IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ FEB-2016

ABSTRACT: Clove is one of the agricultural commodities that have high economic and strategic values. The objectives of this study are to assess climate elements that may affect the growth and yield of the clove (Syzygium aromatikum L. Merr & Perry), to assess the quality and characteristics of the soil in the plantation area of clove, and to assess the availability of groundwater in the plantation area of cloves. The study employed survey methods with a distance of free observation and transects surveys and types of identifying observations, mini pit and profile pit.

1]. JW. Purseglove,EG. Brown, CL. Green & SRJ. Robbins, Spices. Vol. 1. (Longman, 1981)
[2]. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Pedoman Teknis Rehabilitasi Tanaman Cengkeh Tahun 2012 (Kementrian Pertanian Republik
Indonesia, Jakarta, 2013).
[3]. Puslitbang perkebunan, Kebutuhan cengkeh untuk Industri Rokok Kretek (Infotek Perkebunan 4 (11) Desember 2012 Pusat
Penelitian dan Pengembangaan Perkebunan, Badan Litbaang Kementrian Pertanian, 2012).
[4]. Distan Malut, Laporan Tahunan Kinerja Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2013 (Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Maluku
Utara, Sofifi, 2014).
[5]. BPS. Kota Ternate Dalam Angka (Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara, 2014).
[6]. L. Rayes, Metode Inventarisasi Sumberdaya Lahan (Andi, Yogyakarta, 2007).
[7]. RH. Meena S.R. Choudhary and S.S. Sharma. Land Suitability for Maize in Banswara District of Rajasthan. Journal of Advances in
Developmental Research. 2(1): 47 – 49, 2011.

ABSTRACT: field experiment was conducted to study the influence of weather parameters on the severity of corynespora leaf spot of blackgram (Corynespora cassiicola) during 2012-13 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression and correlation. Disease first appeared in the first week of September and progressed rapidly during 17th November (37.78%) to 29th December (51.11%). The coefficient of determination (R2) for PDI was 0.538 which showed that weather factors were able to cause the variation in PDI to an extent of 53.8%. Partial regression coefficient (b) for relative humidity at 7.22 A.M was significant and positively correlated (0.82) with PDI. It reveals that every one unit increase in relative humidity at 7.22 A.M there is 0.82 per cent increase in disease severity. Among the weather parameters studied, maximum temperature (0.31), minimum temperature (0.70), relative humidity at 2.22 P.M (0.50) and rainfall (0.27) were significant and negatively correlating factors with PDI. While, there is a significant positive correlation between PDI and relative humidity at 7.22 A.M (0.36) and sun shine hours (0.42).

Key Words: Corynespora cassiicola, Corynespora leaf spot, Weather parameters, Blackgram

[1]. Alice D and Nadarajan N 2007 Pulses: Screening techniques and assessment for disease resistance. All India Coordinated Research Project on MULLaRP – Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Kasturi Graphics and Printers, Coimbattore. 24.
[2]. Choudhary C S Arun A and Prasad S M 2007 Management of Corynespora blight of sesame. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 37: 431-434.
[3]. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of A.P 2010. Area and production of agricultural crops in Andhra Pradesh. www.agri.ap.nic.in.
[4]. Duffus C M and Slaughter 1980 Seed and Their Uses. Wiley and sons Chichester. New York. USA. 60-64.
[5]. Jones J P and Jones J B 1984 Target spot of tomato: epidemiology and control. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 97: 216-218.
[6]. Mehrotra M D 1989 Corynespora cassiicola leaf spot of Ceiba pentandra and its control in the nursery. Indian Forester. 115 (12): 905-909.
[7]. Prakash O and Garg N 2007 A new report of Corynespora cassiicola, causing black rot of Aonla seedlings. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 37(1): 120-121.

