks, 4weeks, 8weeks, 20weeks, 30weeks and 40 weeks. The location and relative topographic in-situ position of the thyroid gland was recorded. Both the thyroid glands were taken out and the weight of each of them were recorded. The paired thyroid glands in the Pati ducks were located on either side of the trachea close to the vascular angle formed by the subclavian artery and common carotid artery. The average lengths of the thyroid gland were 0.2716± 0.0054 cm and 0.2750 ± 0.0050 cm for left and right respectively in day old ducks. Weight of the thyroid gland also showed an increasing trend with age.

Keywords: Thyroid gland, Pati ducks, Age groups.

[1]. Firdous, A.D., Lucy, K.M. and Chungath, J.J. ( 2012). Comparison of thyroid gland parameters with body weight and age in kuttanad ducks during postnatal period, J. Vet. Anim.Sci., 43 : 71-74.
[2]. Gracey, J.F. (1968). Bleeding method of slaughtering- slaughter.Meat Hygine.8th Edn. 144-145pp.
[3]. Hodges, R.D. (1974). The Histology of the fowl.Academic press,New York.440-445pp.
[4]. Mc Cance, R.A. (1974). The effect of age on the weights and lengths of pigs intestine.J.Anat., 117(3):475-479.
[5]. Nichols, C.W., Chaikoff, I.L. and Wolff, J. (1949). The relative growth of the thyroid gland in the bovine fetus.Endocrinology., 44:502-509.

ABSTRACT: The main goal of this paper is to study the effect of injectingthe eggs embryos with certain levels of nutrient solutions (vitamin E 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid lysine 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid methionine 1.5 mg egg and a mixture of vitamin E and lysine and methionine 1.5 mg / egg) in the proportion of mortality of embryonic and hatchability and initial weight 1 g / day. Results wereindicated a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the percentage of embryonic mortality in the treatmentinjection with methionine and the treatment of the mixture of vitamin E, lysine and methionine. Though arithmetic improvements in the percentage of hatching and in the initial weight of the hatched chicks (1g/day) were achieved in case of vitamin E injection treatment, theseimprovements weren't getinto the significance (P <0.05) in the percentage of hatching ratio, and in theinitial weight of hatched chicks. Moreover, arithmetic improvements weren't get the significance (P <0.05) in case of vitamin E, lysine, and methionine mixture injection treatment. We conclude from this study, the in ovo possibility of injecting eggs embryoswith 1.5 mg / egg of vitamin E solution to improve hatchability and initial weight, methionine solution and lysine - methionine – vitamin E solution to reduce the proportion of embryonic mortality.
Keywords: Nutrients, In-ovo injection, Mortality, Weight, Broiler Chickens

[1]. Al-Murrani,W.K.1978.Maternal effect on embryonic and post embryonic growth inPoultry.Br.poult. Sci. 19:277-281.
[2]. Al-Murrani,W.K.1982.Effect of injecting amino acids into the egg on Embryonic and Subsequent growth in the domestic fowl.Br.Poultry.Sci.23:171-174.
[3]. Al-Zuhairy M., Alasadi Y. Effect of in ovo injection with Newcastle disease vaccine, multivitamins AD3E, and Omega-3 on performance and immune response of broiler. I.J.A.B.R, 3(2) 2013: 208-211.
[4]. Bakyaraj, S., S. K. Bhanja, S. Majumdar and B. Dash. 2012. Modulation of post-hatch growth and immunity through in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92:313-320.
[5]. Bhanja, S.K., Mandal A.B., AgarwalS.K.,MajumdarS. and Bhattacharyya A.2007.Effectof in ovo injection of vitamins on the chick weight and post-hatch Growth performancein broiler chickens .World poultry Science Association, Proceedings of the 16thEurpean Symposium on poultry Nutrition,India.

