IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2015

ABSTRACT: The experiment consisting induced mutation in groundnut were performed by exposing the healthy and dry seeds to gamma rays viz.,20, 30 and 40 Kr doses and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) viz.,40mM and 60mM. The observations were made for seed quality parameters such as root length, shoot length, seedling length and vigour index, in the treated plants The experimental material were evaluated in CRD design. The experimental results revealed that the percentage of germination had decreased after irradiation and the effect become stronger with increase of gamma dose.

[1]. Abdul Baki, A. A. and J.D. Anderson, 1973. Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop science 3:630-633.
[2]. [Amjad Muhammad and Muhammad Akbar Anjum, 2002. Effect of gamma radiation on onion seed viability, germination potential, seedling growth and morphology. Pak J. Agri. S.Vol. 39 (2); pp- 202-206.
[3]. Aparna. M. , Anurag Chaturvedi , M. Sreedhar. , D. Pavan Kumar , P. Venu-Babu and R. K. Singhal, 2013.Impact of Gamma Rays on the Seed Germination and Seedling Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. Vol 4 (1), pp : 61-68.
[4]. Borzouei, M. Kafi, H. Khazaei, B. Naseriyan and A. Majdabadi, 2010. Effects of gamma radiation on germination and physiological aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2281-2290.
[5]. Mathur, R. K., P. Manivel, H. K. Gor and B. M. Chikani , 1997. Effect of DES and EMS on field germination and survival in groundnut. J. Oilseed Res. 14. (1): 122-123

ABSTRACT: The study examined the information sources and utilization behavior of poultry farmers in Jalingo Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 70 poultry farmers in six out of the ten wards based on significant participation in poultry farming. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. The results revealed that 38.6% of the respondents were 45 years old or younger. All (100%) of the respondents had one form of education or the other, 80 % were married while 52.9 % were female.

[1]. FAO (1999),Statistical Database.Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
[2]. NPC(2006), National Population Commission Official Census Gazette, Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Federal Government Printer, Lagos.
[3]. Olajide T.O (2011): Poultry farmers Awareness and use of poultry extension information in Ibadan metropolis: proposal presented to the Department of Agriculture Extension University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
[4]. Omolehin, O. A and Palmer, M.O (2007), Role of the Public sector in Agricultural finance: West Africa. Journal of Agricultural Economic 1:16-22.
[5]. Undiandeye, U,C and Vosanka I.P (2008) Mass media and Agricultural Development in Nigeria an Over view in Ogunbameru B.O, Undiandeye, U.C, and Ani A.O (eds) Agricultural Extension Methodologies: Apani Publishers, Kaduna PP 97 – 108.

ABSTRACT: One hundred day old broiler chicks used for this study were grouped into 5 experimental groups 1 to 5 with group 5 being the control group. Feeds of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were supplemented with Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E + Selenium and a combination of Vitamins A + C + E and Selenium respectively. All the birds were vaccinated against ND with LaSota in drinking water at 21 days of age. Sera samples were obtained at weeks 2, 3, 4 and 5 post LaSota vaccination to measure antibody titres using HI test. All the groups fed vitamin – mineral supplemented feeds had higher HI titres than the control group 5 (P< 0.05). High level vitamin – mineral supplementation was beneficial to enhancing immune responses of broilers vaccinated against NDV.

Keywords: Newcastle disease, Vitamins, Minerals, Broilers, Immune response

[1.] Alders RG, Costa R, Dias P, Fringe R, Fumo A, Lobo Q, Mata BV, Silva A and Young MP (2001). Investigations into the control of Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens in Mozambique: Review of work done in Mozambique. Report on the ACIAR/INIVE Newcastle Disease Control Project Coordination Meeting, Tofo, Inhambane Province, Appendix 3.
[2.] Al-Garib SO, Gielkens AlJ, and Coch G (2003). Review of Newcastle Disease Virus with particular references to immunity and vaccination. World Poultry Science Journal 59: 185-197
[3.] Beard CW and Hanson RP (1984). Newcastle Disease. In: Hofstad M. S., H.J. Barnes, B.W. Calnek, W.M. Reid, and H.W. Yoder (Eds.), Diseases of Poultry (pp. 450 - 470), Iowa State University Press, Ames.
[4.] Adene DF (1990). Country Report on the Management and Health Problems of Rural Poultry Stock in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of Seminar on Small Holder Rural Poultry Production. Intl. Centre for Trop. Agric. (CTA). Thessaloniki, Greece. 9-13th October, pp 175-182.
[5.] Spradbrow PB (1997). Policy framework for smallholder rural poultry development. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustainable Poultry Production in Arica held in Addis Ababa, Ethopia (pp. 30 – 39).

