iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Malignant tumours of external auditory canal are rare, adenoid cystic carcinoma is being of the rarest of these tumours. Due to its unusual clinical presentation, unpredictable behavior and perineural invasion it is of utmost importance to detect the tumour early which will save the precious life of a patient. We present here a case of young female (28 years old) with left external auditory canal mass which was initially suspected as granuloma, postoperative biopsy and Immunohistochemistry confirmed it as Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the EAC which is a rare case in the literature.

Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma; External auditory canal; Parotid, perineural

[1]. Seethala R R. Stenman G Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health OrganizationClassification of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumors of the Salivary Gland. Head and Neck Pathol . 2017 ; 11:55–67
[2]. Sharma JD, Kataki AC , Barman D, Sharma A, Kalita M. Cancer statistics in Kamrup urban district: Incidence and mortality in 2007–2011. Indian Journal of cancer. 2016 ; 53 (4) 600-606
[3]. Faisal D Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal "Rare Case Report. Glob J Oto . 2016 ; 1: 555-567.

Abstract: Context: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome. Recently, a prothrombotic state, characterized by abnormalities in platelet function has been recognized as a component of metabolic syndrome. The increased platelet activity may play a role in the development of vascular complications of this metabolic disorder. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of the average size and activity of platelets. Aims: To compare platelet indices between type 2 diabetic patients and control group, to analyse the correlations between MPV and FBG, PBG in diabetic patients, to evaluate MPV according to HbA1C levels in diabetic group. Materials and Methods: Platelet counts and MPV were measured in 300 Type 2 diabetic patients and 300 nondiabetic subjects using an automated blood cell counter. The blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels were also measured. Statistical evaluation was performed by SPSS using Student's t test and Pearson correlation tests.............

1]. Kodiatte TA, Manikyam UK, Rao SB, Jagadish TM, Reddy M, Lingaiah HM, Lashmaiah V. Mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Lab Pysician. 2012;4:5-9.
[2]. Ishan Dubey*, Bindu Singh Gaur, Roma Singh. A study to find correlation of platelet indices with HbA1c in diabetic patients with absence/presence of vascular complications. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Mar;5(3):1042-1047
[3]. Colwell JA, Nesto RW. The platelet in diabetes. Focus on prevention of ischemic events. Diabetes care 2003;2:2181-8.
[4]. Yazbek N, Bapat A, Kleiman N. Platelet abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. Coron Artery Dis 2003;114:365-71.
[5]. Ferroni P, Basili S, Falco A, Davì G. Platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:1282‑91.

Abstract: Thoracolumbar fractures occur from any and all forms of trauma and are the commonest spinal injuries. About twenty percent of them may be associated with neurological deficits[1,2]. In India however Dorsolumbar fractures are often associated with neurologic deficit and present a significant economic burden to the family and society [3]. The management of thoracolumbar fractures continues to evolve [4]. It remains difficult, however, to prove that surgical treatment provides an increased potential for neurological recovery. Also, the role of a decompressive laminectomy is still unclear [5].

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Key words: Thoracolumbar fractures, surgical treatment and technique, neurological recovery, transpedicular, vertebral body decompression, graft placement and fixation.

[1]. Kewalramani LS, Taylor RG. Multiple Non-Contiguous Injuries to the Spine Acta Orthop Scand 1976; 47:52-8
[2]. Henderson RL, Reid DC, Saboe LA. Multiple Noncontiguous Spine Fractures. Spine 1991; 16:128-31.
[3]. N Basheer, Deepak Gupta, GD Sathyarthi, Deepak Aggarwal, S Sinha, BS Sharma, AK Mahapatra Unstable dorsolumbar fractures: A prospective series of 94 cases Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma (UNT), Vol.7, No. 1, 2010; 56 59.
[4]. Saboe LA, Reid DC, Davis LA, Warren SA, Grace MG. Spine Trauma and Associated Injuries. J Trauma 1991; 31:43-8
[5]. Holdsworth F. Fractures, Dislocations, and Fracture-Dislocations of the Spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970; 52:1534-51.

