iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Menopause is derived from Greek word, men (month) and pauos (to stop)1.The menopause is defined by the World Health Organisation as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity, an episode of bleeding 12 months or more after the last period is accepted as post-menopausal bleeding 2. Common menopausal age in Indians is 45-50 years 3. Post menopausal bleeding represents approximately 5% of all gynaecological visits..........

[1]. Dawood NS, Peter K, Ibrar F, Dawood A. Postmenopausal bleeding: causes and risk of genital tract malignancy. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010; 22:117-20.
[2]. W.H.O. Research on the menopause in the 1990s. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization technical report series 1996;866:1-107.;
[3]. Tandulwadkar S, Deshmukh P, Lodha P, Agarwal B. Hysteroscopy in postmenopausal bleeding. J Gynec Endosc Surg 2009;1: 89-93.
[4]. Carlos RC, Bree RL, Abrahamse PH, Fendrick AM. Cost effectiveness of saline assisted hysterosonography and office hysteroscopy in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding. Acad Radiol 2001; 8: 835-4.
[5]. Jonathan S. Berek MD, MMS, Berek & Novaks Gynecology ,14 edition.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007 2.p no 1343.]

Abstract: Homocystinuria is a rare congenital disorder having autosomal recessive inheritance. It is most commonly caused by deficiency of cystathione beta synthase (CBS) enzyme which catalyses the synthesis cystathione from homocysteine and serine in the methionine pathway. This results in accumulation of homocysteine and methionine in plasma and leads to excretion of excessive urinary homocysteine1. The gene for CBS is located on chromosome 21q22.3. The screening of newborn infants for classical homocystinuria has
been performed worldwide with a prevalence of 1 in 200000 to 1 in 350000 live births. Approximately 40% of the affected patients respond to high doses of Vit. B62. Pyridoxine responsiveness is based on small residual activity of CBS which is not present in patients unresponsive to Vit. B6 therapy..........

Keywords:- Cystathione beta synthase, Vit.B6 responsiveness , Superonasal lens subluxation

[1]. Mudd SH, Skovby F, Levy HL, Pettigrew KD, Wilken B, Pyeritz RE, et al. The natural history of homocystinuria due to
cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 1985; 37:1-31
[2]. Iraj Rezwani and David S. Rosenblatt, Methionine: Metabolic disorders, Nelson textbook of Pediatrics, 20th International Edition
2015, Volume 1; 85: pg 644
[3]. Rao TN, Radhakrishna K, Rao TSM et al Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta synthase deficiency. Indian J Dermatol
Venereol Leprol 2008; 74:375-8
[4]. Skovby F, Gaustadnes M, Mudd SH: A revisit to the natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase
deficiency, Mol Genet Metab 99:1-3, 2010
[5]. Picker JD, Levy HL: Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. January 15, 2004 [Updated April 26, 2011].
In Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, et al, editors: GeneReviews [Internet], Seattle (WA), 1993-2014, University of Washington,
Seattle.

Abstract: Introduction: Clinical profile of Coronary artery disease in valvular heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgeryhas not been reported from North Eastern India. Aim: To study the Clinical profile of Coronary artery disease in valvular heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery has Materials And Methods: We prospectively collected data of valvular heart disease above 35 years who were scheduled for valve surgery from December 2011 to November 2013..The baseline clinical characteristics which were analyzed were the age, gender, hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg and/ or those already taking treatment for hypertension), diabetes mellitus (fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL and/or postprandial blood glucose >200 mg/dL and those who were on treatment for diabetes mellitus), smoking status &dyslipidemia (cholesterol >200 mg/dL and/or triglycerides >200 mg/dL and/or ,LDL>130 mg/dL
and/or HDL<40 mg/dL ) ...........

Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Valvular Heart Disease.