ABSTRACT: With a wider view to maintaining sound ecology and health, the study was designed to assess the toxic and repellent effect of natural bio pesticides named Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mahogoni (Swietenia mahagoni) and their mixtures at 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% concentrations on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L using factorial CRD with 2 factors. The results showed that the highest toxic and repellent effects were observed in Neem followed by mixture and Mahogoni, while insect mortality percentage was found to be directly proportional not only to the time after treatment but also to the level of concentration of the botanicals, and the repellent effect increases proportionally to the level of concentration of botanicals.

[1]. Rajendran, S., Postharvest pest losses. Encyclopedia of pest management. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002: p. 654-656.
[2]. Dhaliwal, G., V. Jindal, and A. Dhawan, Insect pest problems and crop losses: changing trends. Indian J Ecol, 2010. 37(1): p. 1-7.
[3]. Cloyd, R.A., Pesticides - Advances in Chemical and Botanical Pesticides, in Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Natural Enemies, R.P. Soundararajan, Editor 2012, InTech: Rijeka, Croatia. p. 127-150.
[4]. Hossain, M.A. and M.A. Haque, Efficacy of some indigenous plant extracts as grain protectant against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. , in Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 2010. p. 197-202.
[5]. Parugrug, M. and A. Roxas, Insecticidal action of five plants against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). KMITL Sci. Tech. J, 2008. 8: p. 24-38.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was aimed to identify the nutritional benefit and economic values of feeding hydroponically grown maize and barley fodder for Konkan Kanyal goats. The experiment was conducted at the Instructional livestock farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli-415712, District Ratnagiri (M.S.)-India. Eighteen growing male kids of 3-7 months old with initial body weight of 11.01±0.26 kg were grouped into six treatments (3 animals each) randomly to receive one of the treatment diets viz

[1]. J.J. Gupta, Fodder production and livestock feeding management in Eastern India (Unpub.), ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 2014.
[2]. A.R. Abubakr, A.R. Alimon, H. Yaakub, N. Abdullah, M. Ivan, Digestibility, rumen protozoa, and ruminal fermentation in goats receiving dietary palm oil by-products. Journal of Saudi Society of Agricultural Science, 12 (2), 2013, 147–154.
[3]. G. C. Banerjee, Animal nutrition oxford and IBH publishing company, part-II pp. 1978, 524-528.
[4]. ESNC, Egypt second national communication under the United Nations framework convention on climate change, UNFCCC, Published by Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, 2010
[5]. H.N. Pandey, and N.N. Pathak, Nutritional evaluation of artificially grown barley fodder in lactating crossbred cows. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 8 (1), 1991, 77–78.

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to find out the effect of three levels of sodium supplementation in water (0,500 and 1500 ppm) with relation to it varying content in feed (0,500 and 1500 ppm) with relation to its varying content in feed (0 and 0.5 per cent) on the performance of broiler. A total of 378 day old, commercial broiler chicks were raised on deep litter. There were three replication each having 21 chicks. They were fed for 8 week of age.

[1]. NRC (1977) Nutrient requirements of domestic animals i. Nutrient requirement of poultry 7th Rev. Ed. Washington, D.C.
[2]. IST (1980) Indian Standard Specification for Poultry feeds, Manak Bhavan.
[3]. Reddy, V.R.; Reddy, V.R. and Reddy, E.G. (1982) Influence of salt level in water in relation to dietary salt level on the performance of broilers IX Annual conference and Symp. Indian Poult. Sc. Assoc. (1982) (Abstract).
[4]. AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis, Association of official Agricultural Chemists., 12nd Edn. Washington, D.C.

ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that results in great economic losses to farmers due to abortion and infertility leading to low productivity. To determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies, 280 serum samples were collected from goats in six districts in Giwa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive ELISA (cELISA) were used to detect Brucella antibodies in the samples. Out of the 280 sera tested, 23 (8.2%) and 7 (2.5%) were positive using RBPT and cELISA respectively. Female goats had more (8.3%) antibodies to Brucella species than the males (8.0%), whereas, the males had more (4.0%) antibodies to Brucella melitensis than the females (2.2%).

[1]. P.J. Quinn, M.E. Carter, B. Markey, and G.R. Carter, Clinical veterinary microbiology (Mosby International Limited, Edinburgh. 1999) 261–267.
[2]. M. Refai, Incidence and control of brucellosis in the near east region. Veterinary Microbiology, 90, 2002, 81–110.
[3]. B.K. Baek, C.W. Lim, M.S. Rahman, C.H. Kim, A. Oluoch, and I. Kakoma, Brucella abortusinfection in indigenous Korean dogs. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 67, 2003, 312–314.
[4]. Kakoma, A.O. Oluoch, B.K. Baek, M.S. Rahman, and M. Kiku, More attention warranted on Brucellaabortus in animals. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 2003, 222, 284.

ABSTRACT: This experiment was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research farm to evaluate the nutrient composition, production cost, physical characteristics and rumen degradation pattern of multi-mineral blocks used in ruminant feeding in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. Five (5) Multi-mineral blocks were developed (F1 - F5), each containing different proportion of potash, wood ash, eggshell, salt and locust bean pulp (daurawa). 5g of each formulated multi-mineral block was incubated in the rumen of a bull for degradation study at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours.

[1]. Abbator, F. I. (1990). Effect of seasonal change on the live weight of wadara cattle in the semi – arid zone of Nigeria.Bsc Project, Submitted to the department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri.
[2]. Aarts, G.R, Sansoucy, R and Levieux,G.P (1990): Guide line for the manufacture and
[3]. utilization of molasses, urea blocks. Mimiography FAO, Rome, Italy.
[4]. Alhassan, W. S., Lufadeju, E. A. and Bello, S. A. (1985).The potential of a dry ruminant content blood mixture as a feed for ruminant's animals.10th Annual conference. Nigeria. Abstr.Pp. 61.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to compare adaptation of wheat genotypes in warmer environment by means of canopy temperature depression (CTD). CTD of four wheat genotypes (BARI gom 25, BARI gom 26, BAW 1135 and Pavon 76) was determined at different sowing dates (29 November, 5 December, 16 December, 23 December and 30 December) along with corresponding changes of yield components and yield. CTD on 29 November sowing was almost similar in all genotypes (mean CTD at different stages was 5.9oC for BARI gom 26 and 5.5oC for Pavon 76). In 30 December sowing BARI gom 26 showed higher mean value of CTD (2.32oC) whereas Pavon 76 showed lower value (0.88oC) at different stages indicating that BARI gom 26 maintained cooler canopies even at post anthesis heat stress condition compared to Pavon 76.

[1]. R. C. G. Smith, H. D. Barrs and J. L. Steiner. Alternative models for predicting the foliage-air temperature difference of well
irrigated wheat under variable meteorological conditions. Irrig. Sci. 7, 1986, 225-236.
[2]. M. P. Reynolds, S. Nagarajan, M. A. Razzaque and O. A. A Ageeb. Breeding for adaptation to environmental factors, heat
tolerance. Reynolds, M. P., J. I. Ortiz-Monasterio, A. McNab (eds), Application of physiology in wheat breeding, Cimmyt, Mexico,
DF, 2001, 124-135.
[3]. I. Amani, R.A. Fischer, and M.P. Reynolds. Canopy temperature depression association with yield of irrigated spring wheat
cultivars in hot climate. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 176, 1996, 119–129.
[4]. R. Munjal, and R. K. Rana, Evaluation of physiological traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for terminal high temperature
tolerance. Proceedings of the Tenth International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Poestum, Italy, 2 (3), Classical and Molecular
Breeding. 2003, 804-805.

