iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2017

Abstract: Menstrual dysfunction is the cause of discomfort, inconvenience, and disruption to healthy lifestyle which affects millions of women in both developed and developing world. It is one of the most common presenting symptoms in the gynaecological clinic. Approximately 20% of patients presenting to a gynaecologist have this complaint. Goals of clinical management are primarily dependent upon attaining a correct etiological diagnosis. The history, physical and pelvic examination attempt to determine the site of the bleeding and its source. Information gathered from this will suggest which direction the investigation would take. Traditionally Dilatation and Curettage and Ultrasonography were the most common investigations employed in the evaluation of the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding............

[1]. Baggish M.S Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 54:350,1979
[2]. Christine Bain, David E.Parkin, Kevin G.Cooper – British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology July,2002. Is outpatient hysteroscopy more useful than endometrial biopsy alone for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in unselected pre-menopausal women.
[3]. De Wit AC, Vleugels MP, De Kruif JH, Diagnostic hysteroscopy, valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of structural intra cavitary pathology and endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. European journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Spetember,2003.
[4]. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding D.A Davey
[5]. Jacques Barbot – Hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding.

Abstract: Malignant eccrine spiradenoma (synonym, spiradenocarcinoma) is an extremely rare malignant adnexal tumor of the skin that originate in the sweat glands. It almost always arises from a preexisting benign eccrine spiradenoma, rarely it may arise de novo. We report a case of a 65-year-old lady with malignant eccrine spiradenoma of the face. The face mass was present for approximately 5 years, suddenly it became enlarged, ulcerated, tender, with a change in its color over a period of four months. The mass was excised & received in our department. Histopathological report confirmed it to be a case of malignant eccrine spiradenoma. The tumor has a poor prognosis due to multiple local recurrences & eventual widespread metastases. Wide local excision and close follow upare crucial in the management of malignant eccrinespiradenoma.

Keywords: adnexal, eccrine, malignant,spiradenoma,spiradenocarcinoma

[1]. Agarwal S, Khanna R, Arya NC, Khanna AK. Malignant eccrine spiradenoma. An unusual presentation. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2002; 68: 290- 291.
[2]. Fernandez-Acenero MJ, Manzarbeitia F, Mestre de Juan MJ, Requena L (2001). Malignant spiradenoma: report of two cases and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol 44: 395-398.
[3]. Beekley AC, Brown TA, Porter C. Malignant eccrine spiradenoma: A previously unreported presentation and review of the literature. Am Surg. 1999;65:236–40.
[4]. Mirza I, Kloss R, Sieber SC. Malignant eccrine spiradenoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002. 126 (5): 591- 594.
[5]. Granter SR, Seeger K, Calonje E. et al. Malignant eccrine spiradenoma (spiradenocarcinoma): a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2000; 22: 97- 103..

Abstract: Background: Recently incidence of carcinoma breast has increased many folds and surpassed cervical malignancy. Management of breast carcinoma has multi modality treatment. One or the other modality, sometimes surgery is not acceptable for patients due to many reasons. Material and method: In retrospective disease free survival study, a group of disease free patients were found who had refused for surgery and were treated by chemoradiotherapy alone. Results: Among the 25 patients, 17 patients (68%) were treated more than 10 years back, 5 patients (20%) 6 years back and 3 patients (12%) 2 years back. All these patients were disease free for above post treatment periods till april 2017. Conclusion: Hope should not be lost for those in whom surgery is not done, this method of alone chemoradiotherapy may also yield acceptable results in terms of survival, disease free survival and cosmetic effects in some patients.

[1]. Fisher B. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, andlumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. New England journal of medicine.

[2]. Jacobson JA. Ten-year results of a comparison of conservation with mastectomy in the treatment of stage I and II breast cancer. New England journal of medicine.

[3]. Fisher B. Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer.

[4]. Angela Pennisi, Laura Hutchins. Relevance of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

[5]. Monica Morrow. Parsing pathologic complete response in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer..

Abstract: Background: Breathing and aerobic exercises produce different types of physiological responses in healthy individuals. Aim of the study is to find the effect of breathing exercises against aerobic exercises in improving the general health of asymptomatic population. Materials and Methods: The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (Breathing and aerobics) with 16 subjects each. Breathing group performed breathing exercise in supine, sitting ,crook lying and standing with inspiration : expiration ratio 1:1,1:2,1:2:2 for a periods of 6 weeks. Aerobics group performed cycling, stair climbing, walking on ramp. Total duration of exercise was 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Results: Results of the study showed significant reduction in pulse rate, blood pressure and skin fold thickness from pre to post intervention in both breathing............