[1]. Pomerantzeff PM, Barbosa GV, Sousa Fº BS, Brandão CMA, Ribeiro EJ, Costa FDA, et al. Diretrizes para a conduta dos pacientes com doenças das valvascardíacas. In: Portal Cardiol [online]; 2003. Disponívelem: http://publicacoes.cardiol.br/consenso/2003/site/036.asp.
[2]. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD,et al. 2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am CollCardiol 2008; 52: e1-142

[3]. Elliott HC, and Louis AS. Incidence of significant coronary artery disease in rheumatic valvular heart disease. vol.25;401-404,apr.1970
[4]. Moraski RE, Russell RO Jr, Mantle JA, RackleyCE.Aortic stenosis, angina pectoris, coronary arterydisease. CathetCardiovascDiagn 1976; 2: 157-64.
[5]. Hancock EW. Aortic stenosis, angina pectoris, and coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1977;93:382–93.

Abstract: Introduction: Urolithiasis is a multi-factorial disease involving genetic & environmental factors. There has been an increased incidence of urolithiasis in recent times which has been associated with variations in its epidemiology like change in age, sex distribution of the disease and also changes in terms of type and location of the calculi. Present study describes clinical profile of urolithiasis patients visiting Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital in Solapur district of Maharashtra state in India...............

Keywords: Nephrolithiasis, epidemiology of urinary calculi, Non contrast Spiral CT Scan.

[1]. Sudabeh Alatab, Gholamreza Pourmand, Mohammed El Fatih El Howairis, Noor Buchholz, Iraj Najafi, Mohammad Reza Pourmand, Rahil Mashhadi, Naghmeh Pourmand. National Profiles of Urinary Calculi: A Comparison Between Developing and Developed Worlds. IJKD 2016; 10:51-61.
[2]. Milosevic D, Batinic D, Turudic D, Batinic D, et al. (2014). Demographic characteristics and metabolic risk factors in Croatian children with urolithiasis. Eur. J. Pediatr. 173: 353-359.
[3]. H.C. Wang, C. Liu, H.Y. He and M.X. Wang. A case-control study on the risk factors of urinary calculus in Uyghur children in the Kashi region. Genetics and Molecular Research 2015; 14 (2): 5862-5869
[4]. Fowler KA, Locken JA, Duchesne JH, Williamson MR: US for detecting renal calculi with nonenhanced CT as a reference standard. Radiology 2002; 222:109–113.
[5]. Ahmad F, Nada MO, Farid AB, Haleem M A, Razack S. Epidemiology of urolithiasis with emphasis on ultrasound detection: A retrospective analysis of 5371 cases in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2015;26:386-91

Abstract: Post term pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity as well as an increased maternal morbidity [1, 2]. Exact etiology is not known but some risk factors are associated with postterm pregnancy like parity, maternal age , past history of postterm pregnancy, genetics and obesity [3,4] Although the last menstrual period (LMP) has been traditionally used to calculate the estimated due date (EDD), many inaccuracies exist using this method in women who have irregular cycles, have been on recent hormonal birth control, or who have first trimester bleeding. In particular, women are more likely to be oligo-ovulatory than polyovulatory, so cycles longer than 28 days are not uncommonly seen [5].

Keywords: .....

[1]. Olesen AW, Westergaard JG, Olsen J. Perinatal and maternal complications related to postterm delivery: A national register-based study, 1978-1993. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:222–227.[PubMed]

[2]. Caughey AB, Stotland NE, Washington AE, et al. Maternal obstetric complications of pregnancy are associated with increasing gestational age at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:155.e1–e6.[PMC free article] [PubMed]
[3]. Divon MY, Haglund B, Nisell H, Otterblad PO, Westgren M. Fetal and neonatal mortality in the postterm pregnancy: the impact of gestational age and fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178 (4):726-31.
[4]. Van Eyk N, Allen LM, Sermer M, Davis VJ. Obstetric outcome of adolescent pregnancies. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2000;13 (2):96.

[5]. Savitz DA, Terry JW Jr, Dole N, et al. Comparison of pregnancy dating by last menstrual period, ultrasound scanning, and their combination. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec. 187(6):1660-6. [Medline].