ABSTRACT: Poverty in Nigeria afflicts both urban and rural dwellers. There is no state or region in Nigeria that is not afflicted by this disease called poverty. Poverty level in Nigeria contradicts the country's immense wealth. The level of poverty in Nigeria is astronomically high to the extent that it has become worrisome. Financial services for poor have proven to be a powerful instrument for reducing poverty, enable them to build assets, increase earnings and reduce their vulnerability to economic stress.

[1]. Asian Development Bank(ADB),(2000) Finance for the poor: Microfinance Development Statepy, in Nissanke M. (2002) Donors' Support for Micro-credit as social Enterprise: A Critical Reappraisal. ADB (Asian Development Bank).
[2]. Akanji, O.A.,( 2001). Microfinance as a Strategy for Poverty Reduction. CBN Economic and Financial Review vol., No.4, (11. August 2011): pp. 159-168.
[3]. Alemu, B. A. (2006). Microfinance and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia. A Paper prepared under the internship program of IDRC, ESARO, Nairobi
[4]. Anyanwu, C.M (2004) Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria: Policy, Practice and Potentials Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria November, 2004 Paper Presented at the G24 Workshop on ―Constraints to Growth in Sub Saharan Africa,‖ Pretoria, South Africa, November 29-30, 2004
[5]. Asemelash, B (2002). The Impact of Microfinance in Ethiopia: The Case of DCSI in Ganta Afeshum Woreda of Eastern Tigray.M.A.Thesis, Department of RLDS, AAU.

ABSTRACT: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Inter Specific Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used to identify the genotypes through DNA fingerprinting and to study the DNA polymorphism in twelve mungbean genotypes. A total of thirty primers were used in this study and eighteen of them generated polymorphic pattern. Amplification of genomic DNA of these primers yielded 159 fragments out of them 117 are polymorphic and showed 73% polymorphism. Number of polymorphic primers obtained with these primers ranged from two fragments (VR062) to seventeen fragments (OPB12). Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 50% (OPB1) to 100% (OPD6 and VR0155).

[1]. Akanksha Singh, Dikshit, H. K, Neelu jain, Singh, D and Yadav, R. N, Efficiency of SSR, ISSR and RAPD markers in molecular characterization of mungbean and other Vigna species, Indian Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13, 2014, 81-88.
[2]. Chattopadhyay, K, Md. Nasim Ali, Sarkar, H. K, Mandal, N and Battacharya. S, Diversity analysis by RAPD and ISSR markers among the selected mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), Indian Journal of Genetics, 65(3), 2005, 173-175.
[3]. Gupta, Sen Gupta, D, Anjum, K. T, Pratap, A and Kumar, J, Transferability of simple sequence repeat markers in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper), Australian J Crop Sci, 7, 2013, 345–353.
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[5]. Karuppanapandian, T, Karuppudurai, T, Pritam Bala Sinha, Kamarul Haniya, A and Manoharan, Genetic diversity in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] landraces analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(13), 2006, 1214-1219.

ABSTRACT: The study determined profitability of dry and rainy season okra production among women in Ayamelum local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of 100 respondents. An interview schedule was used to collect data, while mean and gross margin (GM) analyses were used for data analysis. Results of the findings showed that okra production had various potentials such as less capital for establishment, low cost of production, quick cash return, high frequency of harvest, high land utilization, can thrive well in varieties of soil among others.

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[4]. National Academies Press (NAP), Lost crops of Africa Volume II: Vegetables. Retrieved on 25th April, 2011 from www.nap.edu/catalog/11763.html, 2006, 287-301. (1)
[5]. O.C. Adeboye, J.O. Awokoya and E. Oluseyi, Effect of seasonal changes on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschs esculentus) (L) Moench. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(9), 2009, 940-943. (2)