Keywords: Breathing exercise, Aerobic exercise, Pulse rate, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, Vital capacity, MVV, VO2 Max, 12-Minute walk test, Skin fold thickness, Health related quality of life

[1]. Sephard RJ (1989) Adolphe Abrahams memorial lecture. Exercise and life style change. British journal of sports and medicine. 23(1): 11 – 22.
[2]. Plowman SA, Smith DL (2007) Exercise physiology for Health, Fitness, and performance. 2nd ed. Lippincott William and Wilkins.
[3]. Cooper KH (1983) Aerobics. Bantam books.
[4]. Scheuer J, Tipton CM (1977) Cardiovascular adaptations to training. Annual reviews of physiology. 39: 221 – 251.
[5]. Seals DR, Silverman HG, Reiling MJ, Davy KP (1997) Effect of regular exercise on elevated blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol. Elsevier. 80(1): 49 – 55..

Abstract: Medical wastes are highly infectious which may carry the germs of various diseases like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C (jaundice),. Biomedical waste management is receiving greater attention nowadays. The improper disposal of Medical waste in the hospitals poses a high health risks to healthcare workers, patients, communities and the whole environment. The present study was conducted to identify different constituents of wastes, their handling, treatment and disposal methods in a secondary health care hospital .This study was based on the interview sessions with the various level health care workers in the hospital. This paper focuses on the current scenario with respect to disposal of hospital wastes. It is clear that even though there is some lag in following all the principles of WHO regarding waste disposal, it can be corrected by providing proper training to health care workers in the hospital.

Keywords: Biomedical waste, Waste disposal, Infectious waste, secondary health care unit, Hazards

[1]. Rashid, S. (1996), Medical waste disposal in Dhaka city: A survey. North-South University. Bangladesh, Dhaka.
[2]. Kazi, N.M. 1997. Waste Management in Dhaka. Bangladesh Environmental Newsletter, vol.8, No.4. Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[3]. Akter, N., N. M. Kazi, A. M. R. Chowdhury (1999). Environmental Investigation of Medical Waste Management System in BangldeshWith Special Reference to Dhaka City. BRAC, Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
[4]. Burke, E.L.J. Environment Health 1994, 56 (9), 11-14)
[5]. Lawson A. 2010. UN tackles Dhaka's medical waste.

Abstract: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of 0.1% Tacrolimus (FK-506) ophthalmic eye ointment with 2% Cyclosporine eye drops in the treatment of VKC. Two groups of VKC diagnosed patients was taken for study-Group A:36 patients received 0.1% tacrolimus eye ointment and Group B:36 patients received 2% cyclosporine eye drops. The study was conducted in Ophthalmology Department, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after verifying the exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The main outcome measures were scoring and comparison of Total subjective symptom scores (TSSS) and Total objective ocular sign scores (TOSS) within and between the Groups at each follow up. With treatment both TSSS and TOSS decreased consistently in both groups without any adverse effects but an increase in scores was noticed within two weeks after drug withdrawl. Both drugs are equally effective and safe in VKC but with a short lasting effect.

[1]. Collum MT. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Acta OphthalmolScand.1999;228 (Suppl):14-6.
[2]. Leonardi A, Busca F, Motterle L, et al. Case series of 406 vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients: a demographic and epidemiological study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006: 84: 406–10.
[3]. De Smedt S, Wildner G, Kestelyn P. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an update.Br J Ophthalmol 2013: 97: 9–14.
[4]. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Marchi S, et al. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis revisited: a case series of 195 patients with long-term followup. Ophthalmology 2000: 107: 1157–63.
[5]. Kansakar I. Profile of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Nepal: a hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J 2011: 13: 92

Abstract: Tinnitus is a phantom sound (ringing of the ears) that affects quality of life for millions around the world and is associated in most cases with hearing impairment. There are numerous Self-rated questionnaire in foreign languages used to assess the negative effects of tinnitus. India being multilingual country, these questionnaires are less effective on Indian population. Hence there is a great need to develop and standardize a self-assessment questionnaire in Indian languages. This study aims at transadapting and standardizing Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI-English) into Bengali language. Validity and reliability measures of the newly developed Tinnitus Functional Index-Bengali (B-TFI) was calculated statistically along with its assessment on sixty tinnitus participants (30 with hearing loss and 30 without hearing loss).............

Keywords: Bengali, Tinnitus, TFI

[1]. American National Standards Institute. (1969). Specification for Audiometers. ANSI S3.6. New York: American National Standards Institute.