Abstract: Background:- Breast Cancer is one of the major surgical problems in India particularly among the younger women. Unfortunately, most breast cancers do not produce any symptoms until the tumors are either too large to be removed surgically or cancerous cells have already spread to other tissues i.e. metastasis has taken place. Therefore, there is a need for noninvasive and sensitive methods to detect growths small in size which escape routine examination .There is, therefore, need of simple investigations, which can be easily assayed, are less expensive and can detect metastasis. Aims And Objectives: To study the serum levels of LDH and ALP in cases of breast lesions and to evaluate whether their levels are significantly higher in cases of breast malignancies as compared to cases of benign breast lesions.........

Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase , Breast carcinoma ,Fibroadenoma, Lactate Dehydrogenase.

[1]. Chitkara N., Dadoo R.C. , Bansal S. et al. Plasma vitamin E levels in carcinoma Breast. Indian J clinical Biochem 1996 , 11: 162-
164 .
[2]. Mishra S. ,Sharma D.C. and Sharma P. , Studies of biochemical parameters in breast cancer with and without metastasis. Indian
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (1) 71-75.
[3]. Swetha N., Senghor K.A., Ramachandran K. ,Serum lactate dehydrogenase and lipid profile in breast cancer. International Journal
of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences , 2013 ,3 (2) 423-432 .
[4]. AbdolhassanTalaiezadeh, Ali Shahriari, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh , Payam Fathizadeh and Siavash Mansouri, Kinetic
characterization of lactate dehydrogenase in normal and malignant human breast tissues Cancer Cell International 2015, 15:19.
[5]. Ismaeel A.A., Yousif N.F., Ali K.F. and. Mousa F.H, Antitumor Activity of New Quinoxaline Analogues and Its Complexes, Pak.
J. Chem, 2013 , 3(4): 177-181..

Abstract: To estimate the population-based incidence and to study. Pregnency and MI effects Patients were divided into 4 group: antenatal diagnosis, intrapartum diagnosis, up to 6-week postpartum diagnosis, and those without the diagnosis of acute MI. All groups were compared by student t test or X2 or both, where appropriate. Results : A total of 30 women had an acute MI during the antepartum (38%) intrapartum (21%), or 6-week postpartum (41%) period, The maternal mortality rate was 7.3%, and maternal death only occurred in women with an acute MI before or at delivery (P<.01). Compared with women who did not have an acute MI, those with one were more likely to be older (30% were older than 35 years compared with 10%), multiparous (78% compared with 61%)......

Keywords: ....

[1]. Badui E, Enciso R. Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy and puerperium : a review. Angiology 1996:47:739-56.
[2]. Hankins GD, Wendel GD Jr. Leveno KJ, Stoncham J. Myocardial infarction during pregnancy: a review, Obstet Gynecol 1985:65:139-46.
[3]. Roth A, Elkayam U. Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 1996:125:751-62.
[4]. Chaithiraphan V, Gowda RM, Khan IA, Reimers CD. Peripartum acute myocardial infarction:management perspective. Am J Ther 2003:10:75-7.

[5]. Herrchen B, Gould JB, Nesbitt TS. Vital Statistics linked birth/infant death and hospital discharge record linkage for epidemiological studies. Comput Biomed Res 1997:30:290-305.

Abstract: Madurella Mycetomatis is a chronic, specific, granulomatous, progressive inflammatory disease; it usually involves the subcutaneous tissue after a traumatic inoculation of the causative organism. Mycetoma may be caused by true fungi or by higher bacteria. In Sudan; Madura is spread mainly in agricultural and grazing areas like Gezira and Sinnar states. This study aimed to compare between Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and QuickDiff Stains in the diagnosis of Madurella Mycetomatis. Samples of fine needle aspiration cytology were collected from infected site from patients that were clinically diagnosed
with Madurella Mycetomatis in Sinnar hospital. These samples were diagnosed using H&E and Quick-Diff stains of cytology and PCR techniques.,.......

