IOSR-JBM   Volume-28 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

Abstract: This paper explores the influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) on organizational profitability with a focus on NEM Insurance Plc, Lagos State. The study investigates how TQM principles—such as continuous improvement, employee involvement, leadership commitment, and customer focus—contribute to enhanced operational performance and long-term profitability. The research adopts a descriptive survey design, utilizing primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered to management and staff across key departments. Data were analysed using simple percentage techniques and chi-square tests to determine the relationship between TQM implementation and profitability outcomes.....

Keywords: Total Quality Management (TQM), Organizational Performance, Profitability, Employee Training, Continuous Improvement.

[1]. Adebayo, T. (2022). Quality Management Systems And Service Excellence In Nigeria’s Service Sector. Lagos Business Review, 8(2), 44–57.
[2]. Adeoti, R., & Lawal, K. (2021). Barriers To Total Quality Management Implementation In Nigerian Insurance Companies. Journal Of African Management Studies, 5(3), 101–116.
[3]. Al-Dhaafri, H. S., & Al-Swidi, A. (2016). The Impact Of Total Quality Management And Entrepreneurial Orientation On Organizational Performance. International Journal Of Quality & Reliability Management, 33(5), 597–614.
[4]. Al-Najjar, S., & Jawad, S. (2022). Digital Transformation And Total Quality Management: A Pathway To Operational Excellence. TQM Journal, 34(6), 1201–1220.
[5]. Alvarado, R., & Kotzab, H. (2021). Quality Management And Supply Chain Performance: Evidence From ISO 9001-Certified Firms. Journal Of Operations Management, 67(4), 241–259.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore and understand the impact of staff motivation on the organization’s performance, aiming to identify the key factors influencing motivation and provide practical insights to enhance staff engagement through deliberate motivational programs to achieve business objectives in the Financial Services Sector. The study was guided by the following objectives; to assess the relationship of employee motivation and organizational productivity in the Financial Services Sector; to identify the factors that increase employee motivation and, to assess the motivational strategies implored by Financial Services Organizations in Zambia to drive organizational effectiveness.....

Keywords: Employee motivation, organizational productivity, organizational effectiveness, motivational programs, staff engagement

[1]. Mudenda, J., Pedzisai, D., Joseph, P., & Sylvester, C. (2023). The Impact Of Staff Motivation In Micro Financial Institutions: A Case Study Of Bayport. JETIR, 10 (9). Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Profile/Sylvester-Chisebe/Publication/374449565_THE_IMPACT_OF_STAFF_MOTIVATION_IN_MICRO_FINANCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_BAYPORT/Links/651ea0193ab6cb4ec6bdb89b/THE-IMPACT-OF-STAFF-MOTIVATION-IN-MICRO-FINANCIAL-INSTITUTIONS-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-BAYPORT.Pdf [2]. Hubbard, J. (2024). How Finance Leaders Can Motivate Their Teams (And Themselves). FM Financial Management. Https://Www.Fm-Magazine.Com/News/2024/Mar/How-Finance-Leaders-Can-Motivate-Their-Teams-And-Themselves.Html [3]. LSBF. (2024). What Role Does Motivation Play In Managing An Organization? London School Of Business & Finance. Https://Www.Lsbf.Org.Uk/Blog/News/Business-Economy/What-Role-Does-Motivation-Play-In-Managing-An-Organisation [4]. Gupta, A., & Tayal, T. (2013). Impact Of Competing Force Of Motivational Factors On Employees At Work Place. Information And Knowledge Management. 3 (5), 143-148. [5]. Manzoor, Q. (2012). Impact Of Employees Motivation On Organizational Effectiveness. European Journal Of Business And Management, 3 (1), 36-44. Https://Macrothink.Org/Journal/Index.Php/Bms/Article/View/904

Abstract: Commercial banks in Zambia are rapidly adopting digital technologies, yet the extent to which these initiatives enhance operational efficiency remains empirically unclear, especially amid recurring system downtimes and rising cybersecurity threats. The aim of this study is to bridge this empirical knowledge gap and investigate the impact of digital transformation on operational efficiency in Zambian banks, using STANCHART, ZANACO, and FNB as case studies. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines staff and customer responses to provide a comprehensive evaluation......

Keywords: Digital transformation, operational efficiency, system downtime, cybersecurity, digital banking, financial inclusion.