[2]. Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment (Vol. 17). Sage publications.
[3]. Coles, R. R. A., Lutman, M. E., Axelsson, A., et al. (1992). Tinnitus Severity Gradings: Cross-Sectional Studies. In J. M. Aran & R. Dauman (Eds). Proceedings of the Fourth International Tinnitus Seminar (453–455). New York, NY: Kugler Publications.
[4]. Datta, P. (2013). Development and Standardization of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in Bengali. Unpublished Dissertation. Master of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology. The West Bengal University of Health Sciences.

[5]. Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J. B., & Putnam, K. (2002). Depression: perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 545-574...

Abstract: Background: Normal Eustachian tube function is one of the important factor required for successful tympanoplasty outcome. A clinically useful test for assessment of Eustachian tube function is still lacking. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate Eustachian tube function by impedance audiometry and compare the outcome of surgery with respect to graft take up in normal and abnormal Eustachian tube function. Study design - Prospective study. Materials and Methods: Study includes 60 patients diagnosed as chronic suppurative otitis media, mucosal type in quiescent or inactive stage. All patients were evaluated with detailed history, ENT examination and radiological investigations. Eustachian tube function was assessed with impedance audiometry. Preoperative Eustachian tube function results were compared with postoperative surgical outcome and results were analyzed.............

Keywords: Tubotympanic disease, Type I Tympanoplasty, Eustachian tube function, Impedance Audiometry

[1]. Manning SC, Cantekin EI, Kenna MA, et al. Prognostic value of eustachian tube functions in paediatric tympanoplasty. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:1012– 6.
[2]. M Tos. Tubal function and tympanoplasty. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1973, 1113-1124.
[3]. Tos M. Importance of Eustachian tube function in middle ear surgery. Ear Nose Throat J 1998; 77:744-7.
[4]. Gimenez F, Algarra M. The prognostic value of mucociliary clearance in predicting success in tympanoplasty. J Laryngol Otol 1993; 107:895-7.
[5]. Shiromany A, Belaldavar BP. Effect of Eustachian tube function on tympanoplasty outcome in chronic otitis media patients: Cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of health sciences 2016; 9: 279-83..

Abstract: Objective: The benefits of breastfeeding are numerous, such getideal nutrition, intake of best enzymes and antibody as well as psychologically attachment to mothers. Breastfeeding is profitable but in promotion not reached to the essential health of dental and oral yet. It is profitable effect while a baby sucking that breastfed may stimulate the growing of the jaws up and strengthen orofacial muscles maximally. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort on 3-5 years old, both breastfeed and not among Malay and Batak ethnic are conducted to identify the average different of vertical cephalic index, maxillary canine arch depth and palatal depth. Results: There are significant differences of all variables measured between the children in babyhood who were breastfed and no breastfed (p < 0.05). On the Batak ethnic, there is no significant difference of vertical cephalic index, maxillary canine arch width and posterior segment arch length............

Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, dentocraniofacial, growth and development, malocclusion.

[1]. Agarwal SS, Nehra K, Sharma M, Jayan B, Poonia A, Bhattal H, , Association Between Breastfeeding Duration, Non-nutritive Sucking Habits and Dental Arch Dimension in Deciduous Dentition: A Cross-sectional Study, Progress in Orthodontics, 2014,15: 59
[2]. Aznar T, Galan AF, Marin I, Dominguez A, Dental Arch Diameters and Relations to Oral Habits, The Angle Orthodontist, 2006, 76 (3): 441-5
[3]. Barreto LB, Souza RA, Freitas LM, Pithon MM, Association Between Breastfeeding and Deleterious Oral Habits with Development of Malocclusion in Pediatric Dental Patiens, International Journal of Experimental Dental Science, 2012, 1 (2): 61-66

[4]. Djoena KH, Nasution FH, Trenggono BS, Antropologi untuk Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi, Cetakan Pertama, Jakarta, Penerbit Universitas Trisakti, 2005: 3-80
[5]. Ganesh M, Tandon S, Sajida B, Prolonged Feeding Practice and Its Effects on Developing Dentition. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2005, 23 (3): 141-5..

Abstract: The International classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has defined disability as a limitation in functional domain that arises from the interaction between a person's intrinsic capacity and environmental and personal factors. According to the Census of India 2011 there are 2.6 crores disabled people n India. Education of disabled in India: It is estimated that the number of children of school going age who suffer from disabilities is more than 20 million.. Aims and objectives of the study: To study the academic skills of the students To study the self help skills of the students..........