Keywords:Madurella Mycetomatis Diagnosis; H&E; Quick-DIFF; PCR; Sudan

[1]. Fahal AH, Hassan MA (1992). Mycetoma. British Journal of Surgery. 79: 1138-1141.
[2]. Abbott PH (1956). Mycetoma in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 50: 11-24.
[3]. Gonzalez-Ochoa A. Mycetoma in (1975). Clinical Tropical Dermatology. Edited by Canizares O. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific. pp 24-29.
[4]. Mahgoub ES, Murray IG, William Heinemann (1973). Mycetoma, Medical Books Ltd. pp. 1-50.
[5]. Ahmed AO, Van de Sande , and Fahal AH (2004). In vitro susceptibilities of Madurella Mycetomatis to itraconazole and amphotericin B. Anti Microb Agent Chemother, 48.2742-6.

Abstract: Background: In recent years, much attention has been given to the evidence that the concomitant occurrence of hyperglycemia in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) enhances the risk of mortality and morbidity, whether the patient has diabetes or not. Objectives: To analyze impact of admission glycaemia on hospital stay mortality in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction.......

Keywords:Stress Hyperglycemia, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus, Mortality.

[1]. Bernard C. Lecons sur le diabeteat la glycogenase animale. Paris: Bailliere; 1877
[2]. Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, Hamsten A, Efendíc S, Rydén L, et al.Glucose metabolism in patients with acute
myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Lancet 2002;359:2140–2144.
[3]. Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, Gardner MJ, Merry H, Cox JL. ICONS Investigators. Is blood glucose an independent
predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1748–1754.
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Editors: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J.18th edition. McGraw Hill. Vol 2.
1599-1611.
[5]. Kadri Z, Danchin N, Vaur L, Cottin Y, Gueret P, Lablanche JM, et al. Major impact of admission glycemia on
30 day and one year mortality in non-diabetic patients admitted for myocardial infarction: results from the nationwide French
USIC 2000 study. Heart 2006;92:910-915.

Abstract: Molar pregnancy is form of the disease, that is benign in nature. There is a wide variation in incidence reported worldwide which has been contributed by genetic, environmental,demographic and hostrelated factors. In our study total number of deliveries from 1st October to 30june were 8104 .There were 37 molar pregnancies.The incidence was 4.5656 per 1000 deliveries.We found most of the result from remote area ,low socio economic status and low education level women. In our study of molar pregnancy parity one and above were more than 70% and there were thirty percent of nulliparous pregnancy.......

Keywords: Molar,hydatiform mole,pregnancy, beta HCG.

[1]. Barut A, Arikan I, Harma M, Harma MI, Barut F, Coskan A. Recurrent partial hydatidiform mole. J Pak Med Assoc
2011;61:1016-7.
[2]. Mayun AA. Hydatidiform mole in Gombe: A five year Histopathological review. Niger J Clin Pract2008;11:134-8.
[3]. Savage P. Molar pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2008;10:3–8
[4]. Matsui H et al. (2008).Changes in the incidence of molar pregnancies. A popu-lation- based study in Chiba Prefecture and Japan
between 1974 and 2000. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Human Reproduc-tion, 18(1), 172–175.
[5]. Smith HO, Qualls CR, Prairie BA, Padilla LA, Rayburn WF, Key CR. Trends in gestational choriocarcinoma: a 27-year
perspective. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Nov;102 (5 Pt 1):978-87.
[6]. Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. In: Berck JS. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm. Philadelphia, Lipincott, Williams and Wilkins,
2002;1353-74.

Abstract: Objective of study: To study the prescribing pattern of anti- hypertensive drugs in outpatient Medicine department. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional and observational study was carried out in Medicine outpatient department at Father Muller Medical College Hospital. Patients attending medicine department who have given their informed consent were included into the study. Detailed history, examination, relevant investigations and treatment received were recorded from the case record form and analysed. Collected data were analysed by frequency, percentage and chi-square test.......

