iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Menstruation, a normal physiological process in females of reproductive age group still carries a lot of taboo especially in Indian context. The current study was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and practices related to menstrual hygiene management and find out the relationship with the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. The current cross-sectional study was conducted among first and second year under-graduate nursing students of School of Nursing, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata with a pre-designed, pre-tested and validated anonymous survey questionnaire. One-hundred and forty participants were surveyed and responses were noted. On analysis it was observed that there was inadequate knowledge regarding menstruation and relevant hygiene practices.............

Keywords: Knowledge, Menstrual hygiene, Menstruation, Nursing, Practice.

[1]. India Fact Sheet [Internet]. In: National Family Health Survey - 4. 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 24]. Available from: http://rchiips.org/NFHS/pdf/NFHS4/India.pdf
[2]. State Fact Sheet West Bengal [Internet]. In: National Family Health Survey - 4. 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 24]. Available from: http://rchiips.org/NFHS/pdf/NFHS4/WB_FactSheet.pdf
[3]. Ministry of drinking water and sanitation, Government of India. Menstrual Hygiene Management - Guidelines.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2018 Dec 17];Available from: https://mdws.gov.in/sites/default/files/Menstrual%20Hygiene%20Management%20-%20Guidelines.pdf
[4]. van Eijk AM, Sivakami M, Thakkar MB, Bauman A, Laserson KF, Coates S, et al. Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2016;6(3):e010290.
[5]. Ameade EPK, Garti HA. Relationship between Female University Students‟ Knowledge on Menstruation and Their Menstrual Hygiene Practices: A Study in Tamale, Ghana [Internet]. Adv. Prev. Med.2016 [cited 2018 Dec 17];Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2016/1056235/.

Abstract: Background: Locking compression plate as an external fixator for the definitive management of open fracture of tibia decreases both cost and trauma to the soft tissue. Though LCP is mechanically less rigid construct compared to conventional external fixators, it is clinically stable enough to maintain the reduction. LCP is light weight, comfortable and convenient for patients in daily life activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of locking compression plate used as an external fixator for the definitive management of open fracture of tibial diaphysis in 35 patients. Methodology: 35 patients with compound fracture (Type I to Type IIIA) of tibial diaphysis underwent supracutaneous.......

Keywords: compound fracture tibia, external fixation, locking compression plate

[1]. Court Brown CM, Bugler KE, Clement ND, Duckwoth AD, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of open fractures in adults. A 15 year review. Injury, 2012;43(6):891-97

[2]. Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF, Schemitsch EH. Treatment of open fractures of the shaft of tibia. J Bone Joint Br, 2001;83(1):62-68

[3]. Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF, Schemitsch EH. Surgeon's preferences for the operative treatment of fractures of the tibial shaft. An international survey. J Bone Joint surg Am, 2001;83-A(11):1746-52.

[4]. 4.Christina B, Robert VO. Tibia and fibula shaft fractures. In: Court Brown CM, Heckman JD, McQueen MM, Ricci WM, Tornetta P III, editors. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults, 8th ed (Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2015) 2415-72.

[5]. Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Kuipers MM, Marti RK, Werken C, External Fixation with Standard AO-Plates: Tech-nique, Indications, and Results in 31 Cases. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 2003; 17(1):61-4.

Abstract: Aim: This study aims at reporting the incidence of oral cancer and its association with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) in Southern population of Gujarat, India Material and Methods: Data was collected from the patients who reported to Bharat Cancer Hospital, Surat, Gujarat from March 2018 to September 2018. More than 1500 patients reported to the Hospital from which 874 patients were selected for this study. Details regarding patient's age, gender, occupation, habit, site affected with oral cancer and mouth opening was recorded. The data recorded were tabulated in the MS Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software 16. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square.........

Keywords: Buccal mucosa, cancer, Gujarat, India, tobacco, tongue.