Keywords: children with disability, educating children with disability, special schools

[1]. WHO (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Available at: http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
[2]. Census of India 2011:Disabled population by type of disability –New Delhi Registrar General Office
[3]. Meena S Disability studies and rehabilitation of differentially abled children : Journal of disability studies 2015 1(1):. 35-44
[4]. Anna Ivanova The development of self care skills of children with severe mental retardation .World Applied Sciences Journal 29(6):724-27,2014
[5]. Udonwa, Rose Ekaete1. Mentally Retarded Children and Deficits in Daily Living Skills: Case Study of Calabar Municipality Local Government Area . IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME Volume 5, Issue 2 Ver. III (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 21-26..

Abstract: The course of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with metabolic disorders in various organs, including intraocular tissue structures. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy, and is the most common ocular complication seen in diabetic patients these days. An average of 5-10 years is given for this complication to occur. Diabetic retinopathy affects 80% of patients affected with Type I DM and nearly 85% of patients with Type II DM. It is estimated that 8.3% of the world's population are affected with diabetes mellitusand about half of them are affected with diabetic retinopathy at any given point of time. In the developing and developed countries, it represents the main cause of blindness between 20-75 years of age. In India with the increase in Type II diabetes mellitus as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), one of the fast progressing cause of visual disability is diabetic retinopathy. The severity of hyperglycaemia is considered as the key risk factor for developing retinopathy..........

[1]. Akal A, Ulas T, Goncu T, Karakas E. Evaluation of resistive index using colour Doppler imaging of orbital arteries in geriatric patients with hypertension. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62 (6):671- 4.
[2]. Ballantyne AJ, Michaelson. Classification of diabetic retinopathy. Trans OphthalmolSoc UK 1947; 67:54.
[3]. Claude Franceschi (1978). L'Investigationvasculaire par ultrasonographiedoppler. Masson. ISBN 2-225-63679-6.
[4]. David H. Evans, Jorgen Arendt Jensen and Michael Bachmann Nielsen. Ultrasonic Colour Doppler Imaging. Interface Focus. 6 August 2011; vol 1(4) 490-502.
[5]. Dennis W. Foley, Scott J. Erickson. Colour Doppler Flow Imaging. AJR. January 1991; 156:3-13.

Abstract: Melanomas are a aggressive group of malignancy with the prognostic aspect dependent heavily on the type and site of occurrence. The treatment should be holistic based and not simply surgical resection. This case report focuses on the multiple lines of melanoma management and the significance of early radical intervention

Keywords: Scalp melanoma, subtypes, radiation. ,radical surgery, monoclonal antibodies.

[1]. Benmeir P, Baruchin A, Lusthaus S, Weinberg A, Ad-El D, Nahlieli O, Neuman A, Wexler MR. Melanoma of the scalp: the
invisible killer. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995; 95:496–500
[2]. Primary cutaneous melanoma. Prognostic classification of anatomic location. Cancer 1995; 75:2492– 2498 Ringborg U, Afzelius
LE, Lagerlof B, Adami HO, et al.
[3]. Cutaneous malignant melanoma of the head and neck. Analysis of treatment results and prognostic factors in 581 patients: a report
from the Swedish Melanoma Study Group. Cancer 1993; 71:751–758
[4]. Cox NH, Aitchison TC, Sirel JM, MacKie RM. Comparison between lentigo maligna melanoma and other histogenetic types of
malignant melanoma of the head and neck. Scottish Melanoma Group. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:940–944
[5]. Close LG, Goepfert H, Ballantyne AJ. Malignant melanoma of the scalp. Laryngoscope. 1979;89:1189-1196. 6. Essner R, Wong
JH, Economo u J S, et al. Prognostic significance of melanoma arising in the scalp. Am J Surg. 1988;156:314-317

Abstract: To being mother is great achievement in women life especially when it comes to antenatal and postnatal care. Sutika reffers to puerpurial postpartum stage of women. sutika kala begains assoon as placenta is expelled for first six weeks. After delivery all dhatus are decreased and body becomes empty due to labour painsand blood loss. Now a days due to negligence, improper care and procedure creates many complications in sutika awastha and its management is difficult for clinician. So here in this paper we study the efficacy of jeeraktritraya churna with takra in primigravida with age 18 to 30 yrs during first 15 days of sutika awastha. As jeerak; krushna jeerak; kalajaji having property of garbhashaya shodhan and hence helps in overcome any sutikaawastha complications.