ABSTRACT: The assessment of different rates of poultry manure on the growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was conducted at Imo State Polytechnic Teaching and Research Farm. The area is in a humid tropical agro-ecological zone. The objective was to evaluate yields under different poultry manure rates. The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated four (4) times. Each replicate was made up of six (6) plots. Treatments include poultry manure of rates of 0, 4, 8t/ha and turmeric rhizome seeds. Evaluations of growth parameters were made at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after planting (WAP) on plant height, No of leaves/plant, leaf area, No of days to 50% flowering on each plots while yield values were determined at harvest at thirty six weeks after planting. Analysis of variance result (ANOVA) indicate that application of poultry manure at 8t/ha increased rhizome yield 2185.7kg/ha, dry matter 33.50kg/ha, plant height, No of leaves/plant & leaf area significantly (P < 0.05) and enhance flowering to 151.50days. The post-harvest physcio-chemical analysis of the experimental site indicates that the application of poultry manure decreased soil bulk density (from 1.23 to 0.98), increased pH (from 5.25 to 6.27). It was concluded that poultry manure application at 8t/ha is optimum for improved performance of turmeric.

Keywords: Turmeric, poultry manure, application rates, yield, Nigeria.

[1]. Adeniya O.N and S.O. Ojeniyi (2005) Effect of poultry manure, NKP 15:15:15 and combination of their reduced levels on maize growth and soil chemical properties, Niger J. soil science 13: 68 – 75.
[2]. Akanni D.I. (2005). Response of nutrient composition and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) to livestock manure; PH.D Thesis, Department of Crop, Soil and Pest management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria.
[3]. Ano, A.O. and J.A. Agwu (2005): Effect of animal manures on selected soil chemical properties (1) Nigerian Journal. soil science 15:14 – 19.
[4]. Dinesh, R. Srinivasan, V. Hamja, S. and Mahjusha A. (2010) Short term incorporation of organic manures and fertilizers influences biochemicals and microbial characteristics of soil under an annual crop turmeric. Bio-resource technology 101(12): 4697 – 702.
[5]. Hinkelmann, K. and Kempthrone (1994) Design and Analysis of Experiments. Vol. 1. Introduction to Experimental Design, John Wiley and Sons New York 495pp.

ABSTRACT: India is a developing country the main occupation is agriculture because 70% of the population in involved in this occupation many women is developing countries are occupied.
Swaminathan, the famous agriculture scientiinst describe that it was women who first dominicated crop plants and plants and there by the art and science of farming. While men went out hunting is search of food women started gathering seeds from the native flora and began cultivating those of interest the point of viewfood, feed, fodder, fiber, & fuel.

[1]. Mohod Kalpna [2000]Role of women farm and home dicision.M.Sc.[Agri.]thesis r.Punjabra Deshmukh Krishi vidyapeeth,Akola[M.S.]
[2]. Ghuman, P.K. and H.K. Gill [2006].Rural women as dairy manager. Agriculture ext.
[3]. Chandrakala, H.T.[2009].Extent of knowledge, Adoption and Utilization pattern of farm women laborers in Dairy management. An Analysis,M.SC.[Agri] Thesis, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore.

ABSTRACT: The Nicobarese were the largest tribal group inhabiting 12 islands with major concentration in Car Nicobar. As there is no reliable information on the biophysical set up, socioeconomic and farming system characteristics of these Islands, the study aims to derive baseline information on the above aspects, which is essential for any planning process. The agricultural production in Nicobar Islands is mainly dictated by rainfall. The soils are inherently acidic except in Car Nicobar and Katchal where neutral to calcareous soils are found. The tribes are living in a social system called tuhet and have no individual land rights. Majority (73.4%) of the household heads comes under active workforce with worker consumer ratio of about 60%. The coconut is the predominant crop occupying 84% of the agricultural area. On an average 235 coconut trees were owned by an individual household with values ranging from 10 to 1000.

[1] S.T.Das, The Indian Islands (New Delhi:Cosmo publications,1985)
[2] R.S.Mann, Andaman and Nicobar Tribes Restudied: Encounters and Concerns (New Delhi: Mittal Publications,2005).
[3] S.P.Wani and B. Shiferaw, Baseline characterization of benchmark India, Thailand and Vietnam. Global Theme on Agroecosystems (Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2005)
[4] G.Rasul, Factors Influencing Land Use Change in Areas with Shifting Cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh,doctoral diss., Bangkok,2003.
[5] Statistical Handbook on Nicobar district, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Port Blair: Andaman and Nicobar Administration, 2011)
[6] C.J.P. Colfer, D.W.Gill and F.Agus, An Indigenous Agricultural Model from West Sumatra: A Source of Scientific Insight, Agricultural Systems, 26,1988.191-209.
[7] N.S. Ghotge, Importance of Biodiversity, .Proc. Seminar on Livestock based livelihoods – An action programme for the Andaman and Nicobar islands, Port Blair,2006,31-32.