[1]. Ariyoshi Y, Shimahara M, Omura K, Yamamoto E, Mizuki H, Chiba H, et al. Epidemiological study of malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region: Survey of member institutions of the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2002. Int J Clin Oncol 2008;13:220‑8.
[2]. Bhurgri Y, Bhurgri A, Hussainy AS, Usman A, Faridi N, Malik J, et al. Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in Karachi – Identification of potential risk factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2003;4:125‑30.
[3]. Kruaysawat W, Aekplakorn W, Chapman RS. Survival time and prognostic factors of oral cancer in Ubon Ratchathani Cancer Center. J Med Assoc Thai 2010;93:278‑84.
[4]. Babshet M, Nandimath K, Pervatikar S, Naikmasur V. Efficacy of oral brush cytology in the evaluation of the oral premalignant and malignant lesions. J Cytol 2011;28:165‑72.
[5]. Chaturvedi P. Effective strategies for oral cancer control in India. J Cancer Res Ther 2012;8 Suppl 1:S55‑6..

Abstract: Background. Early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy is well established, but the role of late laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not well documented. Aim.To evaluate the role of late laparoscopic cholecystectomy in waiting period (72hrs to 6 weeks) between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods. Total of 96 patients were evaluated, 48 patients in each group with group Awhounderwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy less than 72 hours after the onset of symptoms and group B who underwent late laparoscopic cholecystectomy beyond 72 hours and less than 06 weeks. Results. No significant difference found between the two groups with respect to operating time, clinical recovery, hospital stay, complications and conversion rate.Conclusion.late laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible as early laparoscopic cholecystectomy .

Key words: ELC (early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LLC (late laparoscopic cholecystectomy).

[1]. Kolla SB, Aggarwal S,Kumar A, Kumar R, ChumberS,Paeshad R, et al. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: A prospective randomized trial. SurgEndosc. 2004;181 (9):1323-1327.
[2]. Min-Wei Zhou, Xiao- DhongGu, Jian- Bin Xiang and Zong-You Chen.Comparison of clinical safety and outcome of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis.Scientific World Jou0
[3]. Agrawal R, Sood KC and Agarwal B.Evaluation of Early versus DelayedLaproscopiccholecystectomy in Acute cholecystitis, Surg Res Pract2015; Article ID 349801, 7 pages.
[4]. BitnorR.The standard of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Langenbacks Arch Surg2000; 389:157-63.
[5]. Cao AM, Eslick GD, Cox MR. Early Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is superior to delayed in acute cholecystitis –a meta analysis of case control studies[surgendosco 2016]

Abstract: Ankle and subtalar joint, when painful and refractory to conservative management, needs fusion. Fusion of both joints, known as pantalar arthrodesis (PTA) is truly a salvage procedure, an alternative to amputation. Initially, PTA was done in two stages, but currently one stage procedure is the choice among which retrograde nailing is the latest. A prospective study was done on eight (n=8) adult patients treated with retrograde hind foot fusion nailing system between april 2015 to april 2018. Patients were aged between 25 - 65yrs (avg. 45 yrs), suffering from secondary arthritis due to varying causes. Pre and post-operative assessment of clinical outcome was done using..........

Keywords: Pantalar arthrodesis, retrograde hind foot fusion nailing system.

[1]. Lexer E. Die verwendung der freien knochenplastik nebst versuche nuber gelenk versteifung und gelenktransplanten. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir 1906;86:9-38.
[2]. Adams JC. Arthrodesis of the ankle joint; experiences with the trans fibular approach. J Bone Joint Surg 1948; 30B: 506-511.
[3]. Motley TA, Carpenter BB. Pantalar arthrodesis Chapter 61- Mc Glamry's comprehensive Textbook of Foot and Ankle surgery. 4th edn. Wolters kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2012; 1. P.855.
[4]. Kitaoka H. Master techniques in orthopaedic surgery. The foot and ankle. 3rd ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkives; Total ankle arthroplasty; 2013. Chapter 38, p. 597-618
[5]. Muckley T , Klos K, Drechsel T, et al. Short term outcome of retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a curved intramedullary nail. Foot Ankle Int 2011; 32(1):47-56..

Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction is a common disease with serious consequences in mortality, morbidity, and cost to the society. Coronary atherosclerosis plays a pivotal part as the underlying substrate in many patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV)is a measure of platelet size, generated by full blood count analyzers as part of the routine complete blood count test cycle. An increased MPV, as an indicator of larger, more reactive platelets resulting from an increased platelet turnover, may therefore represent a risk factor for overall vascular mortality, including myocardial infarction. The objective of this study is find out Mean platelet volume (MPV) in AMI cases and compare them with age- and gender-matched controls, and to see correlation of MPV with established (Traditional) risk factors for AMI. Conclusion of study is that MPV is a very low cost..........

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Coronary atherosclerosis, Mean platelet volume

[1]. Michael c. Kim, Annapurna s. Kim and Valentine foster. Definition of acute coronary syndrome, The Hurst cardiology. 13th Ed; vol 2; 56:1287.
[2]. World Health Organization. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. WHO Report. Geneva: WHO; 2002.
[3]. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics2008. Geneva: WHO; 2008.
[4]. Nutrition Transition in India, 1947-2007. Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. 2008.
[5]. Gupta R, Joshi P, Mohan V, Reddy KS, Yusuf S Heart. Epidemiology and causation of coronary heart disease and stroke in India. 2008 Jan; 94(1):16-26.

Abstract: Aims: A prospective study has been carried out to find out the necessity of ligation of processus vaginalis during orchidopexy in cases of Undescended testis. Methods: 217 cases of palpable undescended testis (UDT) , age ranging between six months to twelve years were selected . Orchidopexy was done without ligating the processus vaginalis. Results: A strict follow-up ranging between two to eight years failed to show any postoperative hernia Conclusions : Ligation of patent processus vaginalis is an unnecessary step in the procedure of orchidopexy.

Keywords: Processus vaginalis, orchiopexy, non-ligation

[1]. D Thomas,P Duffy, A Rickwood- Pediatric urology ,2nd Ed. 2008; 247
[2]. Mohta A , Jain N, Irniraya KP et al- non ligation of hernia sac during herniotomy, a prospective study. Pediatr Surg Int 2003: 19:451-2
[3]. Shulman AG, Amid PK, Lichtenstein II – ligation of hernia sac- a needless step in adult hernioplasty. Int Surg 1993; 78:152-3
[4]. Schier F . Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair- a prospective personal series of 542 children, J Pediatr Surg 2006 : 41;1081-4
[5]. Handa R , Kele R , Harjai MM . Laparoscopic orchidopexy: is closure of the internal ring necessary? J Postgrad Med 2005; 51: 266-8.

Abstract: Retrospective analysis Study period: September 2015 to December 2017 Case records of all patients admitted with the clinical diagnosis of Thromboangiitis obliterans in this period were retrieved. Salient features were then recorded from these case records, including age, clinical presentation and management strategies employed. Patients underwent either, conservative management, primary amputation or angiography with a aim of revascularization. Patients who underwent angiography and satisfied the inclusion criteria formed the main study group. Angiography was done in the radiology cath lab suite by the interventional radiology team of our institution. All angiograms were conventional contrast angiograms done in the single cut-film technique........

[1]. Olin JW: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease). In Ruther ford RB : Vascular Surgery. 6th ed, 2005, pg 404
[2]. Masayoshi Kobayashi, NaomichiNishikimi, Kimihiro Komori: Current Pathological and Clinical Aspects of Buerger's disease in Japan. Ann VascSurg 20:148-156, 2006
[3]. Shionoya S: Buerger's disease Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. University of Nagoya Press, 1990, pg 29-30
[4]. Lazarides MK, Georgiadis GS, Papas TT, Nikolopoulos ES: Diagnostic criteria and Treatment of Buerger's Disease: A Review. Lower Extremity wounds 5(2):89-95,2006
[5]. Olin JW: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease). In Ruther ford RB : Vascular Surgery. 6th ed, 2005, pg 412-13.