[1] Charka, Charak Samhita, Varanasi, Ed.Dr. Brahmananad Tripathi, Chaukhamba SurbharatiPrakashan- 2002.
[2] Vd. Anantram Sharma Sushrutsamhita,sharirsthan 2 chaukhambasurbharti prakashan, Varanasi,Edition 2008.
[3] Textbook Of Gynaecology,D.C.Dutta,5th edition
[4] Madhav nidan adunandan upadhyaya chaukhamba prakashan 2006
[5] Bhavprakash Nighantu, K. C. Chunekar, ChaukhambhaBharti,2001.
[6] Sharangadhar Samhita,Bramhanand Tripathi,Chaukhamba prakashan.

Abstract: In the field of Prosthodontics, the concept of digital impressions using CAD/CAM is growing quickly for impression making procedures over conventional methods. The new technology is easier and precise for the clinician and more comfortable to the patient. From various studies it has been found that dental prostheses fabricated from intraoral digital impressions displayed various merits over conventional impressions in many respects. This article discusses the various digital impression systems available in the market, to provide the clinician complete information and knowledge of application of the technology.

[1]. Wang CJ, Millstein PL, Nathanson D (1992) Effects of cement, cement space, marginal design, seating aid materials, and seating force on crown cementation. J Prosthet Dent 67: 786-790.
[2]. Birnbaum NS, Aaronson HB (2008) Dental impressions using 3D digital scanners: virtual becomes reality. Compend Contin Educ Dent 29: 494, 496, 498-505.
[3]. Galhano GA´ , Pellizzer EP, Mazaro JV: Optical impression systems for CAD-CAM restorations. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23:e575-e579
[4]. Rekov ED: Dental CAD/CAM systems: a 20-year success story. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137(Suppl):5S-6S
[5]. Mormann WH: The evolution of the CEREC system. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137:7S-13S

Abstract: The major indication for esophagoscopy is dysphagia which can be due to a number of causes such as foreign bodies, the commonest foreign body is coin and the commonest site is just below the cricopharynx1, tumors (benign and malignant) and strictures (reflux, peptic, corrosive, anastomotic). The use of rigid or flexible esophagoscopy may be determined by the suspected or actual anatomic lesion or condition in the esophagus, with various studies favoring the use of rigid or flexible esophagoscopy for esophageal foreign body extraction, biopsies of tumors or suspected lesions, and strictural disorders requiring dilatation. The present retrospective audit was undertaken to provide data regarding.........

Keywords: Rigid esophagoscopy, dysphagia.

[1]. Puhakka, Aitsalo, and esophageal carcinoma: endoscopic and clinical findings in 258 patients. JLO 1988 Vol. 102: 1137-1141.
[2]. Amit Agrawal, Barry. L. Wenig, (1998) Esophagoscopy Vs esophagoraphy screening for simultaneous esophageal primary tumors.
Arch otology and head & neck surgery August pg. 930-932.
[3]. Atkins .IP, Keane. Value of panendoscopy in determination of second primary cancer. Arch oto head and neck surgery 1984 1 10:
533-534.
[4]. Ciordano, A. Adams. C.Boies. 1981. Current management of esophageal foreign body. Archives Otol. 107, pg. 249-251.
[5]. Caravati E.M. Bennet D.L. (1989). Pediatric coin ingestion. A prospective study of the use of routine roentograms. American
Journal of Diseases of child 143(1), pg. 549-551.

Abstract: Avec de plus en plus de femmes en âge de procréer, et Grâce aux progrès diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, le pronostic des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein est en constante amélioration donc la question de la fertilité et de sa conservation est devenue fondamentale et partie intégrante du traitement de ces patientes. Le but de cette revue est de montrer l'impact des différentes thérapeutiques sur la fertilitéEt exposer les différents moyens à disposition pour conserver la fertilité.

[1]. Waks AG, Partridge AH. FertilityPreservation in Patients WithBreast Cancer: Necessity, Methods, and Safety. J NatlComprCancNetw. 2016;14(3):355–363.
[2]. Oktay, K., Turan, V., Bedoschi, G., Pacheco, F. S., &Moy, F. (2015). Fertilitypreservationsuccesssubsequent to concurrent aromatase inhibitortreatment and ovarian stimulation in womenwithbreast cancer. Journal of ClinicalOncology, JCO-2014.
[3]. Stensheim H, Cvancarova M, Møller B, Fosså SD. Pregnancyafter adolescent and adult cancer: A population-basedmatchedcohortstudy. Int J Cancer. 2011 Sep 1;129(5):1225–36.
[4]. Lee, S. J., Schover, L. R., Partridge, A. H., Patrizio, P., Wallace, W. H., Hagerty, K., ... &Oktay, K. (2006). American Society of ClinicalOncologyrecommendations on fertilitypreservation in cancer patients. Journal of clinicaloncology, 24(18), 2917-2931.
[5]. Levine JM, Kelvin JF, Quinn GP, Gracia CR. Infertility in reproductive-agefemale cancer survivors: Infertility in Female Cancer Survivors. Cancer. 2015 May 15;121(10):1532–9.

