IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-7 ~ JULY-2015

ABSTRACT: Biocontrol agent Trichoderma has attained importance for substitute of chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters with antagonistic ability. Twelve isolates belonging to Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride were assessed for their antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. lycopearsicie and Xanthomonas campestris. Pv.vesicatoria.

[1]. Appel DJ and Gordon TR (1996) Relation among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum based on the partial sequence of the integenic spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Mol. Plant-Microbe Int. 9: 125-139.
[2]. Benitez T, Rincon AM, Limon M, Carmen, Codon A (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int. Microb. 7: 249-260.
[3]. Bornet B, Goraguer F, Joly G, Branchard M (2002). Genetic diversity in European and Argentinian cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Genome 45: 481-484.
[4]. Charlesworth B, Sniegowski P, Stephan W (1994). The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes. Nature, 371: 215-220.
[5]. Cumagun CJR, Hockenhull J and Lubeck M. (1999) Identification characterization of Trichoderma isolates from Phillipine rice yields by UP-PCR and RDNA ITSI analysis. Res. Program. Plant Protect. Plant Nutrition. 37-47.

ABSTRACT: This paper uses data from a survey of 245 smallholder dairy households in two divisional administrative zones in Western Kenya to establish the benefits and challenges smallholder dairy farmers experience in using ICT tools to source information on insemination services and breeding stock. The results show that websites, email, electronic identification system, video and CD was the least forms of ICT tools which farmers used when either sourcing information for insemination services or breeding stock with a mean <1. Results however shows that majority of the farmers at least uses radio as a tool for sourcing information for dairy insemination services with a mean of 2.44.

[1]. Ministry of livestock development. (2006). Annual Report.
[2]. SDP (Smallholder Dairy Project). (2004). Employment Generation in the Kenya Dairy Industry. Policy Brief 2. SDP, Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved on June 3, 2011 from http://www.smallholderdairy.org/
[3]. Staal, S. J., Baltenweck, I., Waithaka, M., de Wolff, T. and Njoroge, L. (2002). Location and uptake: integrated household and GIS analysis of technology adoption and land use, with application to smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Agricultural Economics 27 (3): 295-315.
[4]. Ghobrial, R. and Musa, A. (2006). Towards an Agricultural Information Network in Sudan. First IAALD Africa Chapter Conference, Nairobi, Kenya 21-26 May 2006.
[5]. Kinyili, J.M. (2003). Diagnostic Study of the Dairy Industry in Kenya. Kenya

ABSTRACT: The study was an analysis of gross margin and resource use efficiency in Sesame production among small-scale farmers in Benue State, Nigeria during the 2013/2014 farming season. The primary data used for the investigation were obtained using an interview schedule and purposively collected from 200 respondents. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, t-test and stochastic production frontier were used for the data analysis. The mean gross margin per hectare was N168,808.52, the mean total revenue was N317,500.00 and the mean total variable cost was N148,691.48 while labour cost was the highest cost incurred by the respondents. The mean outputs obtained by the respondents were 2280.0 kilogrammes.

[1]. Akintunde, B.O., Tunde-Akintunde, T.Y (2004), "Some physical properties of sesame seed", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 88(1):127-129.
[2]. Ashaolu, O.F., Momoh, S. Ayinde, I.A. and Ugalahi, G.B. (2010) "Analysis of Resource-use efficiency in Beniseed Production in Obi and Doma Local Government Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Creative Arts UNAAB 5(1):79-90.
[3]. Benue State Agricultural and Rural development Authority (1999) Highlights of BNARDA‟s programmes, Makurdi, Pp 1-15.
[4]. Chavas, J.P., Roln, M. (2005). "Farm household production efficiency: evidence from Gambia". America Journal of Agricultural Economics, 87(1) 160-179.