Abstract: Background: Burn wounds injuries continue to be prevalent and devastating form of trauma. People with burn wound are specially vulnerable to infections. The goal of systematic antibiotics is to prevent/treat infections. Infection of burn wound is a serious problem because it can delay healing, and invasive infections may lead to septicaemia that may result in the death of the patient. Antibacterial therapy is one of the several interventions that may prevent/treat burn wound infections and protect the burn patient from invasive infections which may lead to septicaemia and multiple organ failure. Objective: To access the pattern of microbial flora and sensitivity of systemic Antimicrobial Therapy in burn wound management..... .

Keywords: Burn, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotics, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), Multi drug resistant(MDR)

[1]. Atiyeh BS, Gunn SW, Hayek SN. State of art in burn management. World J. Surg 2005;29:131-148.
[2]. Bang RL, Sharma PN, Sanyal SC, Najjdah IAI. Septicaemia after burn injury : a comparative study , Burns 2002:28:746-51.
[3]. Fitzwater J.Purdue GF, Hunt JL , O'Keefe GE . The risk factors and time course of sepsis and organ dysfunction afet burn trauma J. Trauma 2003:54;959-66.
[4]. Hunt JL, Purdue GF. The elderly burn patient. Am J Surg 1992;164:472-6.
[5]. Pruitt BA, Goodwin CW, Mason Jr D. Epidemiological, demographic, and outcome characteristics of burn injury. In: Herndon D, editor. Total Burn Care. London, England: Saunders; 2002. p. 6-30.

Abstract: Cranberry has a unique combination of phytochemicals which are used for treatment of various systemic diseases including oral diseases like caries,periodontitis and oral cancer. Many in vitro studies have outlined the potential health benefits of cranberry but in vivo studies are still inconclusive. Cranberry inhibit acid production, attachment and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans thereby being an effective anticaries agent. It also inhibits host inflammatory response and adherance of periodontal pathogens on tooth surfaces. Proanthocyanidins in cranberries demonstrate significant cancer prevention. The review aims to well into the potential benefits of cranberry in improving oral health as well as a peep into the still unexplored facets of natural medicaments in oral disease prevention..

Key Words: Cranberry, Dental Caries, Periodontitis, Oral health, Antibacterial

[1]. Blumberg JB,Camesano TA,Cassidy A et.al. Cranberries and their Bioactive Constituents in Human Health. Advances in Nutrition 2013, Vol 4(6):618-32.
[2]. Pappas E,Schiah KM. Phytochemicals of cranberries and cranberry products:Charecterization in,periodontal health and processing stability .Crit Rev Food Nutr 2009;49:741-48.
[3]. Zafriri D,Ofek I,Adar R,Pocino M,Sharon N.Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherance of type 1 and type P fimbricated E.coli to eukaryote cells .Antimicrob Agents Chemotherap 1989,Vol 33:92-98.
[4]. Matsushims M,Suzuki T,Masui A,Kasai K,Kouchi T et.al .Growth inhibitory action of cranberry on H.pylori .J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008 Suppl 2:S 175-80.
[5]. Oiknine-Djian E,Haddad YH,Wein EI et.al.High molecular weight constituents of cranberry interfere with influenza virus neuramin index activity in vitro .Planta Med 2012,78(10):962-7

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple treatments has been identified for pilonidal disease but no protocol has been designed and studies emerged by comparing treatment cost, morbidity, and return to work state The primary aim of advancement flap is to transfer the scar tension that obtained from side-to-side closure to good cosmetical closure from flap.. For putting the flap, we need to know its dynamics. First step is movement of flap into the defect created by excision of pilonidal sinus. Flap movement demonstrates secondary defect. Primary purpose of flap is to closing the primary defect, while reducing secondary defect size............

[1]. Sebastian M (1997) Pilonidal cysts and sinuses. In: Principles of surgery, pp 1330–4, 1234–5
[2]. Klass AA (1956) The so-called pilonidal sinus. Can Med Assoc J 75:737–742
[3]. Berry DP (1992) Pilonidal sinus disease. JWound Care 1(3):29–32 Stansby G, Greatorex R (1989) Phenol treatment of pilonidal sinus of the natal clssssseft. Br J Surg 76(7):7SS29–730
[4]. Jacobsen P (1959) Pilonidal disease: management without excision. Am Acad GP xix:3
[5]. Kronberg I, Christensen KI, Zimmerman-Nielson O (1986) Chronic pilonidal disease: a randomised trial with complete three year follow up. Br J Surg 72:303–304..