Abstract: Nowadays, patients keep asking for minimally invasive dentistry and therefore demand doctors to do "all is necessary" to save their teeth. Endodontics is not a newer branch of dentistry but its materials, techniques and methods are in a continuous wave of development, forcing the practitioners to constantly adapt to themselves. Furthermore, restoration of endodontically treated teeth represents a small, but largely controversed side of endodontics. It is well-known that restoration with fiber posts and composite core material is one of the most well-documented and scientifically-supported technique available. However, the overall treatment plan should always precede the root canal therapy itself and placing a fiber post in an endodontically treated tooth must be guided by biomechanical concepts, not by empirical ones.

[1]. Sorrentino R, Di Mauro MI, Ferrari M, Leone R, Zarone F: Complications of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber posts and single crowns or fixed dental prostheses-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Sep;20(7):1449-57
[2]. Goracci C, Ferrari M: Current perspectives on post systems: a literature review. Aust Dent J. 2011 Jun; 56 Suppl 1:77-83
[3]. Rathke A, Haj-Omer D, Muche R, Haller B: Effectiveness of bonding fiber posts to root canals and composite core build-ups. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009 Oct; 117(5):604-10
[4]. Fernandes AS, Dessai GS: Factors affecting the fracture resistance of post-core reconstructed teeth: a review. Int J Prosthodont. 2001 Jul-Aug; 14(4):355-63
[5]. Soares PV, Santos-Filho PC, Martins LR, Soares CJ. Influence of restorative technique on the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. Part II: strain measurement and stress distribution. J Prosthet Dent. 2008 Feb; 99(2): 114-22.

Abstract: Aim: In the case of teeth clinically diagnosed with acute pulp irritation or complicated gangrene with periradicular lesions, endodontic treatment is the choice used by practitioners. The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the ability of the rotary instruments, ProTaperGold and HyFlex CM, to preapare canals with medium and severe curves on extracted teeth. Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed on 24 extracted permanent teeth, maxillary and mandibular molars without root resorption. Chemo-mechanical treatment was performed only at the mesio-vestibular and distal-vestibular canals of the upper molars, but also at the mesio-lingual and mesio-vestibular canals of the lower molars.............

[1]. Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004;30:559–67.
[2]. Plotino G, Testarelli L, Al-Sudani D, Pongione G, Grande NM, Gambarini G. Fatigue resistance of rotary instruments manufactured using different nickel-titanium alloys: a comparative study. Odontology. 2014;102:31–5.
[3]. Haji-Hassani N, Bakhshi M, Shahabi S. Frequency of Iatrogenic Errors through Root Canal Treatment Procedure in 1335 Charts of Dental Patients. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:14–7
[4]. Schaeffer MA, White RR, Walton RE. Determining the optimal obturation length: a meta-analysis of literature. J Endod. 2005;31:271–4.
[5]. Iqbal MK, Banfield B, Lavorini A, Bachstein B. A comparison of LightSpeed LS1 and LightSpeed LSX NiTi rotary instruments in apical transportation and length control in simulated root canals. J Endod. 2007;33:268–71.

Abstract: Aim: To study the oral manifestation and intra-oral periapical radiographic changes in patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF). Materials and Methods: 30 subjects were selected with CRF and oral mucosa was examined in details for any changes. Intraoral periapical radiographs using bisecting angle technique were taken in the region of 46, 47, 48 and 16, 17, 18 using digital radio-visuography system. Result: Oral manifestations like halitosis was present in 30 subjects (100%), altered taste was present in 29 subjects (97%), erosions were present in 27 (90%) subjects and caries were absent in 25 (86%) subject. Intra-oral periapical radiograph showed significant changes in maximum patients. Conclusion: Majority of the patients had positive oral manifestation and radiographic findings which can be one of the diagnostic markers in CRF patients.