ABSTRACT: An intensive soil survey and land use evaluation study of a proposed irrigation project site at the Ejigbo Dam in Ejigbo, Osun State, south-west Nigeria, was carried out. The major objective was to identify the soil types to obtain information about their productivity under irrigation. A rigid grid system of survey was adopted. Five soil types were identified on the site along the toposequence from the upper part of the slope to the valley bottom. These are: Plinthic Ustropept; Plinthic Tropustalf; Plinthic Ustropept; Plinthic Tropustalf and Typic Plinthaqualf.

1]. Adeoye, G.O. and A.A. Agboola (1985): Critical levels for soil pH, available P, K, Zn and Mn and maize ear leaf content of P, Cu and Mn in sedimentary soil of south western Nigeria. Fertilizer Res. 6(1): 65.
[2]. Agboola, A.A. and O. Ayodele (1987): Soil test calibration for upland rice in south western Nigeria. Fertilizer Research 14: 227-234.
[3]. Agboola, A.A. and R.B. Corey (1973): The relationship between soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium magnesium and nine elements in the maize tissue. Soil Science 115:367-375.
[4]. Agboola A.A. and G.O. Obigbesan (1974): The response of some improved food crop varieties to fertilizers in the forest zone of western Nigeria. Report on the FAO/NORAD and Fed. Dept. of Agric. Seminar on fertilizer use development in Nigeria, Ibadan. Pp 1-9.
[5]. Anderson, J.M. and J.S. Ingram: (1993). TSBF "A handbook of Analytical Methods". 221p.

ABSTRACT: Transmission of trypanosome is traditionally related to vectors, Glossina,Tarbanids and Stomoxys but is implicated in leeches. Increasing seropositive cases of Human African Trypanosome without corresponding vector implication has been noted in Abraka, Nigeria. This fails to explain the epidemiological relation between vector presence and humans infected with African Trypanosomiasis in the study area. Surveillance of trypanosome among wild animals may be complex and difficult. Besides, wild life such as Bushbuck and Hogs are known to be healthy carriers of trypanosomes and can sustain transmission in both human and livestock.

[1]. Al-Khleif A, Roth M, Menge C, Heuser J, Baljer G, and Herbst W (2011): Tenacity of mammalian viruses in the gut of leeches fed with porcine blood.J Med Microbiol.60 (6):787-92.
[2]. Anderson,N.E ; Mubanga,J; Fevre, E.M; Picozzi, K; Eisler, M.C.; Thomas, R ; Welburn, S.C. (2011): Characterisation of the Wildlife Reservoir Community for Human and Animal Trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia PLoSNeglTropDis 5(6): 1211-1218.
[3]. Baskova, I. P. (2004): Protein Profiling of the Medicinal Leech Salivary gland Secretion by Proteomic analytic Methods .Biochemistry (Moscow):69:770-775
[4]. Bertelsen and Thomsen ( 2012): Leeches are DNA bloodhound in the jungle. http://news.ku.dk/all_news/2012/2012.4/leeches_bloodhounds_bio/
[5]. City (town): Abraka: map,population,location. Http://www.tiptopglobe.com/city?n=Abraka&p=6940.
[6]. Enwenzor, E. N. and Ukah, J. C (2001): Advance Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in a child. Case report: The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology. 21: 143-146.

ABSTRACT: Crop improvement procedures are usually heralded by genetic variability studies among relevant species. Nine early fruiting cacao genotypes from Owena, South-West Nigeria were analysed using a sampling unit of five uniformly ripe pods (fruits) from each of three replications (5x3=15). Seventeen quantitative data from the fruits and beans were subjected to analysis. Significant (P≤0.05) variability was shown by these genotypes. High broad sense heritability (Hbs) was observed in time to fruit harvest (97.22), fruit weight (82.02) and beans weight after fermentation (80.19).