Abstract: Objective: This study included screening of hearing assessment of neonates and children using combined automated auditory brainstem response audiometry and otoacoustic emission testing in a tertiary care set-up, to assess the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss and also to manage the children with profuse SNHL. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between September 2016- September 2018 in Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur...........

Keywords: OAE , ABR, Neonatal Screening.

[1]. Judith A, Mason MS, Kenneth R, Herrmann MD. Universal infant hearing screening by automated auditory brainstem response measurement. Pediatrics. 1998;101:221-8.
[2]. Mehra S, Eavey RD, Keamy DG Jr. The epidemiology of hearing impairment in the United States: newborns, children, and adolescents. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140:461-72
[3]. Nagapoornima P, Ramesh A, Srilakshmi, Rao S, Patricia PL, Gore M, et al. Universal hearing screening. Indian J Pediatr. 2007;74:545-9.
[4]. Paul AK. Early identification of hearing loss and centralized newborn hearing screening facility- The Cochin experience. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48:355-9.
[5]. Rai N, Thakur N. Universal screening of newborns to detect hearing impairment – Is it necessary?. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77:1036-41.

Abstract: Introduction: The referral system is particularly important in pregnancy and childbirth for providing access to Emergency Obstetric Care. Timeliness and appropriateness of referral is an important factor in the ultimate outcome of the patients.1 Linking the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care are an essential element of primary health care.2 Materials and Methods: Present study was a two years prospective study in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a PG and UG teaching tertiary care centre, M.G.M Medical College and hospital, Jamshedpur from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients referred to the hospital in third trimester of pregnancy during study period. Exclusion criteria included Post-partum patients, Early pregnancy complications (<28wks), Booked patients at tertiary care centre...........

Key Words: Health education, referral system, Emergency Obstetric Care, intranatal care

[1]. Gupta PR, Chaudhary SN, Gonnade NV. Maternal and fetal outcome in referred patients to tertiary care center. Sch J App Med Sci. 2016;4(5C):1624-63.
[2]. Devineni K, Sodumu N. A study of spectrum of referral pattern at a tertiary teaching hospital towards better obstetric care. IAIM. 2016;3(8):193-8.
[3]. Sakhare AP, Thakare P. Outcome of caesarean delivery in rural obstetric referrals, 51st Conference AICOG; 2008.
[4]. Vinayak NM, Panditrao SK, Ramkrishna MA Critical study of referrals in Obstetric Emergencies. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2004;54(3):258-9.
[5]. Patel HC, Singh BB, Moitra M, Kantharia SL. Obstetric referrals: scenario at a primary health centre in Gujarat. Natl J Community Med. 2012;3(4):711-4..

Abstract: Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of any severity identified for the first time during pregnancy. Though this definition uniformly detected and classified GDM, its limitations have been known for many years. In 2008-2009, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), an international consensus group with representatives from multiple obstetrical and diabetes organizations, including the American Diabetes Association (ADA), recommended that high-risk women found to have diabetes at their initial prenatal visit, using standard criteria, receive a diagnosis of overt, and not gestational diabetes............

Keywords: American Diabetes Association, Asian Indians, gestational diabetes, progression to type 2 diabetes, WHO

[1]. Bhat M, Ramesha K, Sarma S, Menon S, Ganesh Kumar S. Outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus from a tertiary referral hopsital in South India: a casecontrol study. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2012;62(6):644-649.
[2]. Magon N, Seshiah V. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Non-insulin management. Indian J Endocrinol Metabol. 2011;15(4):284.
[3]. Mayo K, Melamed N, Vandenberghe H, Berger H. The impact of adoption of the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstetr Gynecol. 2015;212(2):224.e1-224.e9.
[4]. Landon M. A multihopsital, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1339-48.
[5]. Boney C. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatr. 2005;115(3):e290-296.