Keywords: Chronic renal failure, halitosis erosions

[1]. AP Nirmal, Thomas M, Utappa R, Kumar S. Oral manifestations of chronic renal failure and its management. J Res Adv Dent, 2015;4:1s2:7-13.
[2]. Reddy MS, Kannan N, Patil R. Intra-oral periapical radiographic changes in patients with chronic renal failure - An observational study. Journal of Research and Advancement in Dentistry, July- Oct 2012;1(3):75-80.
[3]. Belazelkovska A, Popovska M, Spasovski G, Belazelkovska Z, Minovska A, Mitic K.Oral changes in patient with chronic renal failure. Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, April - June 2013:5(2):104-112.
[4]. De Rossi S, Diamond MJ. Renal disease.Burket's oral medicine 12th edition, 411- 434.
[5]. Santosh P. Oral health dent manag.2012 sep;11(3):100-6

Abstract: Methacrylate-based materials are used daily in dental practice. Specialized publications report these materials as allergens with a high sensitizing potential. The present review of literature discusses the incidence, clinical manifestations, immunological mechanisms and methods of proving sensitization to dental acrylic compounds.

Keywords: Allergy, contact hypersensitivity, dental methacrylates, intraoral manifestation sensitizing potential

[1]. M Dimova, I. Stoeva, A comparative study of some new materials for temporary restorations. Scientific researches of the union of scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv, Series B. Natural Sciences and the Humanities, 2007, Vol. IX, ISSN 1311-9192:171-176.

[2]. A Kisselova, I. Stoeva, A. Krysteva Allergy in orthodontics. Problems of dentistry 2005, XXXI(1):75-79.
[3]. A Kisselova, I. Stoeva Dental Clinical Allergy ("ARSO", Sofia, 2009, 242-244; ISBN: 978-954-9301-47-2.

[4]. E Popova. Stomatitis subrothetica- Opportunities for diagnosis, guidelines for the etiologically treatment. Doctoral diss. Faculty of Dental medicine-Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2001
[5]. I Stoeva, A Kisselova . Allergic reactions to (methacrylates in the dental practice: an overview of clinical and research literature. Dental Medicine, 2009, 91 (1):80-85.

Abstract: The ABO blood group and secretor status of individuals is inherited independently. ABO blood group antigens are inherited by A, B & H genes and gene responsible for secretor state is Se (Se/Se & Se/se) gene. If recessive gene se/se is inherited person is non secretor. These group specific substances, ABH may be detected in most body fluid as soluble form in secretors except cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). One of the richest and most available source is saliva. Secretor status of a person can be quite useful to determine certain doubtful cases of ABO blood grouping and also has clinical significance. A total number of 1001 blood donors were randomly registered and studied for secretor/ non-secretor status in the present study.............

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[2]. Storry JR, Olsson ML: Will genotyping replace serology in future routine blood grouping? – opinion 4. Personalized versus universal blood transfusions – combining the efforts. Transfus Med Hemother 2009;36(3):232–233.

[3]. Koda Y, Tachida H, Pang H, Liu Y, Soejima M, Ghaderi AA, Takenaka O, Kimura H. Contrasting patterns of polymorphisms at the ABO-secretor gene (FUT2) and plasma α(1,3)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT6) in human populations. Genetics. 2001;158:747–756. [4]. Von Decastello A, Sturli A (1902). "Ueber die Isoagglutinine im Serum gesunder und kranker Menschen". Mfinch med Wschr. 49: 1090–5.
[5]. Daniels G. ABO, Hh, and lewis systems. In; Daniels G. Human Blood Groups. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Science; 2002:7–70.

Abstract: Successful Endodontic treatment depends upon Adequate knowledge about the morphology of root canal system and diagnosing the anatomic variants to avoid missed canals. Maxillary second molars usually present with two buccal and one palatal root. Occurrence of an extra palatal root is a rare scenario with prevalence of around 1.4%.. The following case report describes endodontic management of maxillary second molar with an unusual morphology of two independent palatal roots identified using CBCT. The access cavity design was modified and the chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals was done using rotary NiTi files and a separated instrument was bypassed and obturation was done using Endocem MTA sealer.

Keywords: Anatomic Variations, CBCT, Radix Mesiolingualis, Endocem MTA.

[1]. Siqueira JF Jr, Ro c, as IN. clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures .J Endod 2008;34:1291-301.
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[3]. N.Adanir,"An unusual maxillary first molar with four roots and six canals:a case report," Australian Dental Journal, vol.52,no.4, pp.333-335,2007
[4]. J.Kottoor, N.Velmurugan,R. Sudha, and S.Hemamalathi,"Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone – beam computed tomography scanning :a case report" Journal of Endodontics, vol.36,pp.915-921,2010.
[5]. K.Karthikeyan and S . Mahalaxmi," New nomenclature for extra canals based on four reported case of maxillary first molars with six canals," Journal of Endodntics,vol.3. 6,no.6,pp.1073-1078,2010.