Keywords: ...........

[1]. Swami SS, Swami SC, Patil VW, Kanhere AM. HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES IN INDIA: A REVIEW. Int J Clin Biochem
Res. 2(1):54–8.
[2]. Dhanaraj E, Raval A, Yadav R, Bhansali A, Tiwari P. Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Agents in T2DM Patients Visiting
Tertiary Care Centre in North India. Int J Hypertens [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Aug 31];2012:520915. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23316345
[3]. Singh P, Singh K, Shrivastava R, Pandey V, Singh A, Raj B. Frequency, Preferences and Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive
Drugs in Out-Patient Department of a Tertiary Care SGM Hospital, Rewa District of Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian Pract.
2016;69(3):32–9.
[4]. Rathod DPS, Patil DPT. Current Trends in Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in indoor Hypertensive Patients in A
Tertiary Care Hospital Attached to A Government Medical College of Maharashtra: A Retrospective Study. Glob J Res Anal.
2016;5(6).
[5]. Philip R, A. DK, Mathew M, Reddy VLT, M. MN, Krishnamurthy MS. Prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in geriatric
population in tertiary care hospital. Int J Pharmacol Res. 2016;6(3):114–9.

Abstract: The Post mastectomy chestwall radiation is routinely delivered using tangential photon fields. However for left sided tumors underlying heart and left lung form major organs at risk and this report studies the use ofsingle electron beam radiotherapy in these patients. To compare mean left lung dose, percentage volume of left lung receiving dose more than 20Gy(V20Gy), mean heart dose, percentage volume of heart receiving dose more than 25Gy(V25Gy) and 45Gy(V45Gy), percentage volume of planned target volume(PTV) receiving more than 95% of prescribed dose(V95%). There was significant difference in favour of electronbeam plans for mean lungdose (p=0.001), V20Gy of left lung(p=0.001) and V45Gy of heart (p=0.017) . There was no significant difference in mean heart dose (p=0.624) and V25 Gy of heart (0.622). The difference in percentage volume of PTV receiving more than 95% of prescribed dose (p=0.077) showed trend towards significance........

Keywords: Chestwall radiotherapy, electrons.

[1] Yu KD, Di GH, Wu J, Lu JS, Shen KW, Shen ZZ, Shao ZM: Development and trends of surgical modalities for breast cancer in
China: a review of 16-year data. Ann Surg Oncol 2007, 14(9):2502–2509.
[2] Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J, Rose C, Andersson M, Bach F, Kjaer M, Gadeberg CC, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, et al:
Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish
Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b Trial. N Engl J Med 1997, 337(14):949–955.
[3] Recht A, Gray R, Davidson NE, Fowble BL, Solin LJ, Cummings FJ, Falkson G, Falkson HC, Taylor SG, Tormey DC:
Locoregional failure 10 years after mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen without irradiation:
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[4] Ragaz J, Olivotto IA, Spinelli JJ, Phillips N, Jackson SM, Wilson KS, KnowlingMA, Coppin CM, Weir L, Gelmon K, et al:
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Abstract: Transpedicular stabilization has become an established method for instrumentation of the thoracic and lumbar spine because of its immediate rigidity, better coronal and sagittal correction and shorter fusion length when compared to the other instrumentation techniques. Pedicle screw insertion resulting in neurologic deficit is rare, but may be due to faulty placement of the screw, with perforation of the cortex and impingement on adjacent neural structures. Despite improvements in the design of the instruments and attention to insertion techniques, cortical perforation does occur. Because many transgressions are asymptomatic, the true incidence is not known. Roy-Camille et al report in their experience 10% of screws were not completely in the pedicle........

Keywords: Accuracy, Misplacement, Pedicle screw, Fluoroscopy, Spinal stabilization, Intraoperative imaging.

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tomography postoperative assessment in 102 consecutive patients Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine March 2010
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