ABSTRACT: Vulnerability is often reflected in the condition of the economic system as well as the socioeconomic characteristics of the population living in that system. Assessment of current vulnerability can be done using a variety of socioeconomic indicators that capture the exposure of the population in concern. The socioeconomic status of a group is closely linked to the adaptive capacity of that particular group. Many factors contribute to social and economic vulnerability including rapid population growth, poverty and hunger, poor health, low levels of educations, gender inequality, social exclusion, fragile, marginal and/or hazardous location, resource degradation, and lack of access to infrastructure, resources and services, including knowledge and technological means. The exposed population has a limited capacity to protect themselves from natural hazards, especially from extreme events such as storms, droughts and floods. They bear the brunt of the consequences of large-scale environmental change, including land degradation, biodiversity loss, and climate change, which affect the welfare of the most vulnerable populations.

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[2]. Upadhyay, R. C., Singh, S. V. and Ashutosh. Impact of Climate Change on Livestock. Proc. 36th Dairy Industry Conference, Varanasi. India, 2008, 56-61.
[3]. S. A. Pasha, Economic and Ecological Dimensions of Livestock Economy: An Indian Case Study of Small Ruminants. (Commonwealth publishers, 2001).
[4]. N. S. Jodha, Common Property Resources and Dynamics of Rural Poverty in India's Dry Regions, FAO Document repository (1992). http://www.fao.org/docrep/v3960e/v3960e05.html. [5]. J P Guilford. Psychometric Methods. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954)
[6]. R. Chambers, and G. Conway, IDS Discussion paper 296. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. Institute of Development Studies, UK.( 1992.)

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to evaluate the effects of crude Allium sativum in diets of rabbit bucks on Semen characteristics. Twenty one (21) 10.0 ± 2.1 months old, 1.80 ± 0.2 kg average body weight rabbit bucks were used for the study. Bucks were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 bucks each. Group A served as control, group B and C received 2.5% and 5.0% garlic in diets respectively. The bucks were allowed to acclimatise for 49 days during which semen samples were collected to establish a base line data. The feeding period lasted for 63 days during which semen samples were collected weekly between the hours of 8.00-10.00 am using artificial vagina for evaluation. Data collected were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean using graph pad prism version 5.0, repeated measure one way analysis of variance was used to test for differences between groups followed by Turkey's multiple comparism test, values of P 0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences in mean semen pH, motility, % live spermatozoa and % abnormal spermatozoa between control (A) and treatment groups (B and C). However, there were significant differences in mean semen volume at week 8 of the study between control and treatment groups. Also the semen concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner from week 3-9 of the study. In conclusion, Allium sativum at 2.5% & 5.0% inclusion rates improved sperm concentration in rabbit bucks.

[1]. Abdulmalik, M. E. (1994). Rabbit production. In: Okaiyeto, P. O., Ndubuisi, A. H. and Okoh, A. E. (editors). Advanced Animal Husbandry Practices for Subject Matter Specialists in the ADPs. Training Manual for FACU/NAPRI, Workshop, Zaria, 13-17 December, 1994.
[2]. Ajala, M. K. and Balogun, J. K. (2004). Economics of rabbit production in Zaria, Kaduna State. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7(1): 1-10.
[3]. Al-Bekairi, A. M., Shah, A. H. and Qureshi, S. (1990). Effects of Allium sativum on epididymal spermatozoa, estradiol-treated mice and general toxicity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 29(2): 117-125.
[4]. Alejandra, C. C., Ana, C. S., Marta, C. M. and Mar, V. (2010). A comprehensive survey of garlic functionality. In: Garlic consumption and health. (Pacurar, M. and Krejei, G. editors). 1-60.
[5]. Azawi, O. I. and Ismaeel, M. A. (2012). Effects of seasons on some semen parameters and bacterial contamination of Awassi ram semen. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47: 402-406.

ABSTRACT: Population Dynamics and Thrips (Thysanoptera) Attack on Chili Plant (Capsicum annuum L.) in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Thrips are insects that damage agricultural plants such as chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). the attacks which were caused by the thrips starting from mild to severe attacks. In Jambi province, there isn't any report of thrips attacks in chili plants. The research aims to analyze of thrips attack in chili plant. The study was conducted by observing the attacks of thrips on the leaves chili plant. Observations of thrips population and the attack percentage, as well as theabundance of predators was performed on 400 chili plants in the field experiment in Jambi University. Results of research in the field indicate that the attack occurred thrips on the upper leaf surface, occurs at the base, the middle and the edges with silvery attack. The thrips population and attack percentage in chili plant fluctuates. Population and thrips attacks of chili plants at the highest age 8 weeks after planting.