[1]. Adewale, B. D.; Adeigbe, O.O.; Adenuga, O.O.; Adepoju, A.F.; Muyiwa, A.A. & Aikpokpodion, P.O. 2013. Descriptive and discriminatory significance of pod phenotypic traits for diversity analysis of cocoa genotypes. Journal of Plant Breeding & Genetics. 01 (03) 131-137
[2]. Adewale, B.D. & Kehinde, O.B. 2014. Inheritance and stability of some agronomic traits of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst Ex. A. Rich) Harms). In: Omokhafe, K.O. & Odewale, J.O (Eds). Genetics: Public awareness and national transformation. Proceedings of the 38th annual conference of the Genetics Society of Nigeria, 19th-23rd October, 2014. 349-359
[3]. Adewale, B.D.: Okonji, C.; Oyekanmi, A.A; Akintobi, D.A.C & Aremu, C.O. 2010. Genotypic variability and stability of some grain yield components of Cowpea. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(9):874-880
[4]. Aikpokpodion, P.O. 2010. Variation in agro-morphological characteristics of cacao, Theobroma cacao L., in farmers' field in Nigeria. New Zeal. J. Crop Horti.Sci. 38:157-170

ABSTRACT: Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis is still a major impediment to livestock productivity in many parts of sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria inclusive. However, the prevalence of the disease in Bagudo Local Government Area in Northwestern Nigeria is unknown, despite several claims, by Fulani herdsmen, of its existence in the region. Thus, a short survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Trypanosome species using microscopic examination and molecular technique by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using ITS-1 generic primers. Microscopic examination showed only 1out of 118 blood samples was infected with T. vivax, representing 0.8% prevalence.

[1]. Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, NITR 2010: Annual Scientific Report.
[2]. Kuzoe FAS (1993). Current situation of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Trop. 54(3-4): 153–162.
[3]. Cochran W.G., 1963. Sampling Techniques, Wiley, New York, 413 p.
[4]. Murray M, Murray PK, McIntyre WIM (1977). An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African Trypanosomiasis. Trans. Royal. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.71: 325-329.
[5]. Lloyd L, Johnson WB (1924). The trypanosome infections of tsetse flies in Northern Nigeria and a new method of estimation. Bull. Entomo.Res. 14: 265-288.
[6]. Adams ER, Malele I I, Msangi AR, Gibson WC (2006). Trypanosome identification in wild tsetse populations in Tanzania using generic primers to amplify the ribosomal RNA ITS-1 region. Acta Trop. 100: 103–109.

ABSTRACT: Study of Genotype x Environment interaction of 30 genotype of sesame over one check JLT-8 were studied at Oil Seed Research Station Latur, The experimental material was evaluated in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with 3 replications under different seasons during Summer 2013 , Kharif 2013, and Rabi 2013-2014. Stability analysis was carried out as per model of Eberhart and Russell (1966) for knowing causes of stability. The stability of 30 genotype of sesame for yield and yield components in sesame were significant for seeds yield per plant while number of capsule per plant, number of branches per plant also exhibit positive significantly association with seed yield per plant. Out of 30 genotype gt-02, rt-46 showed wide adaptability to all environments.

[1]. Anuradha,T and Lakshmikanta Reddy,G.2005. Phenotypic stability of yield and yield attributes in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J .Oils .Res, 22(1):25-28.
[2]. D Kumar. 1988. Phenotypic stability for quantitative traits of sesame under rainfed conditions of arid environment. J. Oilseed Res. 5(1988) : 8-12.
[3]. Jhansi rani, P.,P.V. Ramkumar (2013) Genetic parameters of yield and yield components pooled over environments in sesamum (sesamum indicum L.)Bio life 1(4):231-234
[4]. Kumaresan, D and Nadarajan,N 2010Genotype x environment interactions for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 1126-1132 (July 2010).
[5]. Velu, G. and Shunmugavalli, N. 2005. Genetic variation and genotypes x environment interaction in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J. Oils. Res. 22 (1): 178-179.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the serological findings of rodent Leptospirosis which is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused byLeptospira interrogans. Wild rodents serve as natural reservoirs of infection, human and few others domesticated animals are accidental hosts in the transmission cycle of leptospirosis. 459 rodents serum samples were collected during the year 2012-2013and stored at -20 °C.