Abstract: Aesthetic or cosmetic dentistry strives to merge beauty and function with the values and individual needs of every patient. Invention of the latest instruments, techniques and materials opens the door to the dental professionals in the field of conservative and aesthetic restorative dentistry. Veneers are the most frequently prescribed aesthetic restorations today. Ceramic veneers can be considered as the treatment option in a wide variety of different cases such as correction of tooth size discrepancy, discolorations, coronal fractures in teeth , abrasion, for diastema closure and for adjustment of occlusion. This case reports highlights the improvement of esthetics in discolored upper anterior teeth with ceramic veneers.

Keywords: Ceramic veneers, Esthetics, Fluorosis, Pitted teeth

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[3]. Decurcio RdA, Cardoso PdC. Porcelain laminate veneers: A minimally invasive esthetic procedure. Stomatos. 2011;17(33):12-9.
[4]. Du Toit J, Patel N, Montalli V, Jain S. Aesthetic treatment of severely fluorosed teeth with prefabricated composite veneers: a case report. International Dentistry African Edition. 2012;2(6):44- 50.
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Abstract: Primary enterolithiasis is a rare surgical ailment. The underlying cause is intestinal stasis. A 45-year-old female patient admitted with 5 years history of intermittent abdominal colics of less severity and shorter duration. There was history of emergency abdominal surgery 20 years back. The patient underwent laparotomy revealing three strictures in the distal ileum two feet proximal to ICJ, in between strictures dilated ileal segments harbor enteroliths. Resection and anastomosis of small bowel containing enteroliths was carried out.

Keywords: Enterolithiasis, sub acute intestinal obstruction, laparotomy.

[1]. Gurvits G E, Lan G. Enterolithiasis .World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:17819–17829.
[2]. Tewari A, Weiden J, Johnson JO, et al.Small bowel obstruction associated with crohn's enteroliths Emerg Radiol. 2013; 20:341–344. [PubMed]
[3]. Sharma D, P Malhotra, P Goyal, and S S Minhas. Enterolith–presenting as acute intestinal obstruction. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2015; 1:38-40.
[4]. Chaudhery B, Newman PA, Kelly MD. Small bowel obstruction and perforation secondary to primary enterolithiasis in a patient with jejunal diverticulosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014- 203833. PubMed PMID: 24626387; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3962938.
[5]. Singhal BM, Kaval S, Kumar P, Singh CP. Enterolithiasis: an unusual cause of small intestinal obstruction. Archives of International Surgery. 2013;3:137-141. doi:10.4103/2278-9596.122936

Abstract: Background: Primary Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is very rare with a reported incidence of about 0.3% to 1.5% of all salivary gland neoplasms. AIM – A review of 9 cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with a view to better understand the neoplasm. Materials and Methods: All records of patients with the diagnosis of salivary gland cancer were retrieved from register of pathological diagnoses in the Department of Histopathology in the period January 2006 to December 2015. Incidence of rare cases were isolated and all their histological sections stained with H&E were revisited. The data and clinical history were collated and those with metastatic complications were excluded from this study. Results: The findings revealed that only 9 cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of parotid gland were histologically confirmed during the study period. This is 0.002% (9/3933) of all malignant cases during the study period; 11.5% (9/78) of all salivary gland cancers and 2.1%(9/426) of all salivary gland neoplasms during the 10-year period. Of those affected, 77.8%(7/9) were males, and 22.2%(2/9) were females, with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. The mean age of patient was 42.3, with SD± 13.8, and the age range of (20-60) year............

Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma, Parotid gland, Sokoto.

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Abstract: Many studies regarding thyroid profile alteration havebeen conducted in preclamsia. Settings & Design: A case-control study was conducted in the antenatal clinic of preeclampsia patients at obstetrics department. Method & Materials: Thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (Free T3), thyroxine (Free T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated at the time of diagnosis of preeclampsia in 80 pregnant women ,40 cases and 40 control group each. Statistical Analysis: In the subjects serum concentrations of FT3, FT4 and TSH estimated using Immuno Enzymometric Assay The demographic data and hormone levels were analyzed using students' t test, and chi-square test. Pearson two-tailed analysis was used for correlation............

Keywords: preeclampsia, pregnancy, TSH.

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