[1]. Kalshoven L.G.E. The pests of crops in Indonesia (revised by P.A. Van der Laan).PT. IchtiarBaru-van Hoeve. Jakarta. 1981. [2]. Ananthakrishnan T.N. Bionomics thrips. Annual Review Entomology.1993. (38):71-92. [3]. Gonzalez D, BR Patterson, TF Leigh < Wilson.Mites: a primary food source fortwo predators in San Joaquin Valley cotton. Calif.Agric. 1982. 36 (3):18-20. [4]. Gonzalez D. < Wilson. A food-web approach to economic thresholds: a sequence of pests/ predaceous arthropods on California cotton. Entomophaga. 1982. 27:31-43. [5]. Pearsall IA, and Judith H Myers. Population Dynamics of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) in Nectarine Orchards in British Columbia. Journal Economic Entomology. 2000. 93 (2):264-275.

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted on 81 "day-old‟ broiler chicks to find out the effect of stocking density and light intensity on growth performance of caged broilers. All broiler chicks were kept into cages and managed under similar managemental conditions. Chicks were randomly divided into nine groups as treatments. viz. T1 (2 Broiler chicks kept under 15 watt light intensity, T2 (2 Broiler chicks kept under 25 watt light intensity.......

Key Words: Broiler chicks, Stocking density and light intensity, growth performance.

[1]. Ali, A.S.S., Husain and A.K.F.N. Bhuiyan, (1991). Adoptability of Rhode Island Red chicken under different floor density conditions. 1991. 4 (1): 98-102. Bangldesh Journal of Training and development.
[2]. BIS, (1992). National requirement for poultry. Bureau of Indian standards I.S. 13574.
[3]. Duncan, J.H. (2010). Lighting and its effects on the Welfare of Broiler chickens, B.C organic Grower, Volume 13, Number 4, p-14.
[4]. Hughs, B.O. (1976). The concept of an optimum stocking density and its selection for egg production. Pages from 27-298 in Economic Factors Affecting Egg Production. B.M. Freeman and K.N. boormened. Br. Poultry Science Ltd.
[5]. Lewis, P.S. and Morris, T.R. (1998) Light intensity and performance of domestic pullets. World's Poultry Science Journal 55:241-250..

ABSTRACT:An experiment was conducted on 81 'day-old' broiler chicks to find out the effect of stocking density and light intensity on growth performance of caged broilers. All broiler chicks were kept into cages and managed under similar managemental conditions. Chicks were randomly divided into nine groups as treatments. viz. T1 (2 Broiler chicks kept under 15 watt light intensity, T2 (2 Broiler chicks kept under 25 watt light intensity, T3 (2 Broiler chicks kept under 40 watt light intensity.....

Key words: Broiler chicks, Stocking density and light intensity, growth performance. Husbandry & Dairying, SHIATS, Allahabad

[1]. Ali, A.S.S., Husain and A.K.F.N. Bhuiyan, (1991). Adoptability of Rhode Island Red chicken under different floor density conditions. 1991. 4 (1): 98-102. Bangldesh Journal of Training and development.
[2]. BIS, (1992). National requirement for poultry. Bureau of Indian standards I.S. 13574.
[3]. Duncan, J.H. (2010). Lighting and its effects on the Welfare of Broiler chickens, B.C organic Grower, Volume 13, Number 4, p-14.
[4]. Hughs, B.O. (1976). The concept of an optimum stocking density and its selection for egg production. Pages from 27-298 in Economic Factors Affecting Egg Production. B.M. Freeman and K.N. boormened. Br. Poultry Science Ltd.
[5]. Lewis, P.S. and Morris, T.R. (1998) Light intensity and performance of domestic pullets. World's Poultry Science Journal 55:241-250.