[1]. Amiri, M., Hashemi-Tabatabaei, M., Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Antucheviciene, J., Šaparauskas, J., & Keramatpanah, M. (2023). Evaluation Of Digital Banking Implementation Indicators And Models In The Context Of Industry 4.0: A Fuzzy Group MCDM Approach. Axioms, 12(6). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Axioms12060516
[2]. Aydiner, A. S., Tatoglu, E., Bayraktar, E., & Zaim, S. (2019). Information System Capabilities And Firm Performance: Opening The Black Box Through Decision-Making Performance And Business-Process Performance. International Journal Of Information Management, 47, 168–182. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijinfomgt.2018.12.015
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[5]. Barnes, S. J. (2003). Enterprise Mobility: Concept And Examples. International Journal Of Mobile Communications, 1(4), 345–357. Https://Doi.Org/10.1504/IJMC.2003.003706

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of financial bootstrapping strategies on the survival of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Lusaka District, Zambia. Using a correlational research design with a quantitative approach, data were collected from 298 SMEs through structured questionnaires, achieving a 92.5% response rate. Multiple regression analysis revealed that financial bootstrapping strategies collectively explain 66.6% of the variance in SME survival outcomes. Profit reinvestment emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.359, p < 0.001), followed by cost control.....

Keywords: Financial bootstrapping, SME survival, self-funding, cost control, profit reinvestment, Zambia.

[1]. Bank Of Zambia (2022). MSME Finance Survey Report. Lusaka: Bank Of Zambia.
[2]. Mabonga, M. (2020). Financial Bootstrapping Strategy And Sustainability Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Kanduyi Sub-County, Kenya. American International Journal Of Business Management, 3(8), 95-107.
[3]. Mugenda, O.M. & Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative And Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: African Centre For Technology Studies.
[4]. Muthuswamy, S. & Kafweta, C. (2022). Factors Affecting The Economic Growth Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises: Case Study Of Mutendere East, Lusaka District, Zambia. Bulletin Of Social Sciences, 7(1), 1-7.
[5]. Myers, S.C. & Majluf, N.S. (1984). Corporate Financing And Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have. Journal Of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187-221

Abstract: Background: The demand for sustainability-related risk management in the road construction industry especially those financed via the Public Private Partnerships is increasing and Zambia is no exception. This is mostly because sustainability risks exist everywhere in the business environment. While the majority of studies have focused on operational risk management practices, the current study centers on assessing the challenges concessionaires and other implementers face as regards Environmental and Social sustainability-related risk management practices associated with road projects being executed through the PPP financing model using the Lusaka Ndola dual carriage way as the case study......

Keywords: Public-private partnerships, Sustainability, Road Construction, Implementation challenges, Zambia.

[1]. Colverson S, Perera, O. (2012). Harnessing The Power Of Public-Private Partnership: The Role Of Hybrid Financing Strategies In Sustainable Development. International Institute For Sustainable Development, Canada.
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[4]. Etikan I, Bala, K. (2017). Sampling And Sampling Methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5, Article No. 00149. Https://Doi.Org/10.15406/Bbij.2017.05.00149
[5]. Chabala M, Mwango N, Zulu S, Zulu E. (2022). Drivers And Barriers To Sustainability Practices In The Zambian Construction Industry. International Journal Of Construction Management. 23. 10.1080/15623599.2022.2045425.

Abstract: The export promotion policy of India has undergone strategic transformation where it has become more of a hybrid through the mission mode reorientation in the Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 and the Export Promotion Mission (EPM) that form the core of the new policy. This study looks at the factors behind the design and the impact of the major strategic reorientation that have been carried out. The study has taken a larger perspective in context of the global trade dynamics and the domestic structural problems. The export support system of the past has been a maze of multiple schemes working in isolation, granting.....

Keywords: Export Promotion Mission, Foreign Trade Policy 2023, Global Value Chain, India.

[1]. Ahamed, G. T., & Raju, S. A. A. (2023). A Review Of Challenges And Opportunities For Msmes In India: A Roadmap For Success. International Journal Of Advanced Research In Commerce, Management & Social Science (IJARCMSS), 89, 89-98.
[2]. Banerjee, P., Hussain, Z., & Karwal, K. (2025). Navigating The Development Divide: The Case For Policy Space In India's Industrial Policy Strategy Amid Rising Global Protectionism. Centre For WTO Studies, Centre For Research In International Trade.
[3]. Business Standard. (2025, February 1). Budget FY26: Govt To Launch Export Promotion Mission Worth Rs 2,250 Crore; MAI And IES Allocations Removed. Https://Www.Business-Standard.Com/Budget/News/Budget-Fy26-Govt-To-Launch-Export-Promotion-Mission-Worth-Rs-2-250-Crore-125020100843_1.Html
[4]. Erixon, F., Pandya, D., & Sharma, V. (2025). India And The World Economy: Policy Options At A Time Of Geopolitical Drama, Technological Shifts, And Rising Protectionism (No. 07/2025). ECIPE Policy Brief.
[5]. Irshad, I., & Karatas, C. (2025). Export Promotion Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In India. International Journal For Research In Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 13(II), 939–948