[1]. World Health Organization (2003): Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis Surveillance and Control. World Health Organization, 109. ISBN 92–4–154589–5.
[2]. Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol2010; 140: 287-296.
[3]. Cinco M. New insights into the pathogenicity of leptospires: evasion of host defences. New Microbiol2010; 33: 283-292.
[4]. Bey R.F., Johnson R.C., 1986. Current status of leptospiral vaccines. Prog. vet. Microbiol. Immunol., 2: 175-197.
[5]. Songer J.G., Chilelli C.J., Marshall M.M., Noon T.H., Meyer R., 1983. Serological survey for leptospirosis in Arizona beef cattle in 1981. Am. J. vet. Res., 44: 1763-1764.

ABSTRACT: In the coastal basin of Oualidia, groundwater is the only freshwater resource, and beyond, facing a significant anthropogenic pressure and massive agricultural activity depends mainly on irrigation. The objective of this work is to bring an investigation, primarily intended to raise the type of cultures, a descriptive of the wells and its uses in irrigation and the irrigation schemes, in order to detect conditions that may affect the safety of these groundwater resources and the benefits of use of the system drip irrigation. The results revealed that 38.8 per cent of the wells surveyed by the questionnaire are proven non-covered, and even the wells covered are not totally immune to the external pollutants.

[1]. Arnaud L. & Gay B. 1994 : De l'eau pour le maraichage, Expériences et Procédés. Editions du Gret. 126 p.
[2]. Choukr-Allah R. 2004 : Protected cultures in Morocco : new trends and developments, International workshop : The production in the greenhouse after the era of the methyl bromide. Comiso (RG) Italy, p 187- 191.
[3]. Elattir H., 2005 : La conduite et le pilotage de l'irrigation Goutte à Goutte en Maraichage. TRANSFERT DE RECHNOLOGIE EN AGRICULTURE. Bulletin Mensuel d'information et de liaison du PNTTA, p6.
[4]. Food and agriculture organisation of the United Nations (FAO), 2012 : Le passage à l'irrigation localisée collective les résultats d'une expérience dans le périmètre des Doukkala. Rapport de capitalisation des acquis du Projet pilote d'économie et de valorisation de l'eau d'irrigation dans le périmètre des Doukkala (GCP/MOR/033/SPA), 73 p.
[5]. Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP, 2010) : Monographie de la région Doukala-Abda 2010. 90 p.

ABSTRACT: Intercropping, weed control, Soybean, Pigeon Pea, Imazethapyr, Imazimox

[1]. Kurchamia S. P., Rathi G. s. Bhalla C. S. and R. Mathew 2001. Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides for weed control in soybean (Glycine max) Indian J. Weed Science. 33 (1 & 2) : 34-37.
[2]. Kushwaha S. S. and M. D. Vyas 2005 Herbicidal weed control in soybean (Glycine Max) Indian Journal Agronomy 50 (3): 225-227.
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ABSTRACT: Afield study was conducted on infested brinjal plants to control the major insect pest Henosepilachnavigintioctopunctata. Brinjal or eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop of subtropics and tropics. The methanol and hexane extracts of Eucalyptus globulus and Anacardiumoccidentale were taken as sample and considered as botanical insecticides. By direct spraying method, the mortality rate was examined and the variation on percentage of death rate of grubs were analysed for 24 hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs. This study revealed that the extracts from E. globulusshowed best results among the other insecticides(80% & 60%) respectively.

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[4]. A.A. Hashmi, Insect pest management-Horticulture and Forest crops (Pakistan Agriculture Research Council. Asad Printers, Mughal Market, I-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan1994) 2-346.
[5]. P.W. Shaefer, Natural enemies and host plants of species in the epilachna (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae), a world list, Agric. Exp. Stn., Univ. Delaware, Bullet, 455,1983, 1-42.
[6]. B.L. Pareek, V.S. Karadi, Incidence on Epilachna beetle, EpilachnavigintioctopunctataFab. on different varieties of muskmelon, Cucumismeloin the field, Ann. Arid Zone, 30, 1991, 163-166.