Abstract: A significant number of patients, undergoing Sevoflurane and or Propofol anaesthesia, may develop shivering and hypoxemia, in the immediate post-operative period. However in majority of patients this is relieved spontaneously after some time in fit and healthy patients - no serious problem is posed. As post-anaesthetic shivering increase metabolic rate, oxygen (O2) demand and carbon-di-oxide (CO2) production, it may become hazardous in compromised patient population. Several physical and pharmacological approaches to treatment and prevention of post-anaesthetic shivering have been studied. Pethidine in a low dose has been found to be the most effective and consistent drug in stopping post-anaesthetic shivering. Confusing reports are found in the literature regarding the role of other opioids e.g. Fentanyl in treating post-anaesthetic shivering.............

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Key words: Shivering, Sevoflurane, Pethidine, Butorphanol, Buprenorphine, Propofol, Post-operative.

[1]. Holdcraft A, Hall GM. Heat loss during anaesthesia. Brit J Anaesth 1978; 50: 157-164.
[2]. Goold JE. Post-opertive spasticity and shivering. Anaesthesia 1984; 39: 35-38.
[3]. Claybon LE, Hiesch RA. Meperidine arrests to post-anesthetic shivering. Anesthesiology 1980; 53: S180.
[4]. Macintyre PE, Pavlin EG, Dwersteg JF. Effect of meperidine on oxygen consumption, CO2production, and respiratory gas exchange in post anaesthetic shivering. AnesthAnalg 1987; 66: 751-755.
[5]. Birzis L. Hemingway A: Efferent at brain discharge during shivering. J. Neurophysiol 1957; 20: 156-66.

Abstract: Anorectal Malformation [ARM] is a relatively common, complex anomaly to treat, improvement in management has improved life style of ARM child. We have studied every case of ARM admitted in GMKMCH between January 2012 and December 2016 (total 81 ). Children admitted are first stabilized and examined clinically after 24 hours subjected to invertogram and treated according to type of anomaly. Male babies with low anomaly are treated with anoplasty. Female babies are subjected to posterior trans position of anus at 3 months of age. High and intermediate anomalies are treated with 3 stage procedures. It was found that ARM is common in low socio economic group with equal gender incidence. Half of the cases are associated with other anomalies which is most common cause of death. Laparoscopic Assisted Anorectoplasty [LAARP] is better for high ARM and Posterior Sagital Anorectoplasty [PSARP] for intermediate ARM. Functional outcome of low ARM is good compared to high and intermediate ARM

[1]. Archibong AE, Idika IM. Results of treatment in children with anorectal malformations in Calabar, Nigeria. SAJS. 2004 ; 42 :88 -90.
[2]. Stephens FD, Smith ED. : Ano Rectal Malformations in children, Year Book Medicals, Chicago, 1971.
[3]. Smith ED : The identification and management of anorectal anomalies, in Progress in Pediatric Surgery, Munchen, Urben and Schwarzenberg, 1976 ; 9 : 7 – 40.
[4]. Stephens FD . : Anorectal malformation in children update 1988, Birth defects original Article series vol 24 (4) John Willey and Sony. 1988.
[5]. Endo M. : Analysis of 1992 Patients with Anorectal malformations over the past two decades in Japan. Sterring committee of Japanese study grown of Anorectal Anomalies. J. Paediatric study. 1992 ; 34 : 435-441.

Abstract: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare cystic neoplasm. Its unique characteristics include its occurrence in young females, uncertain cell of origin, unpredictable malignant potential, as well as its excellent long term prognosis, even when it appears to be aggressive at presentation.Accurate diagnosis aids surgical decision making and, where necessary, multimodality management may be required.

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Key words: SPEN, Solid Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm, Pancreatic neoplasm, Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor, SPT.

[1]. Franz VK. Tumors of the pancreas. In: Atlas of Tumor Pathology: fasc 27–28, ser 7. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1959;32–33.

[2]. Papavramidis T, Papavramidis S. Solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas: review of 718 patients reported in english literature. J Am Coll Surg 2005;200:965–72 [PubMed]

[3]. Dong P, Lu D, Degregario F, et al. Solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas: Radiological-pathological study of five cases and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 1996;51:702– 705.