ABSTRACT: Field trials were conducted at the Fruit and Vegetable Teaching and Research Farm, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto during the 2013 and 2014 raining seasons, to study the effects of variety and plant population density (in terms of intra-row spacing) on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The treatments consisted of three plant population densities, 50,000 plants per ha, 66,666 plants per ha and 100,000 plants per ha by varying the intra row spacing at 40cm, 30cm and 20cm respectively and two varieties of okra, namely Dogo(Local variety) and Clemson spineless (improved variety) which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times.....

Keywords: Variety, Population density, Growth, Yield, Okra

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[2]. Adetuyi, F. O., Osagie A. U., Adekunle, A. T. (2008): Effect of Postharvest Storage Techniques on the Nutritional Properties of Benin Indigenous Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench). Pakistan Journal of Nutrtion. 7: 652-657.
[3]. Adeyemi, O. R., Smith, M. A. K. and Ojeniyi, S. O. (2008). Effect of Land Preparation Techniques on Weed Control Effectiveness in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Nigeria Journal of Weed Science 21: 72-83.
[4]. Ayoub, Z. E. and Afra, A. A. (2014). Effect of cultivar and sowing date on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) seed yield: Universal Journal of Applied Science 2(3): 64-67.
[5]. DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Republic of South Africa (2013). Okra (Hibiscus esculentus). Directorate Commission and Service pp 2-5..

ABSTRACT: Three different complete compound pellets containing different levels of energy, viz. SE (standard energy, ME content 10.28MJ/kg DM as per NRC, 1981), LE (low energy, ME content 9.25MJ/kg DM) 10% less ME and HE (high energy, ME content 11.30MJ/kg DM) 10% high ME than SE respectively, were prepared and fed to three groups of growing Black Bengal goats for evaluating feeding value. Completely randomized design was followed in the experiment.....

Key words: Goat, Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen balance, Economic Assessment..

[1]. C. J. Lupton, J. E. Huston, J. W. Hruska, B. F. Craddock, F. A. Pfeiffer and W. L. Polk, Comparison of three systems for
concurrent production of high quality mohair and meat from Angora male kids. Small Ruminant Research, 74 (1-3), 2008, 64-71.
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Bangladesh. 1991.
[3]. A. M. M. Tareque, Progress Report of the Research Scheme of the Project "Nutritional evaluation of ruminant feedstuffs in
Bangladesh and formation of balanced ration". Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 1987.
[4]. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Production Year Book. No. 45, 2002, Rome, Italy.
[5]. D. D. Sharma and K. K. Singhal, Efficiency of complete feeding system in ruminants. Proceedings of 5th Animal Nutrition Research
Workers' Conference on"Crop residues as livestock feeds: factors limiting their utilization with special reference to anti-quality
factors and their amelioration" held at M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India, July 14-17, 1986, 166-175.

ABSTRACT:Providing food for the subsistence of the ever growing population has always been a formidable challenge facing the global community. There is rise in demand for processed or preserved fruits and vegetables because of the increased requirements and urbanization trend. Jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) is thought to be native of India .The raw materials selected for the present study was tender jackfruit. The selected raw materials were collected from the same tree and all having reached the same maturity.....

[1]. Fernandez,J. and Tapia,M,S. (2003), " Handling & preservation of fruits & Vegetables by combined methods for rural areas" Food and Agriculture orgin of the united nations,Rome .Pp. 1-3.
[2]. Jagtap,U. and Bapat,V.A.(2010)."Plant foods for human nutrition".Daya publishing house,New Delhi.P-3.
[3]. Railab,R.(2012.)."How the Banana goes to Heaven" Westland Ltd Published, New Delhi Pp.298.
[4]. Janick,J. and Paul,E.R.(2008)."The encyclopedia of fruits and nuts".CABI International, U.K.Pp.174.
[5]. Sanmugam,D.(2007), " Naturally speaking Indian Recipes and Home