ABSTRACT: Employees who are satisfied tends to be more productive, creative and committed. The job performance and job satisfaction of Extension Agents (EAs) in Rivers State Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) were investigated. The population of study included all 216 male and female EAs in the study area. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to selected 48EAs who comprised the sample for the study. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Relevant data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, pooled mean and ranking. Among others, it was found that about 90% of the EAs were male, more than 77% were aged 31-40 years, over 93% were married and about 91% were academically qualified. Majority of the respondents were living outside their circles whole 72%-93% of all the EAs were only able to achieved less than 34%of expected regular field visits, attendance to Block and Fortnightly Meetings, establishment of On Farm Research (OFR) and the number of Small Plot Adoption Techniques (SPATs).

[1]. Adekunle, O.A. and Olatunji, S.O. (1999). "Traditional believes associated with food crop production in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State". Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR). 1(2): 33-49.
[2]. Asiabaka, C. C. (1992) An assessment of training needs and performance of women Agricultural Extension personnel in Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Extension. 7 (1&2):1-5.
[3]. Benor, D. and Harrison J. Q. (1977). Agricultural Extension: The Training and Visit system. The World Bank, Washington D. C., 206 pages.
[4]. CTA (2000) The economic role of women in Agricultural and rural development: Promoting income generating activities. Summary report of a Seminar. Athens, Greece. 18-22 October.
[5]. Ijere, M. O. (1992) Leading issues in Rural Development. Enugu: Acena Publishers

ABSTRACT: Two experiments were carried out to record the progesterone (P4) profile of Nubian goats during oestrous cycle and postpartum. In experiment I, 8 cyclic does were i.m injected with 2 doses of 125μg of prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α) 11 days apart to synchronize oestrous. Eleven serum samples, were collected from each doe at an interval of 2 days after the commencement of behavioral oestrous sings (day 0) and assayed for P4 levels. The mean P4 concentration (conc.) on day 0 was 0.12 ± 0.01 ng/ml, then it increased gradually to reach a peak of 6.03 ± 0.25 ng/ml on day 10 and it assumed a plateau over days 12 to 16. A sharp decline in P4 conc. was recorded on day 18 (0.3 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and a further drop (0.19 ± 0.00 ng/ml) ended the cycle on day 20. In experiment II, 10 parturient does were employed to study P4 profile during postpartum. Twenty one milk samples, collected from each doe at 4 days interval starting from day 3 postpartum, were assayed for P4 levels. The milk P 4 level remained below 0.04 ng/ml until a mean of 45 days postpartum; thereafter it increased to attain values ≥ 1.0 ng/ml after the commencement of the first oestrus postpartum. It is concluded that P4 profile of the Sudan Nubian goats during oestrous cycle and postpartum follows the normal trend of the P4 profile of other breeds of goats with very minute differences in P4 conc. and the timing of peak values.
Keywords: Progesterone profile, oestrous cycle, postpartum, Nubian goats.

[1] Akusu, M.O.E.; Nduka, and Soyelo, B. A. (1992). Peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol in West African Dwarf goats during the oestrous cycle . Small Ruminants Research and Development in Africa. Proceedings of the first Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminants Research Network, ILRAD, Nairobi, Kenya.
[2] Badawi , M. E. , Makawi, S. E. A, Abdelghafar, R. M., Ibrahim, M.T.Assessment of postpartum uterine involution and progesterone profile in Nubian goats (Capra hircus). J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2014; 1(2): 36-41. doi:10.5455/javar.2014.a10
[3] Elsheikh, A. S., El naiem, W. M., Abdalla, H.O., Mohammed E. M. (2004). Feeding castor beans to cyclic Nubian goats induces luteolysis of the corpus luteum. Sudan journal of animal production. Sudan J. of Anim. Prod. 17: 32-44.
[4] Elsheikh, A. S. and Yagoub, M. S. (2006). Effect of age, prolificacy and gonadotropine releasing hormone treatment on postpartum period in Sudanese Nubian goats. U of K. J. Agric, Sci 14(1): 165-160.
[5] Elsheikh A., S.; Omer, N. N.; Alqurashi, A. M. (2013). Management of Postpartum Interval of Nubian goats with PGF2α and GnRH. Journal of American Science, 9(3):181-184