[4]. Lam KY, Lo CY, Fan ST. Pancreatic solid-cysticpapillary tumor: Clinicopathologic features in eight patients from Hong Kong and review of the literature. World J Surg. 1999;23:1045–1050.

[5]. Nishihara K, Nagoshi M, Tsuneyoshi M, et al. Papillary cystic tumors of the pancreas: Assessment of their malignant potential. Cancer. 1993;71:82–92.

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis is still one of the major health problem in the INDIA. India accounts for almost a quarter of TB cases world wide. According to the Globle TB Report 2017, 28 lakh new cases were reported in India. Approximately 4.5 lakh people die every year due to TB. Drug Resistant TB is one of the major cause of mortality in India ,we can rule out drug resistance in TB bacilli with help of CBNAAT for both pulmonary and Extra-pulmonary TB. Here in this study we had taken the extrapulmonary sample in our college for the purpose of TB bacilli detection and resistance to Rifampicin to detect the resistance tuberculosis in them.

[1]. WHO TB control programme.
[2]. Multi-centre FIND Demonstration Studies, 9 district, sub-district laboratories and microscopy centers in 6 countries
[3]. Multi-centre FIND Demonstration Studies, 9 district, sub-district laboratories and microscopy centers in 6 countries
[4]. Experience with implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF in India; Report by Dr KS Sachdeva, Addl DDG (TB), Govt of india. Available at www.stoptb.org. Accessed on 25/12/2014.
[5]. WHO Policy statement: automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/ laboratory/en/

Abstract: Objective: To study the histomorphological spectrum of non-neoplastic & neoplastic lesions of the Prostate in TURP &tru-cut prostatic biopsies. and its correlation with Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen . Material and Method: A retrospective study of one year conducted on 140 cases , specimen from transurethral resection &tru-cut biopsies were fixed in buffered neutral formalin ,processed and slides prepared were stained with H& E stain. Result: Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 60-69yrs. The most common benign lesion encountered was benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 89 {63.57%} cases followed by PIN seen in 27 cases and 21 cases of malignancy, all of which were adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: It is concluded that in diagnosing prostatic adenocarcinoma, evaluating a constellation of architectural, cytoplasmic and nuclear features along with ancillary features is essential.

Keywords:- Neoplastic, TURP, buffered, adenocarcinoma.

[1]. A.Josephine .Clinicopathological Study of Prostatic Biopsies. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014; Vol-8(9): FC04-FC06

[2]. Bracarda S, Ottaviao De Cobelli, Greco, Galleti C, Valdagni T, Gatta R, et al. Cancer of the Prostate, Critical Reviews In Oncology /Hematology. 2005;56:379–96.

[3]. Hameed S, Malik A, Bilal S, Dogar S, Aslam S. Pattern of prostatic disease; a histopathological survey. Professional Med J. 2010;17(4):573–577.

[4]. Kim HL, Yang XJ. Prevalence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and its relationship to serum prostate specific antigen. IntBraz J Urol. 2002;28:413–417. [PubMed]

[5]. McNeal JE, Bostwick DG. Intrauctal dysplasia: a premalignant lesion of the prostate. Hum Pathol. 1986;17:64–71. [PubMed]

Abstract: Hairy cell leukemia is part of the low- grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma family and represent approximately 2% of all leukemias. It occurs mostly in people aged 40-60 and is more common in men than in women. The present study describes the case of a 50 yr old male who was diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis 4 yrs back for which he took ATT for 6 months and now presented with generalized weakness, fever and cough. Liver and spleen were palpable. Complete blood count, peripheral blood film , bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was performed and the results indicated Hairy cell variant/ SLVL.

[1]. BOURONCLE BA, WISEMAN BK, DOAN CA: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Blood. 1958; 13(7): 609-30

[2]. Teras LR, DeSantis CE, Cerhan JR, et al.: 2016 US lymphoid malignancy statistics by World Health Organization subtypes. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016; 66(6): 443–459.

[3]. Tadmor T, Polliack A: Epidemiology and environmental risk in hairy cell leukemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2015; 28(4): 175–9

[4]. Schrek R, Donnelly WJ: "Hairy" cells in blood in lymphoreticular neoplastic disease and "flagellated" cells of normal lymph nodes. Blood. 1966; 27(2): 199–211.

[5]. Grever MR, Abdel-Wahab O, Andritsos LA, et al.: Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with classic hairy cell leukemia. Blood. 2017; 129(5): 553–60.

Abstract: Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare neurological disorder mostly seen in chronic alcoholic and malnourished patient with pathological hallmark of corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis. We report a case of marchiafava bignami disease in a chronic kidney disease patient, without alcoholism or malnutrition. A 20-year-old man presented with sudden onset of altered sensorium with multiple falls in three days. Neurologic examination showed dysarthria and ataxia but, otherwise, normal cranial nerves, motor and sensory functions, and tendon reflexes. Brain MRI showed symmetric abnormalities in the corpus callosum. In addition, demyelination was also observed............

Keywords: Nonalcoholic, Corpus callosum, Sandwich sign

[1]. Yadala S, Luo JJ. Marchiafava-Bignami Disease in a Nonalcoholic Diabetic Patient. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine. 2013;2013:979383.

[2]. Seneviratnea K, Alten S, Farrugiaa M. A Rare Case of Chronic Alcoholism Related Marchiafava-Bignami Disease. J Neurol Res. 2011;1(4):168–69.

[3]. Suzuki Y, Oishi M, Ogawa K, Kamei S. A patient with Marchiafava-Bigami disease as a complication of diabetes mellitus treated effectively with corticosteroid. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19:761–762. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.07.040.

[4]. Tung CS, Wu SL, Tsou JC, Hsu SP, Kuo HC, Tsui HW. Marchiafava-Bignami disease with widespread lesions and complete recovery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:1506–1507. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1897

[5]. Morel F. Une forme anatomo-clinique particuliere de l;alcoolisme chronique: Sclerose corticale laminaire alcoolique. Rev Neurol. Rev Neurol. 1939. 71:280-288.

Abstract: Candida Albican colony buildup on the surface of dentures due to the inability to clean it, especially for elderly users. The inability to hold a toothbrush can affect the cleaning of dental prostheses. Objective: To determine the effect of using a special toothbrush handle to reduce the number of colonies of Candida Albicans on the surface of full dentures. Materials and Methods: The samples were complete dental prosthesis users, 24 people and divided into 2 treatment groups namely conventional toothbrush group users and toothbrush groups with special grips made of clay material. Assessment of the number of colonies in full dental prosthesis was carried out before, after the prosthetic brush and 7 days of use. To determine the number of Candida: a candida colony extracted from the swab on the base of the maxilla full denture, then cultured on subouraud dextrose for medium (SDA) with CFU (Colony Forming Unit)..............

Keywords: toothbrush special grip, Candida Albicans, Full denture prosthesis

[1]. Tay, L. Y., Herrera, D. R., Brenda, P., Santos, F. A. & Janaina, H. Identification of Candida Spp . In Patients with Denture Stomatitis : Relationship with Gender , Age , Time of Denture use and Newton ' s Classification. J. Dent. Appl.1, 46–50 (2014). Garg, S. K., Singh, V. A., Garg, S. K., Mittal, S. & Chahal, G. K. Effect of denture wearing on occurrence of fungal isolates in the oral cavity: A pilot study. J. Clin. Exp. Dent.4, 86–90 (2012).
[2]. Yankova, M., Yordanov, B., Baykuchev, R. & Mitov, I. PRESENCE OF CANDIDA SPP . IN THE SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE DENTURES , LINED WITH SILICONE-BASED ELASTIC INTRODUCTION : 23, 1813–1822 (2017).
[3]. Gautham, P. et al. Assessment of denture hygiene maintenance among elderly patients in Nizamabad (Telangana) population: A survey. J. Dr. NTR Univ. Heal. Sci.5, 275 (2016).
[4]. Pasiga, B. D. The Ability of Elderly to Clean Plaque on Full Denture Prosthesis Using Toothbrush with Special Grip Design. 2, 22–27 (2018).
[5]. Pawashe, K. G., Tewary, S., Sanyal, P. K. & Nilesh, K. An in vitro comparative evaluation of disinfectants on standard and clinical microbial strains on heat cure resins. J. Clin. Diagnostic Res.11, ZC54-ZC58 (2017).